We redheads are well known for our bad tempers. Now it seems there is scientific backing for our particular complaining as well.
Scientists in the United States studied a group of 144 dental patients almost half of whom had red hair. They found that the red-haired group were more sensitive to pain and as a result were twice as likely to avoid visiting the dentist.
Previous research had shown that redheads were more resistant to the effects of local anaesthesia(局部麻醉) than people with other hair colours.
The scientists say that this red-haired sensitivity to pain stems from the actions of a gene called MC1R. This is responsible for the production of melanin which gives skin and hair its colour. In about five percent of white people the gene is mutated(突变) leading to fair skin and red hair.
Researchers say there are some people with the gene in the brain and that this could affect pain sensitivity.
Professor Daniel Sessler from the Cleveland Clinic in the United States is one of the authors of the study. He says the research is a considerable scientific breakthrough.
"Red hair is the first phenotype(表现某一显性特征之生物个体或群体) of anaesthetic requirement in humans. And what I mean by phenotype is an external(外部的) characteristiC．
"So suppuse you are walking down the street and you see someone who's a little older and a little younger - that tells you nothing about their anaesthetic requirement. You see a man and a woman - that tells you nothing about their anaesthetic requirement. But you see a redhead - aha! You know that person is going to require 20 percent more general anaesthesia."
From my own personal experience I would say that there is some merit to this ideA．I have found that I have had to ask dentists for extra anaesthetic in the middle of procedures.
Some dentists argue that a greater sensitivity to pain might actually benefit redheads and drive them to see the dentist more quickly. In my own case I can prove that is definitely not true.
We learn from the text that red- haired group are _______________.
A．easily influenced by the sense of pain and need more anthaethetic reqiurement
B．usually more sensitive to some painful things
C．just well-known for their good temper and strong pain sensitivity
D．good-looking with fair skin and red hair
What do the scientists think this red-haired sensitivity to pain results from?
A．melanin which is responsible for the production which gives skin and hair its colour.
B．the mutated gene leading to fair skin and red hair基因
C．some persons with this gene in the brain
D．an external characteristic of a person.
According to Professor Daniel Sessler, the most amazing thing about the anaesthetic requirement in humans which can be judged by ______.
A．someone’s age and hair
B．someome’s gender and figure
C．someone’s teeth and the skills of the dentist
D．someone’s external charateristic
We can infer from the last two paragraphs that _____.
A．redheads need less anaesthetic in the operation
B．the results of this red-haired sensitivity to pain will be the same
C．the writer is a red-haired person
D．redheads have many benefits of being red-haired
【小题1】A
【小题2】B
【小题3】D
【小题4】C
【小题1】考察推理判断题。They found that the red-haired group were more sensitive to pain and as a result were twice as likely to avoid visiting the dentist.可以推出选A。
【小题2】考察细节理解题。The scientists say that this red-haired sensitivity to pain stems from the actions of a gene called MC1R.可以推出答案。
【小题3】考察细节理解题。"Red hair is the first phenotype(表现某一显性特征之生物个体或群体) of anaesthetic requirement in humans. And what I mean by phenotype is an external(外部的) characteristiC．可以推出答案。
【小题4】考察推理判断题。From my own personal experience I would say that there is some merit to this ideA．I have found that I have had to ask dentists for extra anaesthetic in the middle of procedures.可以看出作者和红头发的人一样对于疼痛和麻醉一样敏感，可以看出作者也是一个红头发的人。
阅读快车系列答案科目：高中英语 来源：浙江省台州市2010年高三年级第二次调考试题（英语） 题型：阅读理解
British and American scientists are raising genetically modified(转基因的) pigs in the hope of providing organs for transplant(移植) to humans, the project leader wrote in a newspaper Sunday.
Scientists in London and California have begun conducting the genetic experiments to find a solution to record–long waiting lists for organ transplants, Robert Winston said in an opinion piece written for Britain's Sunday Times.
In Britain alone, around 8,000 patients are waiting for a transplant.
"People needing a new heart or liver are waiting for someone else to die – usually a violent death in a traffic accident," Winston wrote in the newspaper. He said his team was "trying to modify pigs so their organs might save the lives of humans."
The scientists are introducing human genes into the animals to reduce the chances of the organs being rejected by patients, as has been common in previous attempts to use animal tissues, said Winston, who heads the Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology at London's Hammersmith Hospital.
Working with Dr. Carol Redhead of the California Institute of Technology, Winston's team has injected human genes directly into male piglets(猪仔), adding them to the animal's sperm(精子).
He said that pigs involved in experiments had successfully produced transgenic sperm, but acknowledged that British and European laws had prevented the team from using the pigs to mate.
