While some scientists overlook the existence of a sixth sense for danger, a new research from Washington University in St. Louis has discovered a brain area that clearly acts as an early warning system and helps us adjust our behavior to avoid dangerous situations.
"Our brains are better at picking up not obvious warning signs than we previously thought," said Joshua Brown, a PhD in psychology in the issue of the journal Science.
The findings offer exact scientific evidence for a new way to form a concept of the complex control processes taking place in and around the ACC, a brain area located near the top of the frontal lobes(耳垂) and along the walls that divide the left and right hemispheres(大脑半球).
"In the past, we found activity in the ACC when people had to make a difficult decision, or after they make a mistake," Brown said. "But now we find that this brain area can actually learn to recognize when you might make a mistake, even before a difficult decision has to be made. So the ACC appears to act as an early warning system—— it learns to warn us in advance when our behavior might lead to a negative outcome, so that we can be more careful and avoid making a mistake."
By providing a clearer picture by which we self monitor and control our behavior, the study is an important step in efforts to develop more effective treatments for mental illnesses. It also provides a new way of understanding inappropriate behaviors that often accompany mental illnesses.
"Our results suggest how injury of the ACC can lead to breakdowns in the early warning system, so that the brain fails to stop or control inappropriate behavior ahead of time," said Brown. "On the other hand, in those persons with mental disorder, the ACC might warn us of an upcoming problem even when no problem is in the existence."
Known to be an important part of the brain's control system, the ACC is believed to help adjust between cold, hard, fact-based reasoning and emotional responses, such as love, fear or expectation.
1.According to the passage, the ACC____________.
A. refers to the sixth sense for danger
B. deals with obvious warning situations
C. connects the left and right hemispheres
D. sends warning messages in advance
2.The new research is beneficial because it ________ .
A. provides a new way of avoiding mistakes
B. adjusts emotional responses in time of danger
C. helps find better treatments for mental illnesses
D. assists people in predicting and avoiding danger
3.The new research helps us understand _________.
A. why we are likely to make mistakes when the ACC is badly injured
B. why people with illnesses usually have so many strange behaviors
C. how the ACC works when something dangerous happens
D. how our brain warns us of failure in advance
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课课通课程标准思维方法与能力训练系列答案科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年福建厦门双十中学高二上学期期中英语试卷（解析版） 题型：完形填空
阅读下面短文, 从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Cody was an outgoing black dog with a big tail. Our dog Tasha was a similar spirit. she shared the yard with Cody, they soon became fast friends.
We often saw a ball of black and white fur as they neck and neck toward some unlucky bird that had just landed in the yard. The only time I saw any between them was when we fed Tasha. Cody would jump up, to share. However, Tasha would bare her teeth and shout . Finally, Cody would slip away with his tail between her legs.
One day my husband came home quite . He had just found Cody by the side of the road, killed by a speeding truck. Tasha cleaned Cody’s smooth fur with her nose and mouth and whined(哀鸣). Over the next few weeks, Tasha was in low with her tail between her legs. She missed her old friend.
At the same time, Tasha’s food dish disappeared. We replaced it with another, to have that one disappear as well. There bowls, plates, even an old coffee can. They all disappeared. Finally, the was solved when our neighbor knocked on our door, her arms loaded with the missing dishes, some still half-full of dog .
“Are these yours?” she asked. “I saw Tasha headed toward the , so I followed her. Then I noticed all these dishes in a pile.”
, I asked, “Where were they?”
“It was right by the place where Cody .”
Could Tasha have been begging her old friend back by offering him the one thing she to give him when he was alive?
Even today, the story makes me feel sad. It me that I need to share whatever blessings I’ve received with others — before it’s too late.
1.A. Because B. While C. If D. Until
2.A. rolled B. stepped C. raced D. jumped
3.A. memory B. conflict C. scene D. communication
4.A. expecting B. promising C. pretending D. agreeing
5.A. properly B. clearly C. anxiously D. warningly
6.A. angry B. happy C. upset D. pleased
7.A. lying B. running C. wandering D. barking
8.A. white B. black C. yellow D. red
9.A. spirit B. belief C. determination D. strength
10.A. frequently B. gradually C. obviously D. entirely
11.A. even B. only C. never D. not
12.A. arrived B. supported C. covered D. followed
13.A. question B. problem C. difficulty D. mystery
14.A. hair B. food C. bones D. legs
15.A. yard B. house C. street D. road
16.A. Worried B. Frightened C. Puzzled D. Excited
17.A. ate B. played C. slept D. died
18.A. doubted B. decided C. refused D. desired
19.A. rewriting B. retelling C. hearing D. missing
20.A. reminds B. gathers C. allows D. informs
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年吉林实验中学高二上学期期末英语试卷（解析版） 题型：单项填空
One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain _____ good knowledge of basic word information.
A. 不填 B. a C. the D. one
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年吉林松原油田高中高一上学期期末英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
It was one of the hottest days of the dry season. We had not seen rain in almost a month. The crops were dying. Cows had stopped giving milk. The streams were long gone back into the earth. If we didn't see some rain soon we would lose everything.
