Question

About a third of all common cancers in the United States, China and Britain could be prevented each year if people ate healthier food, drank less alcohol and exercised more, health experts said on Friday.

    Reports from the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) suggest that making simple lifestyle changes could prevent some 40 percent of breast cancers alone in Britain and the United States, as well as tens of thousands of stomach cancers.

    “Even in 2011, people are dying unnecessarily from cancers that could be prevented through keeping a healthy weight, diet, physical activity and other lifestyle factors,” said a WCRF medical and scientific adviser.

    WCRF findings are supported by World Health Organization (WHO) reports, which say regular exercise can prevent many diseases such as cancers and heart diseases.

    Cancer is a leading cause of death around the world and its incidence(发病率) is rising. Each year around 12.7 million people discover they have cancer and 7.6 million people die from some form of the disease. There are about 200 known types of cancer.

    Rachel Thompson, the WCRF’s head of science, said that while the message was simple — that not smoking, eating good food and being a healthy weight can help ward off many cancers — it was still a difficult one to get across.

    The WHO says adults should do at least 150 minutes of exercise a week. This could be done by walking for 30 minutes five times per week or by cycling to work every day.

    Peter Baldini, head of the World Lung Foundation, also called on all governments to introduce smoke-free laws and raise the price of cigarettes. Tobacco kills millions of smokers every year, and tobacco-related lung cancers also kill hundreds of thousands of people who don’t smoke but have been exposed to it second-hand.

    “There isn’t a magic bullet to cure all forms of cancer, but we have the opportunity and the duty to protect people from developing cancer wherever possible,” Baldini said.

1.Which of the following words can best take the place of the phrase “ward off” in the sixth paragraph?

A. protect    B. prevent    C. develop    D. cure。

2.Which of the following statements is Not true according to the text?

A. Exercising and eating healthily can help to reduce cancer risk.

B. Each year about 12.7 million people are diagnosed with cancer around the world.

C. Every year millions of people die from smoking and lung cancers.

D. Adults should walk for fifty minutes three times per week.

3.Which of the following can be the best title of this text?

A. Simple life changes could stop millions of cancers

B. Cancer is a leading cause of death

C. Our bad lifestyle caused many diseases

D. The incidence of common cancers is rising

4.By writing the passage, the author mainly intends to ____.

A. advise people to develop healthier lifestyle.

B. warn people of the danger of cancers

C. explain why many people die from cancers every year.

D. introduce the ways to protect people from developing cancers

5.We can infer from Peter Baldini’s opinion in the last two paragraphs that ____.

A. all the lung cancers are linked to smoking 

B. there is no medicine to cure the cancers but it’s our duty to find one

C. all governments should take measures to control smokers and protect people’s health

D. it’s our opportunity and duty to persuade people to give up smoking

 

Answer 1

【答案】

 

1.B

2.D

3.A

4.A

5.C

【解析】

试题分析：生活方式的改变可以避免癌症的发生，在本文中作者指出如果人们吃健康食品，少饮酒，多运动就会避免三分之一的癌症发生。此外还用一些数据来证实了健康生活方式的重要性，并且呼吁政府部门要制定法律来避免人们受香烟的危害，给人们一个健康的生活空间。

1.B词义猜测题。根据文章第三段people are dying unnecessarily from cancers that could be prevented through keeping a healthy weight, diet, physical activity and other lifestyle factors,以及常识可以推断健康的生活方式能够避免癌症的发生，所以推断ward off 是“防止、避免”的意思，答案选B。

2.D细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段The WHO says adults should do at least 150 minutes ….. 30 minutes five times per week or by cycling to work every day.可知成年人每周150分钟的锻炼可以每周进行五次时间为30分钟的步行或者骑自行车，不一定必须是每周三次为时50分钟的步行，所以D选项内容错误。

3.A主旨大意题。文章开头提出如果人们吃健康食品，少饮酒多运动就会避免三分之一的癌症发生，然后下文均围绕生活方式的改变会避免癌症的发生来展开行文，由此可知A选项内容能概括文章中心，所以答案选A。

4.A推理判断题。文章开头提出生活方式的改变可以避免癌症的发生，然后通过引用Rachel Thompson的话来证实健康生活方式的重要性以及呼吁政府部门要制定法律控制吸烟给人们带来的危害，让人们可以过更健康的生活，由此可知文章的目的就是建议人们养成健康的生活方式，避免癌症的发生，故答案选A。

5.C推理判断题。根据called on all governments to introduce smoke-free laws and raise the price of cigarettes. 和Tobacco kills millions of smokers every yea可知他认为政府要采取措施保护人们健康，远离香烟的危害，故C为正确选项。

考点：考查生活健康类短文阅读。