The Sunday Times newspaper reported that the experiments would be moved to the United States following difficulties with funding and regulations in Britain. It said the pigs would be bred in Missouri.
"Our U.S. friends will benefit from our technology and the income we might have produced for Britain will be lost," Winston wrote.
Some scientists have previously blamed the idea of using animal organs for human transplant, saying the technique risks spreading animal viruses to humans. Winston said his research project is attempting to breed virus-free pigs.
49. Scientists are introducing human genes into the animals to ____________.
| A. make the organs healthier | B. reduce the pain of animals |
| C. make the organs live longer | D. reduce the chances of rejection |
| A. the technique is not perfect now |
| B. humans may be infected with animal viruses |
| C. it is against laws and regulations |
| D. it may cause a conflict between humans and animals |
| A. a pity | B. a pride | C. a disaster | D. a good idea |
| A. animal organs are commonly used for human transplant now |
| B. lots of patients need animal organ transplants now |
| C. examples of the animal tissues being rejected have happened |
| D. it is not safe to use animal organs for human transplant |
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
British and American scientists are raising genetically modified(转基因的) pigs in the hope of providing organs for transplant(移植) to humans, the project leader wrote in a newspaper Sunday.
Scientists in London and California have begun conducting the genetic experiments to find a solution to record–long waiting lists for organ transplants, Robert Winston said in an opinion piece written for Britain's Sunday Times.
In Britain alone, around 8,000 patients are waiting for a transplant.
"People needing a new heart or liver are waiting for someone else to die – usually a violent death in a traffic accident," Winston wrote in the newspaper. He said his team was "trying to modify pigs so their organs might save the lives of humans."
The scientists are introducing human genes into the animals to reduce the chances of the organs being rejected by patients, as has been common in previous attempts to use animal tissues, said Winston, who heads the Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology at London's Hammersmith Hospital.
Working with Dr. Carol Redhead of the California Institute of Technology, Winston's team has injected human genes directly into male piglets(猪仔), adding them to the animal's sperm(精子).
He said that pigs involved in experiments had successfully produced transgenic sperm, but acknowledged that British and European laws had prevented the team from using the pigs to mate.
The Sunday Times newspaper reported that the experiments would be moved to the United States following difficulties with funding and regulations in Britain. It said the pigs would be bred in Missouri.
"Our U.S. friends will benefit from our technology and the income we might have produced for Britain will be lost," Winston wrote.
Some scientists have previously blamed the idea of using animal organs for human transplant, saying the technique risks spreading animal viruses to humans. Winston said his research project is attempting to breed virus-free pigs.
1. Scientists are introducing human genes into the animals to ____________.
| A. make the organs healthier | B. reduce the pain of animals |
| C. make the organs live longer | D. reduce the chances of rejection |
2. Some scientists have blamed the idea of using animal organs for human transplant because ____________.
| A. the technique is not perfect now |
| B. humans may be infected with animal viruses |
| C. it is against laws and regulations |
| D. it may cause a conflict between humans and animals |
3. According to Winston, it seems ___________ to Britain to move the experiments to the United States.
| A. a pity | B. a pride | C. a disaster | D. a good idea |
4. It can be inferred from the passage that ____________.
| A. animal organs are commonly used for human transplant now |
| B. lots of patients need animal organ transplants now |
| C. examples of the animal tissues being rejected have happened |
| D. it is not safe to use animal organs for human transplant |
查看答案和解析>>
科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
We redheads are well known for our bad tempers. Now it seems there is scientific backing for our particular complaining as well.
Scientists in the United States studied a group of 144 dental patients almost half of whom had red hair. They found that the red-haired group were more sensitive to pain and as a result were twice as likely to avoid visiting the dentist.
Previous research had shown that redheads were more resistant to the effects of local anaesthesia(局部麻醉) than people with other hair colours.
The scientists say that this red-haired sensitivity to pain stems from the actions of a gene called MC1R. This is responsible for the production of melanin which gives skin and hair its colour. In about five percent of white people the gene is mutated(突变) leading to fair skin and red hair.
Researchers say there are some people with the gene in the brain and that this could affect pain sensitivity.
Professor Daniel Sessler from the Cleveland Clinic in the United States is one of the authors of the study. He says the research is a considerable scientific breakthrough.
"Red hair is the first phenotype(表现某一显性特征之生物个体或群体) of anaesthetic requirement in humans. And what I mean by phenotype is an external(外部的) characteristic.
"So suppuse you are walking down the street and you see someone who's a little older and a little younger - that tells you nothing about their anaesthetic requirement. You see a man and a woman - that tells you nothing about their anaesthetic requirement. But you see a redhead - aha! You know that person is going to require 20 percent more general anaesthesia."
