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    【题目】阅读下列句子，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。

    【1】The mother ___________(upset) to find her daughter hadn’t come back yet.

    【2】While __________(wait) for the bus, I found a poster on the wall.

    【3】The student got up so late that she had to go to class __________ breakfast.

    【4】It is the first time that he __________(climb) a mountain alone.

    【5】The teacher was angry because the boy broke the glass __________ purpose.

    【6】He kept regular exercise and his health was improved __________(gradual).

    【7】Discuss in groups and tell _________ use the people make of the river.

    【8】They met in an old house_________ roof had been damaged by the storm.

    【9】Many people think that the British speak the standard English. _________, it is not the fact.

    【10】Most people prefer traveling to other places to __________(stay) at home.

    【11】This is the very book ______ has good maps showing details of world geography.

    【12】The two men talked happily __________ if they were close friends.

    【13】Many houses ________(destroy) and the people didn’t know where to stay for the night.

    【14】His friend wrote an e-mail to express her __________(congratulation) on his success.

    【15】After __________(graduate) from college, they found time to carry out their traveling plan.

    【答案】

    【1】was upset

    【2】waiting

    【3】without

    【4】has climbed

    【5】on

    【6】gradually

    【7】what

    【8】whose

    【9】However

    【10】staying

    【11】that

    【12】as

    【13】were destroyed

    【14】congratulations

    【15】graduating

    【解析】

    【1】考查时态和形容词。句意：母亲发现女儿还没回来，很不安。upset是形容词，意为“难过的，不安的”；分析句子结构，此处应该是句子的谓语，用be upset构成“系表结构”；根据句子后半句的时态hadn’t come back可知，是叙述过去的情况，因此用一般过去时；主语the mother是单数，故填was upset。

    【2】考查非谓语动词。句意：在等公共汽车的时候，我在墙上发现了一张海报。wait和其逻辑主语也就是句子的主语I之间是主动关系；根据句意，应为“while I was waiting for the bus”, 因此用现在分词。故填waiting。

    【3】考查介词。句意：这个学生起得太晚了，以至于她不得不没吃早饭就去上课。根据句意，应为“没吃早饭就去上课”；without 是介词，意为“没有”。故填without。

    【4】考查时态。句意：这是他第一次独自去爬山。固定句式It is the first / second time that…意为“这是第一/二次做…”，that后的从句要用现在完成时；从句的主语是he，谓语动词用单数。故填has climbed。

    【5】考查固定短语。句意：老师很生气，因为那个男孩故意打破了玻璃。短语on purpose 意为“故意地”，故填on。

    【6】考查副词。句意：他经常锻炼身体，健康状况逐渐好转。修饰谓语动词was improved，应用副词，故填gradually。

    【7】考查从属连词。句意：分组讨论，然后说出人们是如何利用这条河流的。分析句子结构，所填词是tell后宾语从句的引导词；短语make use of “利用”；此处填what 引导宾语从句，在从句中作定语，意为“什么”；“what use the people make of the river”意为“人们利用这条河的什么用途”。故填what。

    【8】考查定语从句。句意：他们在一所旧房子里相遇，房子的屋顶被暴风雨破坏了。分析句子结构，空格后是定语从句，先行词是an old house，根据句意，应为“the roof of the house”，因此用whose引导定语从句，在从句中作定语，意为“……的”。故填whose。

    【9】考查连词。句意：许多人认为英国人说的是标准英语。然而，事实不是这样的。根据句意，前一句说“很多人认为…”，后一句说“事实不是这样的”，前后是转折关系；空格后有逗号，因此用however表示转折。故填However。

    【10】考查非谓语动词。句意：大多数人喜欢去其他地方旅行，而不是呆在家里。短语prefer …to...“喜欢…而不喜欢，宁愿…而不愿”，后面接并列结构，前面prefer后是动名词，因此to后也应是动名词，故填staying。

    【11】考查定语从句。句意：这就是那本书，里面有很好的地图，可以显示世界地理的细节。在定语从句中先行词被the very 修饰时，在从句中作主语，用that引导定语从句。故填that。

    【12】考查状语从句。句意：这两个人愉快地交谈，好像他们是亲密的朋友。根据句意，此处用as if 引导方式状语从句，意为“好像”。 故填as。

    【13】考查时态和语态。句意：许多房屋被毁，人们不知道在哪里过夜。句子主语many houses和destroy之间构成动宾关系，应用被动语态；根据后半句的时态didn’t know可知是叙述过去的事情，因此用一般过去时的被动语态；主语many houses是复数，故填were destroyed。

    【14】考查名词。句意：他的朋友写了一封电子邮件来表达对他成功的祝贺。名词congratulation表示“祝贺”，通常用复数形式；短语congratulations（to sb. ） on …“ 祝贺（某人）….”。故填congratulations。

    【15】考查非谓语动词。句意：大学毕业后，他们找出时间去完成他们的旅行计划。graduate和其逻辑主语也就是句子的主语they之间是主动关系；根据句意，应为“After they graduated from college”，因此用现在分词。故填graduating。

    状语从句的省略

    1.当从句的主语是it, 且谓语动词是be或包含be的某种形式时, it和be常可同时省略。如:
    　If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.如果可能的话,他会帮你摆脱困境。
    　You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you.除非情况对你来说不方便,否则你必须出席这次会议。

    2.当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，从句可以省略主语；如果从句的谓语动词和主句的主语之间为主动关系，用现在分词；如果从句的谓语动词和主句的主语之间为被动关系，用过去分词。如：

    After taking the medicine, she felt much better. (=After she took the medicine,…)

    吃下药之后她感觉好多了。

    When asked why he was late, he said he missed the train.( =When he was asked why he was late,…)

    当问他为什么迟到时，他说他错过了火车。

    如本题第10小题，从句的动词graduate的逻辑主语和句子的主语一致，并且和句子主语they之间是主动关系，因此状语从句的省略形式用现在分词。

    3.当从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，若从句的谓语动词是系动词be或包含be的某种形式，此时从句的主语和be动词通常可以一同省略。如:
    （1）连词+形容词
    Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.她有空就去逛商店。

    She hurried out of the room, as if (she was) angry. 她匆忙地出了房间，好像很生气的样子。

    （2）连词+名词
    He could write poems when (he was) yet a child. 他还是个孩子的时候就会写诗了。

    （3）连词+现在分词
    　While (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。
    　The boy is running impatiently here and there as if (he is) searching for somethng lost on the sports ground.这男孩很不耐烦地在操场上到处跑着，好像在找什么东西。

    （4）连词+过去分词

    Unless (he was ) asked, he wouldn’t tell the truth. 除非问他，否则他不会说实话的。

    （5）连词+不定式
    He stood up as if (he were) to say something.当时他站起来好像要说什么。

    He wouldn't solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge.即使他来负责,他也解决不了这个问题。

    （6）连词+介词短语
    She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻烦。

    He came across one of his friends while (he was) on a visit to New York. 当他去纽约的时候，他偶然遇到一个朋友。

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