Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head，according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.
Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting and pumping blood around their bodies, compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed. Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event, depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.
Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said：“Our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart.”
The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces. Dr Garfinkel said, “The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed.Thus, our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don't see—and guide whether we see fear.”
To further understand this relationship，the scientists also used a brain scanner(扫描仪)to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person's feeling of fear.
“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain ‘speak’ to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear,”Dr Garfinkel said.
“We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced, we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders，and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”
1.What is the finding of the study? ________.
A. Fear is a result of one's relaxed heartbeat.
B. One's heart affects how he feels fear.
C. Fear has something to do with one's health.
D. One's fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear.
2.The study was carried out by analyzing ________.
A. volunteers' heartbeats when they saw terrible pictures
B. the time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditions
C. volunteers' reactions to horrible pictures and data from their brain scans
D. different pictures shown to volunteers and their heart－brain communication
3.Which of the following is closest in meaning to “mechanism” in Paragraph 6?
A. order B. treatment C. machine D. system
4.This study may contribute to ________．
A. treating anxiety and stress better
B. explaining the cycle of fear and anxiety
C. finding the key to the heart－brain communication
D. understanding different fears in our hearts and heads
科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年江西吉安一中高二上第一次段考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：书面表达
书面表达
如何理解“成功”，不同的人有不同的看法。请认真阅读下面的引语( quotation)，按要求用英语写一篇短文。
“Success is the ability to go from one failure to another with no loss of enthusiasm.（热情）”
－Sir Winston, Churchill
内容要求：
1. 你对该引语的理解；
2. 你的相关经历；
3. 恰当的结尾。
注意：
1. 短文开头已给出，不计入总词数；
2. 文中不能出现考生的具体信息；
3. 词数：120左右。
This quotation from Winston Churchill tells us that
.
.
.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年陕西西安庆安高级中学高一第一次月考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
Three Boys and a Dad
Brad closed the door slowly as Sue left home to visit her mother. Expecting a whole day to relax, he was thinking whether to read the newspaper or watch his favourite TV talk show on his first day off in months. “This will be like a walk in the park,” he’d told his wife. “I’ll look after the kids, and you can go visit your mom.”
Things started well, but just after eight o’clock, his three little “good kids”—Mike, Randy, and Alex—came down the stairs in their night clothes and shouted “breakfast, daddy.” When food had not appeared within thirty seconds, Randy began using his spoon on Alex’s head as if it were a drum. Alex started to shout loudly in time to the beat（节拍）. Mike chanted “Where’s my toast, where’s my toast” in the background. Brad realized his newspaper would have to wait for a few seconds.
Life became worse after breakfast. Mike wore Randy’s underwear on his head. Randy locked himself in the bathroom, while Alex shouted again because he was going to wet his pants. Nobody could find clean socks, although they were before their very eyes. Someone named “Not Me” had spilled a whole glass of orange juice into the basket of clean clothes. Brad knew the talk show had already started.
By ten o’clock, things were out of control. Alex was wondering why the fish in the jar refused his bread and butter. Mike was trying to show off his talent by decorating the kitchen wall with his colour pencils. Randy, thankfully, appeared to be reading quietly in the family room，but closer examination showed that he was eating apple jam straight from the bottle with his hands. Brad realised that the talk show was over and reading would be impossible.
At exactly 11:17, Brad called the daycare centre (日托所）.“I suddenly have to go into work and my wife’s away. Can I bring the boys over in a few minutes?” The answer was obviously “yes” because Brad was smiling.
1.When his wife left home. Brad expected to .
A. enjoy his first day off work
B. watch TV talk show with his children
C. go out for a walk in the park
D. read the newspaper to his children
2.Which of the following did Randy do?
A. Drawing on the wall B. Reading in a room
C. Feeding the fish. D. Eating apple jam
3.Why did Brad ask the daycare centre for help?
A. Because he wanted to clean up his house.
B. Because he suddenly had to go to his office
C. Because he had to take his wife back
D. Because he found it hard to manage his boys at home.
4.This text is developed _____________.