From my own personal experience I would say that there is some merit to this idea. I have found that I have had to ask dentists for extra anaesthetic in the middle of procedures.
Some dentists argue that a greater sensitivity to pain might actually benefit redheads and drive them to see the dentist more quickly. In my own case I can prove that is definitely not true.
49. We learn from the text that red- haired group are _______________.
A. easily influenced by the sense of pain and need more anthaethetic reqiurement
B. usually more sensitive to some painful things
C. just well-known for their good temper and strong pain sensitivity
D. good-looking with fair skin and red hair
50. What do the scientists think this red-haired sensitivity to pain results from?
A. melanin which is responsible for the production which gives skin and hair its colour.
B. the mutated gene leading to fair skin and red hair
C. some persons with this gene in the brain
D. an external characteristic of a person.
51. According to Professor Daniel Sessler, the most amazing thing about the anaesthetic requirement in humans which can be judged by ______.
A. someone’s age and hair
B. someome’s gender and figure
C. someone’s teeth and the skills of the dentist
D. someone’s external charateristic
52. We can infer from the last two paragraphs that _____.
A . redheads need less anaesthetic in the operation
B. the results of this red-haired sensitivity to pain will be the same
C. the writer is a red-haired person
D. redheads have many benefits of being red-haired
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Dancing the night away
It is a measure of how little control I have over my own life that in middle March I am escorting（护送）a pretty young redhead to a debutante ball.（A formal presentation of young ladies when they reach the age of maturity. This was originally used in the past to introduce young ladies to society so that they could meet a possible marriage partner , so it was for the upper class, the nobility（贵族）and titled families. At a debutante ball, the expensively-dressed girls stand in a line to be introduced individually. Their fathers then walk them, arm-in-arm around the dance floor, followed by a waltz.）
"Daddy, you OK?" she asks.
"Never better," I lie.
"Good," she says, hugging my shoulder and giggling（咯咯笑）.
Generally, deb balls belong to the upper class, and that is decidedly not us. The other day, I was trying to figure out which to buy ― a garage door opener, or a DVD player. Both were broken, yet we could afford to replace only one. That's how "upper class" we are. We're more like "fixer upper class."
So it's a mystery how we ended up at this deb ball. Two mothers are checking for alcohol, making sure the debs aren't drinking.
Anyway, they won't let the dads eat dinner till we "present" the girls, which means we have to escort our daughters around the dance floor one by one, as the mistress（女主人）of ceremonies reads out the young lady's accomplishments.
"Trish plans to attend Stanford in the fall, where she will study molecular（分子）engineering in hopes of one day developing a way to help predict earthquakes."
On and on these introductions go. One girl hopes to grow food on Mars.
After the introductions we finally get to the Big Waltz. For the last month, the dads and daughters have all been taking lessons for the Big Waltz, under the direction of the widow（遗孀）of Otto von Bismarck. Fortunately, she is a people person.
"Forward, BACK!" she screamed, while teaching us to waltz.
Her gentle directions have worked miracles. Suddenly, on this big night, we are a well-organized team of 27 father-daughter dance pairs.
Honestly, waltzing is like math, in the sense that some people never get it.
The relative success of this Big Waltz comes as a huge relief to the mothers, who have been planning this ceremony for six years and have been a little tense lately.
In the end, everything turned out OK at the deb ball. The 27 dads developed into a fairly supportive fellowship. And the little red-haired girl? She hugged my shoulder and giggled happily, making it all ― the waltz lessons, the rental tuxedo（男士正式晚礼服）, the 14 years of coaching softball ― worth every awful-wonderful moment.
67. We know from the passage that at the debutant ball ________.
A. the mothers felt relieved after the ceremony began
B. well-dressed girls were introduced to their future husbands
C. the writer’s daughter, a red-haired girl, was the focus of attention
D. 27 father-daughter dance pairs presented a successful waltz show
68. By saying "it’s a mystery how we ended up at this deb ball" the writer suggests that _______.
A. as a member from the upper class he can attend the ball
B. it’s the first time for him to attend such a grand ceremony
C. the deb ball is usually held for rich families but his is not
D. many families want to attend the ball so it wasn’t easy for him to get in
69. According to the writer, waltzing is like math because ________.
A. both are not easy to learn
B. they are something you need a gift to learn well
C. the writer can not learn either waltzing or math well
D. girls from the upper class should learn either of them
70. The writer feels all his efforts were worthwhile because his daughter________.
A. really enjoyed the experience
B. was introduced into the upper class
C. showed her accomplishments at the ball
D. had a chance to meet a good marriage partner
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