I was in the kitchen making lunch for my husband and his brothers when I saw my six-year old son, Billy, walking toward the woods. He was obviously walking with a great effort... trying to be as still as possible. Minutes after he disappeared into the woods, he came running out again, toward the house.
Moments later, however, he was once again walking in that slow purposeful long step toward the woods. This activity went on for over an hour: walking cautiously to the woods, then running back to the house. Finally, my curiosity got the best of me. I crept out of the house and followed him on his journey.
He was cupping both hands in front of him as he walked; being very careful not to spill the water he held in them. Branches and thorns slapped his little face but he did not try to avoid them. He had a much greater purpose. As I leaned in to spy on him, I saw the most amazing site.
Several large deer appeared threatening in front of him. But Billy walked right up to them. I almost screamed for him to get away. And I saw a baby deer lying on the ground, obviously suffering from heavy loss of water and heat exhaustion, lift its head with great effort to lap up the water cupped in my beautiful boy's hand.
I stood on the edge of the woods watching the most beautiful heart I have ever known working so hard to save a life. As the tears that rolled down my face began to hit the ground, they were suddenly joined by other drops... and more drops... and more. I looked up at the sky. It was as if God, Himself, was weeping with pride.
1.Why did the author follow her son?
A. Because there might be danger.
B. Because her son was doing a good deed.
C. Because she was curious.
D. Because she intended to help.
2.Which of the following statements is Not True according to the passage?
A. Rain was in great need.
B. Billy carried water with his small hands.
C. Billy walked into the woods and then returned over and over again.
D. There were few trees in the woods.
3.Which is the correct order of the development of the story?
① The author was moved to tears.
② Billy fed the water to the baby deer.
③ Billy walked towards the large deer.
④ It began to rain.
⑤ The author followed Billy into the woods.
A. ⑤③②①④ B. ③②⑤①④
C. ④①③②⑤ D. ⑤②①③④
4. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. Importance of water B. The water of life
C. How to save animals D. Animals in danger
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016届甘肃兰州第一中学高三12月月考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：书面表达
书面表达
下面的饼状图反映了某校高中生课余活动调查结果，请根据图表信息一篇100字左右的作文。第一段已给出。
The pie chart reveals the survey result concerning the after-school activities the high school students prefer.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016届湖南师大附中高三上学期月考四英语试卷（解析版） 题型：完形填空
完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
After giving a talk at a high school, I was asked to pay a visit to a special student. An__________had kept the boy home, but he had expressed an interest in meeting me. I was told it would mean a great ____________ to him, so I agreed.
During the nine?mile drive to his home, I found out something about Matthew. He had muscular dystrophy(肌肉萎缩症). When he was born, the doctor told his parents that he would not live to five, and then they were told he would not___________it to ten. Now he was thirteen. He wanted to meet me___________I was a gold?medal power lifter, and I knew about____________obstacles and struggling to achieve my dreams.
I spent over an hour talking to Matthew. Never once did he ___________ or ask, “Why__________？” He spoke about winning and succeeding and achieving his dreams.____________， he knew what he was talking about. He didn't mention that his classmates had___________him because he was different. He just talked about his___________for the future, and how one day he wanted to lift weights with me.
When we had finished talking, I went to my briefcase and___________out the first gold medal I had won and put it around his___________. I told him he was more of a ___________ and knew more about success and conquering difficulties than I ever would. He looked at it for a moment, then took it__________and handed it back to me. He said, “You are a champion. You____________ that medal. Someday when I get to the Olympics and win my own medal, I will show it to you.” Last summer I received a ________ from Matthew's parents telling me that Matthew had___________away. They wanted me to have a letter he had written to me a few days before:
Dear Dick，
My mum said I should send you a thank?you letter for the picture you sent me. I also want to let you know that the doctors tell me that I don't have a__________time to live any more, but I still smile as much as I can.
I told you someday that I would go to the Olympics and win a gold medal, but I know now I will never get to do that.__________， I know I'm a champion, and God knows that too. When I get to Heaven, God will give me my____________and when you get there, I will show it to you. Thank you for loving me.
Your friend，
Matthew
1.A. order B. illness C. instruction D. idea
2.A. desire B. conscience C. deal D. intention
3.A. manage B. rid C. survive D. make
4.A. because B. until C. before D. though
5.A. overcoming B. overlooking C. overtaking D. overflowing
6.A. explain B. laugh C. panic D. complain
7.A. you B. us C. me D. it
8.A. Strangely B. Obviously C. Abruptly D. Occasionally
9.A. made use of B. made notes of C. made fun of D. made out of
10.A. hopes B. fears C. standards D. illusions
11.A. carried B. pulled C. sucked D. wiped
12.A. hand B. arm C. head D. neck
13.A. life?winner B. fortune?teller C. trouble?maker D. fate?challenger
14.A. in B. off C. out D. over
15.A. regained B. matched C. lost D. deserved
16.A. card B. gift C. prize D. letter
17.A. given B. passed C. faded D. run
18.A. ripe B. flexible C. long D. good
19.A. However B. But C. Thus D. Therefore
20.A. certificate B. opportunity C. picture D. medal
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年甘肃会宁第一中学高二上期末英语试卷（解析版） 题型：完形填空
完型填空
I grew up in a community called Estepona. I was 16 when one morning, Dad told me I could drive him into a ________ village called Mijas, on condition that I took the car in to be________ at a nearby garage(修理站). I readily accepted. I drove Dad into Mijas, and ________to pick him up at 4 pm, then dropped off the car at the ________ . With several hours to spare, I went to a theater. ________ ,when the last movie finished, it was six. I was two hours late!