A. by space B. by time
C. by process D. by comparison
5.At first, Brad thought he would be __________ on his first day off .
A. relaxed B. embarrassed
C.bored D. unhappy
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年河北冀州中学高一上第三次月英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
I really love my job because I enjoy working with small children and like the challenges and awards from the job. I also think my work is important. There was a time when I thought I would never have that sort of career(职业).
I wasn’t an excellent student because I didn’t do much schoolwork. In my final term I started thinking what I might do and found I didn’t have much to offer. I just accepted that I wasn’t the type to have a career.
I then found myself a job. Looking after two little girls, it wasn’t too bad at first. But the problems began when I agreed to live in, so that I would be there if my boss had to go out for business in the evening. We agreed that if I had to work extra hours one week, she’d give me time off the next. But unfortunately, it didn’t often work out. I was getting extremely tired and fed up, because I had too many late nights and early mornings with the children.
One Sunday, I was in the park with the children, and met Megan who used to go to school with me. I told her about my situation. She suggested that I should do a course and get a qualification (资格证书)if I wanted to work with children. I didn’t think I would be accepted because I didn’t take many exams in school. She persuaded me to phone the local college and they were really helpful. My experience counted for a lot and I got on a part-time course. I had to leave my job with the family, and got work helping out at a kindergarten.
Now I’ve got a full-time job there. I shall always be thankful to Megan. I wish I had known earlier that you could have a career, even if you aren’t top of the class at school.
1.What is the author’s present job?
A. Working part-time in a college.
B. Taking care of children for a family.
C. Helping children with their schoolwork.
D. Looking after children at a kindergarten.
2.When staying with the two girl’s family, the author_________.
A. was paid for extra work.
B. often worked long hours.
C. got much help from her boss.
D. took a day off every other week.
3.Why did the author leave her first job?
A. She found a full-time job.
B. She was fed up with children.
C. She decided to attend a part-time course.
D. She needed a rest after working extra hours.
4.What has the author learned from her own experiences?
A. Less successful students can still have a career.
B. Qualifications are necessary for a career.
C. Hard work makes an excellent student.
D. One must choose the job she likes.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016届辽宁大连第八中学高三上学期期中英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
The sound of a mosquito can mean trouble in many parts of the world. The bite of the mosquito can be deadly. The insects carry serious diseases like malaria (疟疾). It is estimated that almost 630,000 people died from malaria and malariarelated causes in 2012, and most of these cases were in African countries.
In the United States, a group of California scientists are working to develop a more effective and less costly substance (物质) to protect people from mosquitoes. The researchers are investigating the sense of smell in mosquitoes. They found the insects use the same receptor for identifying carbon dioxide in human breath as they do for the smell of our skin. Anandasankar Ray, who is leading the investigation, says scientists tested more than a million chemical compounds (化合物) until they found a substance called Ethyl Pyruvate. He says Ethyl Pyruvate makes the mosquitoes' receptors inactive. “When we apply Ethyl Pyruvate to a human arm and offer it to hungry mosquitoes in a cage, very few of the mosquitoes are attracted to the human arm because only a few of them are able to smell it out,” said Ray.
Genevieve Tauxe, a member of the research team, says it was not easy to find the neurons (神经元) of noble cells that recognize both the smell of human breath and skin. “With the device used to examine the mosquito, we are able to insert a very small electrode (电极) into the part of the mosquito's nose, where its smelling neurons are and where the smell is happening,” said Tauxe.
Anandasankar Ray says a product based on Ethyl Pyruvate may cost less to produce than DEFT, the most effective chemical treatment now in use. He says DEFT is too costly for most people who live in areas affected by malaria.
“Perhaps by finding smells that can attack other target receptors, we will be able to improve upon DEFT and finally have the next generation of insect behaviour control products,” said Ray.
1.The underlined word in the second paragraph probably means ________.
A. a substance that protects people from mosquitoes
B. a piece of equipment that sends signals
C. a device that reacts to light
D. a sense organ that reacts to changes
2.According to the passage, Ethyl Pyruvate can ________.
