The future of agriculture must achieve several goals at the same time.
First, it now appears that we will have to double world food production in the next 40 years due to population growth, increasing meat consumption and pressure from biofuels (生物燃料). We will also have to reduce the environmental impacts from our farming practices, which have caused widespread damage to soils, ecosystems, waters and even the atmosphere. In fact, agriculture’s impacts are as bad as climate change as an environmental concern. Besides, we will have to improve food security for the world’s poor. While the Green Revolution of the 1960s made it possible to feed hundreds of millions more people than in earlier eras, the number of the under-nourished in the world has started to rise again. Finally, we will have to increase the recovering ability of agriculture from shocks. Today, our high-efficiency, globalized world has many benefits, but it is vulnerable (易受伤的) to destruction, whether from droughts, diseases or sudden price rises. We must start building better food systems to better keep us away from future shocks.
Currently, there are two models of agriculture: local and organic agriculture vs. globalized and industrialized agriculture. Each has been strongly supported and severely criticized, but neither of these models, standing alone, can fully meet our needs.
Organic agriculture teaches us important lessons about soils, nutrition and pest management. Unfortunately, organic food provides less than 1% of the world’s calories, mostly to the wealthy. It is hard to imagine organic farming developing to feed 9 billion. Globalized and industrialized agriculture has benefits of high output and low labor demands. Without it, billions of people would have starved. However, it has come with enormous environmental and social costs, which cannot be sustained.
Rather than voting for just one solution, we need a third way to solve the crisis. Let’s take ideas from both sides, creating new, hybrid solutions that increase production, save resources and build a more sustainable agriculture.
There are many promising avenues to pursue. A new “third way” for agriculture is not only possible but also necessary. Our problems are huge, and they will require everyone at the table, working together toward solutions.
53. How many goals of agriculture are mentioned in the passage?
A. Three B. Four C. Five D. Six
54. Which is true according to the passage?
A. Organic agriculture can feed most people in the world now.
B. Industrialized agriculture does no harm to our environment.
C. Modern farming is criticized while organic farming is not.
D. The future agriculture can’t only depend on organic agriculture.
55. We can learn from the passage that _______.
A. everyone can afford to enjoy organic food at will
B. we will vote to decide which farming system to take
C. the writer is quite optimistic about future agriculture
D. only experts can find a better agricultural solution
56. What’s the best title for the passage?
A. Organic Agriculture Vs. Industrialized Agriculture.
B. The Goals of Future Agriculture and Its Way Out.
C. A Third Possible and Necessary Way for Agriculture.
D. Modern Globalized and Industrialized Agriculture.
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优化作业上海科技文献出版社系列答案科目：高中英语 来源：2011-2012学年福建省四地六校高二下学期第三次月考英语试卷（带解析） 题型：完型填空
When I come across a good article in reading newspapers, I often want to cut and keep it．But just as I am about to do so, I find the article on the 36 side is as much interesting．It may be a discussion of the way to 37 in good health, or 38 about how to behave and conduct oneself in society．If I cut the front article, the opposite one is likely to 39 damage, leaving out half of it or keeping the text 40 the title．Therefore, the scissors would 41 before they start, 42 halfway done when I find out the 43 result．
Sometimes two things are to be done at the same time, both worth your 44 ．You can only take up one of them, the other has to wait or be 45 up．
But you know the future is unpredictable—the changed situation may not allow you to do what is left 46 ．Thus you are 47 in a difficult position and feel sad．How 48 that nice chances and brilliant ideas should gather around all at once? It may happen that your life 49 greatly on your preference of one choice to the other．
In fact that is what 50 is like: we are often 51 with the two opposite sides of a thing which are both desirable like a newspaper cutting．It often occurs that your attention is drawn to one thing only 52 we get into another．The 53 may be more important than the latter and give rise to divided mind．I 54 remember a philosopher's remarks: "When one door shuts, another opens in life．" So a casual 55 may not be a bad one．
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科目：高中英语 来源：湖北省黄冈市2010届高三下学期质量检测英语 题型：阅读理解
E
Windows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the window also provides heat. However, windows are not something people typically associate with being a cutting edge technology. Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between with a turn of a switch.
“It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is,” says Claes Granqvist, a professor of solid—state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden.“It’s contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well.” So, windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when they’re stuck indoors.
Yet, windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy and temperature control. In the winter, cold air leaks in. When it’s hot and sunny, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their air conditioners. Producing cold air, which can feel so refreshing, actually suck up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world.
Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating, glazing, and layering windows to make them more energy efficient. Smart windows go a step further. They use some technologies involving changes of color.
Electrochromic windows use electricity to change color. For example, a sheet of glass coated with thin layers(层) of tungsten oxide(氧化钨) works a bit like a battery. Tungsten oxide is clear when an electric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed, that is, when the amount of voltage(电压) is decreased, the window darkens until it’s completely dark after all electricity is taken away. So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or dark.
One important feature that makes a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of “memory”. All it takes is a small shock of voltage to turn the window from one state to the other. Then, it stays that way. Transitions take from 10 seconds to a few minutes, depending on the size of the window. The development of smart windows could mean that massive air conditioning systems may no longer need.“In the future,” Granqvist says,“our buildings may look different.”
67.Which statement does not indicate the importance of windows as described in the first two paragraphs?
A.Windows can change from clear to dark to save energy.
B.Windows help to save energy by letting light in.
C.Windows help to save energy by providing heat.
D.Windows enable people to have contact with the outside world.
68.According to the passage, smart windows are windows_______.
A.that are coated B.that use electricity
C.the color of which can be changed D.that have many layers
69.To make electrochromic windows change color, what is applied to the window glass?
A.Electricity. B.Tungsten oxide. C.A battery. D.A voltage.
70.What will be the benefit if the research on smart windows turns out to be successful?
A.The buildings will look different.
B.Windows can be as large as you want.
C.We may not need air conditioners any more.
D.They are less expensive than traditional windows.
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科目：高中英语 来源：重庆市西南师大附中09-10学年高二下学期期中考试（英语） 题型：阅读理解
Nanda sees a wearable computer as a handbag, one that’s built out of four-inch squares and triangles of fabric (织物), with tiny computer chips embedded (嵌入) in it. It looks, feels and weighs like your typical leather purse.
That’s where the similarities end: This bag can wirelessly keep track of your belongings and remind you, just as you’re about to leave the house, to take your wallet. It can review the weather report and suggest that you grab an umbrella. This purse can even upload your favorite songs onto your scarf (围巾).
Sure, a computing purse and scarf set may seem like the stuff of science fiction. But these devices (装置), part of next generation of wearable computers, could become common within a few years. DuPont created new super strong fibres that can conduct electricity and can be woven into ordinary-looking clothes. And the chipmaker developed chip packaging allowing wearable computers to be washed, even in the heavy-duty cycle.
As a result, these new wearable devices are different from the heavy and silly types of the recent past, which often required users to be wrapped in wires and type on their stomachs. Unlike the old types, these new wearable computers also make economic sense. When her bag becomes commercially available in two to three years, Nanda expects it will cost around $150, which is the price of an average leather purse.
Here’s how the bag works: You place a special radio-signal-transmitting chip onto your wallet. A similar radio in your purse picks up the signal and notifies you that you’ve forgotten to take your wallet. In turn, sensors on your purse’s handles will inform the computer that you’ve picked up the purse and are ready to go.
Already, these new kinds of wearable devices are applied in markets like auto repair, emergency services, medical monitoring-and even, increasingly, for consumers at large. Indeed, more people will want to cross that bridge in the coming years—making for a booming market for wearable computers that don’t look like something out of science fiction.
72. Which of the following describes a wearable computer?
A．It can be washed in washing machines.
B．It is much heavier than a leather purse.
C．It can download songs from the Internet.
D．It is made of clothes conducting electricity.
73. According to the passage, the new wearable computers .
A．require users to operate on the stomach
B．pick up the signals through wires and chips
C．are being put to use in some different areas now
D．are smarter but more expensive than the old ones
74. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?
A．The new wearable computers have become fashionable.
B．People would like to learn more about the new computers.
C．The idea of the purse-like computers comes from science fiction.
D．New wearable computers promise to sell well in the future.
75. The purpose of the passage is .
A．to introduce a new kind of computer
B．to explain the functions of computers
C．to compare different types of computers
D．to show how high technology affects our life
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科目：高中英语 来源：2010年江苏省启东中学高一下学期期中考试英语 题型：阅读理解
Fatimah Bamun dropped out of Balizenda Primary School in the first grade, when her father refused to buy her pencils and paper. Only after her teachers said to him that his daughter showed unusual promise(有希望) did he change his mind. Today, Fatimah, 14, tall and slender, studies math in a dirt-floored fourth-grade classroom.