I knew Dad would be angry if he ________I'd been watching movies. So I decided not to tell him the truth. When I ________ there I apologized for being late, and told him I'd ________ as quickly as I could, but that the car had needed some major repairs. I'll never forget the ________ he gave me.
"I’m disappointed you ________ you have to lie to me, Jason." Dad looked at me again. "When you didn't ________ , I called the garage to ask if there were any ________ , and they told me you hadn't yet picked up the car." I felt ________ as I weakly told him the real reason. A ________ passed through Dad as he listened attentively. "I'm angry with ________ . I realize I've failed as a father. I'm going to walk home now and think seriously about ________ I've gone wrong all these years." "But Dad, it's 18 miles!" My protests and apologies were________ . Dad walked home that day. I drove behind him, ________ him all the way, but he walked silently.
Seeing Dad in so much ________and emotional pain was my most painful experience. However, it was ________ the most successful lesson. I have never lied since.
1.A. lonely B. small C. distant D. familiar
2.A. kept B. washed C. watched D. serviced
3.A. agreed B. planned C. determined D. promised
4.A. village B. community C. garage D. theater
5.A. However B. Then C. Therefore D. Still
6.A. realized B. found out C. thought D. figured out
7.A. went B. ran C. walked D. hurried
8.A. started B. left C. arrived D. come
9.A. word B. face C. look D. appearance
10.A. find B. decide C. believe D. feel
11.A. turn up B. drive out C. go away D. come out
12.A. questions B. problems C. mistakes D. faults
13.A. ashamed B. frightened C. nervous D. surprised
14.A. nervousness B. sadness C. silence D. thought
15.A. you B. myself C. me D. yourself
16.A. where B. how C. why D. when
17.A. meaningless B. useless C. helpless D. worthless
18.A. asking B. persuading C. begging D. following
19.A. physical B. practical C. personal D. natural
20.A. indeed B. always C. also D. almost
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科目：高中英语 来源：2014-2015学年广西武鸣县高级中学高三2月一模考试英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
Samuel Osmond is a 19-year-old law student from Cornwall, England. He never studied the piano. However, he can play very difficult musical pieces by musicians such as Chopin and Beethoven just a few minutes after he hears them. He learns a piece of music by listening to it in parts. Then he thinks about the notes in his head. Two years ago, he played his first piece Moonlight Sonata（奏鸣曲）by Beethoven. He surprised everyone around him.
Amazed that he remembered this long and difficult piece of music and played it perfectly, his teachers say Samuel is unbelievable .They say his ability is very rare, but Samuel doesn’t even realize that what he can do is special. Samuel wanted to become a lawyer as it was the wish of his parents, but music teachers told him he should study music instead. Now, he studies law and music.
Samuel can’t understand why everyone is so surprised. “I grew up with music. My mother played the piano and my father played the guitar. About two years ago, I suddenly decided to start playing the piano, without being able to read music and without having any lessons. It comes easily to me ---I hear the notes and can bear them in mind---each and every note,” says Samuel.
Recently, Samuel performed a piece during a special event at his college. The piece had more than a thousand notes. The audience was impressed by his amazing performance. He is now learning a piece that is so difficult that many professional pianists can’t play it. Samuel says confidently,” It’s all about super memory---I guess I have that gift.”
However, Samuel’s ability to remember things doesn’t stop with music. His family says that even when he was a young boy, Samuel heard someone read a story, and then he could retell the story word for word.
Samuel is still only a teenager. He doesn’t know what he wants to do in the future. For now, he is just happy to play beautiful music and continue his studies.
1.What is special about Samuel Osmond?
A. He has a gift for writing music.
B. He can write down the note he hears.
C. He is a top student at the law school.
D. He can play the musical piece he hears.
2.What can we learn from Paragraph 2 ?
A. Samuel chose law against the wish of his parents.
B. Samuel planned to be a lawyer rather than a musician.
C. Samuel thinks of himself as a man of great musical ability.
D. Samuel studies law and music on the advice of his teachers.
3.Everyone around Samuel was surprised because he _________.
A. received a good early education in music
B. played the guitar and the piano perfectly
C. could play the piano without reading music
D. could play the guitar better than his father
4.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A. The Qualities of a Musician
B. The Story of a Musical Talent
C. The Importance of Early Education
D. The Relationship between Memory and Music.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016届浙江临海台州中学高三上第三次统练英语试卷（解析版） 题型：单项填空
---I’m planning to go to Kingdom of Cambodia this summer vacation. I think the trip will be exciting.
---___________, as it’s the rainy season then.
A. Yes, it will B. Of course not
C. You can say so D. It’s hard to say
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