A. kill the mosquitoes' smelling neurons
B. cause the mosquitoes to lose their senses of smell
C. result in the inactiveness of the mosquitoes' receptors
D. make the mosquitoes uninterested in human breath and skin smell
3.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Ethyl Pyruvate—an Insect Behaviour Control Product
B. Malaria—a Serious Disease Causing 630,000 Deaths
C. Scientists Find a New Substance to Fight Mosquitoes
D. A New Generation of DEET Has Been Developed to Kill Mosquitoes
4.This passage most probably appears in ________.
A. a textbook of medical schools
B. a collection of doctors' essays
C. the column of newspaper ads
D. the health column of a magazine
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016届黑龙江牡丹江第一高级中学高三上期中英语试卷（解析版） 题型：短文改错
短文改错
文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线( \)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词 2.只允许修改10处，多者(从11处起)不计分
Ladies and gentlemen,
Thank you for hold such a wonderful party for me before the day of your returning to Australia. I really can’t thank you enough for that you’ve done for me during my visit.
I remembered vividly the day I arrive here. I was deeply impressed by your kindness or the beautiful scenery of your city. Everything was more awesome than visiting the splendid Mount Huang on third day. And the memory will surely last a lifetime. I’m also glad to have made many friends here, to whom I hope to see again in the future.
I believe this visit will promote the friendship and understanding between the Australian and Chinese student. Once again , I want to extend my most sincerely gratitude to all of you.
Thank you.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年江西上高二中高二上第二次月考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
“Chances are we have all experienced shyness in our lives, and shyness has been associated with negative outcomes—characteristics like difficulty maintaining eye contact, and feelings of humiliation(丢脸) are known to be part of a shy person’s characters. It’s these traits that tend to affect some shy individuals’ ability to connect,” says C. Barr Taylor, a professor of psychology at Stanford University.
“But while shyness can often be seen as a bad thing, there are ways to use the personality trait to your advantage,” Taylor says. Below are some common shy habits and how you can learn to make them benefit you:
Shy people usually reflect inwardly (在内心) a lot. But according to Taylor,all that thinking may not always be a bad thing and it should be viewed as a way you can think actively as you go into a situation. So, for shy people who feel worried about facing a particular challenge or event, Taylor advises slowly approaching the fearful situation if you start to feel anxious. By facing what you are not feeling secure about, Taylor says, you will feel less anxious. “Our brains are amazing—they can become well adapted,” he says. “If you put yourself in a fearful situation, you will get a sense that you are going to do it.” What’s more, shy individuals care deeply about what others think of them, and if it is addressed healthily, they can use it to their advantage to form social connections.
Shy people are observant and often pick up on parts of their conversation or surroundings that others may not. “Just because you are shy, that does not mean you are not used to social situations,” Taylor says. “It can actually become a source of strength as you are the observer in the room.” In a study out of Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, researchers found an association between college-age adults who were shy and the ability to better identify expressions of sadness and fear compared with those who weren’t shy. In addition, a shy person has a born drive to absorb a conversation, so they can be great at conversation.
1.In the opinion of C. Barr Taylor, we should .
A.think positively of shyness
B.try to get rid of shyness
C.attempt to be a little shy
D.often help those shy people
2.The passage mentions the study by Southern Illinois University just to show that .
A.shy people use rich facial expressions
B.shy people are good at observing others
C.shyness can be used to reduce anxiety
D.shyness can be used in social connections
3.We can know from the passage that shy people .
A.are good at getting used to a new environment
B.often attach much importance to others’ opinions
C.hate to think a lot before taking an action
D.are good at overcoming their feeling of insecurity
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016届河北衡水冀州中学高三上学期一轮复习2英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
Charles Blackman：Alice in Wonderland
An Exhibition at the National Gallery of Victoria (NGV),Australia
10 June —12 August 2015
Venue (地点) The Ian Potter Centre
Admission Free entry
Charles Blackman is famous for his beautiful painting of dreams. In 1956, he heard for the first time Lewis Carroll’s extraordinary tale of Alice in Wonderland –the story of a Victorian girl who falls down a rabbit hole, meets a lot of funny characters and experiences all kinds of things. At that time, Blackman’s wife was suffering form progressive blindness. The story of Alice moving through the strange situations, often disheartened by various events, was similar to his wife’s experiences. It also reflected so much of his own life. All this contributed to the completion of the Alice in Wonderland paintings.