Whether she will reach the fifth grade is another matter. Fatimah is facing the realities of a school with no toilet, no water, no hope of privacy (隐私) other than the shadow of a bush, and no girlfriends with whom to share feelings. Fatimah is the only girl of the 23 students in her class. In fact, in a school of 178 students, she is one of the only three girls who have made it past the third grade.
“I have no friend in the class,” she said. “Most of my friends have dropped out to get married. So during the break, I just sit in the classroom and read.”
Her father, however, now says he is fully behind her. “The people from the government are all the time telling us to send our daughters to school, and I am listening to these people,” he said.
But in many cases, parents don’t listen. Parents think that if the girls stay home, they can help with the harvesting, fetch the water and collect the firewood. So they take them out of school.
In a region where poverty, tradition and ignorance make about 24 million girls not even have an elementary school education. There are many other barriers (障碍) that prevent girls going to school, such as the lack of school toilets and water.
The issue is not only equality. The World Bank thinks that if women in sub-Saharan Africa had equal education, land and other wealth, the region’s economy could improve greatly. There is a connection between growth in Africa and sex equality. It is of great importance but still ignored by so many people.
【小题1】The author’s purpose in writing the passage is to _______.
| A．find the cause of Africa’s poverty |
| B．describe the poor education conditions of African girls |
| C．prove the inequality in African society |
| D．reform the present schooling systems in Africa |
| A．Fatimah is a girl who shows signs of success for the future. |
| B．Fatimah’s father is now giving a lot of support to her. |
| C．Fatimah is the only girl who has made it past the fifth grade in her school. |
| D．Fatimah has no friends at school because they most of them have dropped out to get married. |
| A．most African girls are treated equally in society |
| B．African governments don’t care whether girls go to school or not |
| C．most African girls would rather get married than go to school |
| D．African girls can’t enjoy equal chances for education |
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科目：高中英语 来源：湖南澧县一中2010届高三英语综合考练（一） 题型：阅读理解
What will man be like in the future — in 5,000 or even 50,000 years from now? We can only make guesses, of course, but we can be sure that he will be different from what he is today, for man is slowly changing all the time.
Let us take an obvious example. Man, even five hundred years ago, was shorter than he is today. Now, on average, men are about three inches taller. Five hundred years is a relatively short period of time, so we may assume that man will continue to grow taller. Again in the modern world we use our brains a great deal. Even so, we still make use of only about 20% of the brain’s capacity (容量). As time goes on, however, we shall have to use our brains more and more, and eventually we shall need larger ones! This is likely to bring about a physical change too: the head, in particular the forehead, will grow larger.
Nowadays our eyes are in constant use. In fact, we use them so much that very often they become weaker and we have to wear glasses. But over a very long period of time it is likely that man’s eyes will grow stronger.
On the other hand, we tend to make less use of our arms and legs. These, as a result, are likely to grow weaker. At the same time, however, our fingers will grow more sensitive because they are used a great deal in modern life.
But what about hair? This will probably disappear from the body altogether in course of time because it does not serve a useful purpose any longer. In the future, then, both sexes are likely to be bald.
Perhaps all this gives the impression that future man will not be a very attractive creature to look at! This may well be true. All the same, in spite of all these changes, future man will still have a lot in common with us. He will still be a human being, with thoughts and emotions similar to our own.
56. The size of man’s forehead will probably grow bigger because _______.
A. he will use his brain more and more as time goes on
B. he makes use only 20% of the brain’s capacity
C. his brain has grown larger over the past centuries
D. the other 80% of his brain will grow in due time
57. What serves as the evidence that man is changing?
A. Man has got stronger eyes now than he ever had.
B. Man has been growing taller over the past 500 years.
C. Man’s hair is getting thinner and thinner.
D. Man’s arms and legs have become lighter and weaker.
58. What will be true about a human being in the future?
A. He will be hairless because hair is no longer useful.
B. He will have smaller eyes and will wear better glasses.
C. His fingers will grow weaker because he won’t have to make use of them.
D. He will think and feel in a different way.
59. It is implied that __________________.
A. human beings will become more attractive in the future
B. body organs will become poorer if they are not used often
C. human beings hope for a change in the future life
D. future life is always predictable
60. The passage mainly tells us that _______________.
A. man’s life will be different in the future B. man is growing taller and uglier as time passes
C. future man will look quite different from us
D. human beings’ organs will function weaker
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