19.Once upon a time,staying a healthy weight was easy.To lose weight you simply had to practise the reverse of home economics--spend more than you earned.Unfortunately for many,but perhaps not surprisingly,it turns out that people are rather more complicated than bank accounts.
To stay a healthy weight,you need a hormone(荷尔蒙)called lepton to work properly.It sends"I'm full"messages from the fat cells up to the brain,where they go,among other places,to the same pleasure centers that respond to drugs like cocaine.Fat people produce plenty of lepton,but the brain doesn.t seem to respond to it properly.Last year researchers at the Oregon Research Institute scanned the brains of overweight people and found their reward circuit(线路) were underactive.They were eating more to try to get the enjoyment they were missing.
There's a lot of evidence for the fact that most,if not all,of us have a set point around which our weight can vary by about seven to nine kilos,but anything beyond that is a real struggle.Making changes is hard,particularly if your body is working against you.So why not reject the traditional approaches and try some new method,based on the latest research,that work with your body rather than against it.
Several years ago researchers at the National Institute on Aging in Baltimore reported that when they gave rats very little food one day and allowed them to eat plenty the next,they showed virtually all the benefits of a permanent calorie restriction diet.The same goes for humans,according to Dr.James Johnson.
How does it work?Besides forcing the body to burn fat,it may also cause hormonal changes.Most people say that the diet takes a bit of getting used to,but is not as grinding as trying to cut back on an everyday basis.
Older dieters may remember something called brown fat.Unlike the undesirable white stuff; this was a dieter's dream.Instead of storing excess energy as fat,brown-fat tissue burned it off to keep you warm-at least in mice.Brown fat fell out of favor because researchers couldn't find much in humans but now,thanks to the New England journal of Medicine,it's back in fashion.The idea is to expose people to cold temperatures.They then make more brown fat and their weight drops.
74.According to the findings of the Oregon Research Institute,A
A.Overweight people get less pleasure from eating the same amount.
B.Overweight people enjoy eating more than the others do
C.People will become overweight if they eat more than they need
D.People are more likely to be overweight if they produce less leptin
75.The method used by the National Institute On Aging can be summarized as"C"
A.No diet at all B.Diet on a daily basis
C.Diet every other day D.Diet permanently
76.The word"grinding"in the paragraph 5is closest in meaning toD
A.Effective B.Realistic C.Unreliable D.Miserable
77.What is the passage mainly about?B
A.Comparing the various ways of cutting calories
B.Recommending new methods of losing weight
C.Pointing out the misconceptions of losing weight
D.Clarifying the common myth about weight loss.
分析 本文是一篇说明文阅读,主要介绍了减肥的新方法.为了保持健康的体重,我们可以拒绝传统的方法,尝试一些新的方法.研究人员表示,永久限制热量饮食可以使身体燃烧脂肪和导致荷尔蒙的变化.
解答 74.A 细节推断题.根据第二段They were eating more to try to get the enjoyment they were missing.可知他们吃很多为了得到他们正在失去的愉悦,由此推断和吃的相同的人比,胖人收获的快乐更少.故选A.
75.C 句意理解题.根据第四段when they gave rats very little food one day and allowed them to eat plenty the next,they showed virtually all the benefits of a permanent calorie restriction diet.可知他们给老鼠一天很少的食物,让它们在下一天吃大量的食物,由此推断被国家老年研究所利用的方法是"隔天进食".故选C.
76.D 词意判断题.根据第五段Most people say that the diet takes a bit of getting used to,but is not as grinding as trying to cut back on an everyday basis.可知大多数人说饮食需要慢慢地习惯,而不是像削减日常的基础那样痛苦折磨自己.而D选项"Miserable"的意思是"悲惨的".故选D.
77.B 主旨大意题.本文主要讲述了为了保持健康的体重,我们可以尝试一些新的方法.文章向我们推荐了新的方法.故选B.
点评 本文考察学生的理解推断能力,抓住文章的关键词,采用寻读的方法查找细节,能根据已知的结果推测导致结果的可能原因.