Question

【题目】请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。

Why Do Smart People Do Foolish Things?

We all probably know someone who is intelligent but does surprisingly stupid things. What does it mean to be smart or intelligent? Our everyday use of the term is meant to describe someone who is knowledgeable and makes wise decisions, but this definition is at odds with how intelligence is traditionally measured. The most widely known measure of intelligence is the intelligence quotient, more commonly known as the IQ test, which includes visuospatial puzzles, math problems, pattern recognition, vocabulary questions and visual searches.

The advantages of being intelligent are undeniable. Intelligent people are more likely to get better grades and go farther in school. They are more likely to be successful at work. And they are less likely to get into trouble (for example, commit crimes) as adolescents.

Given all the advantages of intelligence, though, you may be surprised to learn that it does not predict other life outcomes, such as well-being. You might imagine that doing well in school or at work might lead to greater life satisfaction, but several large-scale studies have failed to find evidence that IQ impacts life satisfaction or longevity (长寿). Most intelligence tests fail to assess the extent of rational thinking, such as real-world decision-making and our ability to interact well with others. This is, in other words, perhaps why “smart” people do “dumb” things.

The ability to think critically, on the other hand, has been associated with wellness and longevity. Though often confused with intelligence, critical thinking is not intelligence. Critical thinking is a collection of cognitive (认知的) skills that allow us to think rationally (理性地) in a goal-orientated fashion and a disposition to use those skills when appropriate. Critical thinkers have self-confidence in their own abilities to reason. They possess great flexibility in requiring evidence to support their beliefs. Critical thinking means overcoming all kinds of cognitive biases (偏见).

Critical thinking predicts a wide range of life events. Researchers have found that critical thinkers experience fewer negative life events such as academic (“I forgot about an exam”), health (“I received HIV through unprotected sex”), legal (“I was arrested for driving under the influence”), interpersonal (“I cheated on my partner for more than a year”), financial (“I have over $5,000 of credit-card debt”), and so on.

Intelligence and improving intelligence are hot topics that receive a lot of attention. It is time for critical thinking to receive a little more of that attention. Reasoning and rationality more closely resemble what we mean when we say a person is smart rather than spatial skills and math ability. Furthermore, improving intelligence is difficult. Intelligence is largely determined by genetics. Critical thinking, though, can improve with training, and the benefits have been shown to continue over time. Anyone can improve their critical thinking skills. Doing so, we can say with certainty, is a smart thing to do.

Why Do Smart People Do Foolish Things?
Introduction	The defining term of intelligence in daily life 【1】largely from how it is traditionally measured.
The advantages of intelligence	●Intelligent people may have better academic and job 【2】. ●Intelligence may predict less trouble during adolescence.
【3】 for smart people doing foolish things	●Intelligent people don’t 【4】 enjoy greater life satisfaction or longevity. ●What most intelligence tests 【5】 are rational thinking skills like decision-making.
The importance of critical thinking	●Critical thinkers are more likely to be 【6】 in life and live longer. ●Critical thinkers are rational, self-confident, 【7】 and open-minded. ●Critical thinking is believed to be 【8】 with fewer negative life events.
Conclusion	We should 【9】 more on critical thinking than on intelligence, as intelligence is something, to a large extent, that one is 【10】 with while critical thinking can be trained and improved.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】differs

【2】performance

【3】Reasons

【4】necessarily

【5】miss/lack

【6】happier

【7】flexible

【8】associated/ linked/ connected/ concerned

【9】focus

【10】born

【解析】

本文是一篇议论文。智力更多的是与生俱来的，但是批判性思维后天是可以培养和提高的，因此，一些看上去很聪明的人在生活中也会做蠢事。

【1】

根据第一段中的Our everyday use of the term is meant to describe someone who is knowledgeable and makes wise decisions, but this definition is at odds with how intelligence is traditionally measured.(我们对这个词的日常使用是用来描述那些知识渊博、做出明智决定的人，但这个定义与传统上衡量智力的方式不一致)可知，日常生活中对智力的定义与传统的衡量方式有很大的不同。此处做谓语动词，且句子描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时，主语是单数概念，谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。故填differs。

【2】

根据第二段中的Intelligent people are more likely to get better grades and go farther in school. They are more likely to be successful at work.(聪明的人更有可能取得更好的成绩，在学业上更出色。他们更有可能在工作上取得成功)，可知，聪明的人可能有更好的学术和工作表现。名词performance“表现”。故填performance。

【3】

根据表格右侧内容可知，此处指聪明人做傻事的一些原因。应使用可数名词reason“原因”的复数形式，首字母大写。故填Reasons。

【4】

根据第三段中的You might imagine that doing well in school or at work might lead to greater life satisfaction, but several large-scale studies have failed to find evidence that IQ impacts life satisfaction or longevity (长寿).(你可能会认为，在学校或工作中表现好可能会带来更大的生活满意度，但一些大规模的研究并没有发现智商影响生活满意度或寿命的证据)可推知，聪明的人不一定对生活更满意或更长寿。此处使用副词necessarily“一定，必要地，必定地”修饰动词enjoy。故填necessarily。

【5】

根据第三段中的Most intelligence tests fail to assess the extent of rational thinking, such as real-world decision-making and our ability to interact well with others.(大多数智力测试都无法评估理性思维的程度，比如现实生活中的决策和我们与他人良好互动的能力)可知，大多数智力测试缺乏的是像决策这样的理性思考技能。此处使用动词miss/lack“错过/缺乏”，句子描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时，主语是复数概念，谓语动词应使用原形。故填miss/lack。

【6】

根据第四段中的The ability to think critically, on the other hand, has been associated with wellness and longevity. (另一方面，批判性思维的能力与健康和长寿有关)及空后and live longer可知，此处使用形容词比较级，意为“批判的思考者更有可能生活得更快乐，活得更久”。故填happier。

【7】

根据第四段中的They possess great flexibility in requiring evidence to support their beliefs.(他们在要求证据来支持他们的信念方面有很大的灵活性)可知，批判性思考者理性、自信、灵活、思想开放。此处使用形容词flexible“灵活的”。故填flexible。

【8】

根据第五段中的Researchers have found that critical thinkers experience fewer negative life events(研究人员发现，批判性思考者很少经历负面的生活事件)可知，批判性思维被认为与较少的负面生活事件有关。be associated/ linked/ connected/ concerned with“与……有关系”。故填associated/ linked/ connected/ concerned。

【9】

根据最后一段中的It is time for critical thinking to receive a little more of that attention.(现在是时候让批判性思维得到更多的关注了)可知，我们应该更多地关注批判性思维而不是智力。此处是短语：focus on“关注”，should后用动词原形。故填focus。

【10】

根据最后一段Intelligence is largely determined by genetics.(智力在很大程度上由基因决定)可知，智力在很大程度上是与生俱来的。此处是短语：be born with“天生具有，与生俱来”。故填born。