Illustrator Workshop
Go straight to the experts for an introductory course in book illustration. The course includes an introduction to the process of illustration and its techniques, workshop exercise and group projects.
Dates Sunday 17 June &Sunday 5Aug.10am—1pm
Venue Gas Works Arts Park
Wonderful World
Celebrate the exhibition and Children’s Book Week with special activities just for the day, including a special visit from Alice and the White Rabbit
Date Sunday 24 June, 11am—4pm
Venue Exhibition Space, Level 3
Topsy-Turvy
Visit the exhibition or discover wonderful curiosities in artworks in the NGV Collection and make a magic world in a box. Alice and the White Rabbit will be with you. Walt Disney’s Alice in Wonderland will be screened.
Dates Sunday 8,15,22,29 July, and Tuesday 24-Friday 27 July, 12noon—3pm
Venue Theatre, NGV Australia
Drawing Workshop
Distortions of scale ( 比例失真) can make artworks strange but interesting. Find out how Charles Blackman distorted scale in his paintings to create a curious world. Then experiment with scale in your own drawings. More information upon booking.
Date Friday 27 July, 10:30am-3pm
Venue Foyer, Level 3
1.Charles Blackman’s paintings come from ________.
A. his wish to express his own feelings
B. his dream of becoming a famous artist
C. his admiration for Lewis Carroll
D. his eagerness to cure his wife’s illness
2.Which two activities can you participate in on the same day?_________
A. Illustrator Workshop and Drawing Workshop.
B. Topsy-Turvy and Drawing Workshop.
C. Wonderful World and Topsy –Turvy.
D. Illustrator Workshop and Wonderful World.
3.To understand the Alice in Wonderland paintings, you should go to ________.
A. Exhibition Space .Level 3 B. Gas Works Arts Park
C. Theatre, NGV Australia D. Foyer, Level 3
4.Activities concerning children’s books are to be held
A. on July 24, 2015 B. on July15, 2015
C. on June 24, 2015 D. on August 5, 2015
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年山西忻州第一中学高二上期中英语试卷（解析版） 题型：七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why Is Exercise Cool?
1．Exercise Strengthens Muscles
Did you ever do a push-up or swing across the monkey bars at the Playground. 1. By using your muscles to do powerful things, you can make them stronger．For older teens and adults, this kind of workout can make muscles bigger, too.
2． 2.
Can you touch your toes easily without yelling ouch? Most kids are pretty flexible, which means that they can bend and stretch their bodies without much trouble. Being flexible is having full range of motion, which means you can move your arms and legs freely without feeling tightness or pain．
3．Exercise Keeps the Balance
3.Your body needs a certain amount of calories every day just to function, breathe, walk around, and do all the basic stuff. 4.If you're not very active, your body won't need as many calories.
Whatever your calorie need , if you eat enough to meet that need, your body weight will stay about the same. If you eat more calories than your body needs, it may be stored as extra fat.
4．Exercise Makes You Feel Good
It feels good to have a strong, flexible body that can do all the activities you enjoy—like running, jumping, and playing with your friends. It's also fun to be good at something, like scoring a basket, hitting a home run, or perfecting a dive.
But you may not know that exercising can actually put you in a better mood. 5.It's just another reason why exercise is cool!
A．So you want to do some aerobic（有氧的）exercise right now?
B．Food gives your body fuel in the form of calories, which are a kind of energy.
C．When you exercise, your brain releases a chemical, which may make you feel happier.
D．Those are exercises that can build strength.
E．Exercise Makes You Flexible
F．Exercise Makes Your Heart Happy
G．But if you're active, your body needs an extra measure of calories or energy.
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