Question

【题目】 For students, college is a series of disconnected experiences: the classroom, the dorm, the athletic field, and the internship（实习岗位）. Yet the employers tell me what gets college students hired is the ability to translate what they learned in one place (the classroom, for example) to another that is far different from where they originally learned a concept (a project on an internship).

Educators call this “ transfer learning”—the ability to summarize key principles and apply them in many different places, which becomes more important as the skills needed to keep up in any job and occupation continue to change in the future. Our ability to drive almost any car on the market without reading its manual（手册）is an example of knowledge transfer.

The concept sounds simple enough. But today’s students, faced with the constant pressure to prepare for standardized tests, rarely have the chance to learn through problem-solving or to be involved in projects that improve skills that can be used in various settings.

In response to demands from students, parents and employers, colleges and universities are adding hands-on experiences to the undergraduate curriculum.

Arizona State University, where I’ m a professor of practice, is testing a curriculum across a dozen majors in which students learn nearly half of the subject matter through group projects. Engineering students might build a robot and learn the key principles of mechanics and electronics during the project. The hope is that students will be more involved if theories from the classroom are immediately applied in the outside world instead of years after students graduate.

What’s the problem with the hands-on learning experiences being added by colleges to the undergraduate curriculum? They’re often not accompanied by the guidance that students need to help them transfer what they learn. So students become adept skilled in job interviews at describing what they did during a project, but they have difficulty talking about what they learned and how they can apply that to where they want to work.

【1】Why is the ability to drive mentioned in Paragraph 2?

A. To show that everything is changing.

B. To prove that driving ability is important.

C. To stress the importance of practical skills.

D. To explain the meaning of transfer learning.

【2】What prevents students from getting the ability to transfer knowledge?

A. Various school projects.B. Too much stress from tests.

C. Their lack of theory knowledge.D. Their unwillingness to solve problems.

【3】Which may arouse students’ interest in school learning according to the author?

A. Seeing what they have learned is applied.

B. Teachers changing the way lectures are given.

C. Focusing on the key principles of every subject.

D. Teachers explaining theories in an interesting way.

【4】What does the author think of the hands-on learning experiences in colleges?

A. They are effective.B. They are unnecessary.

C. They should be improved.D. They cost a lot of time.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】B

【3】A

【4】C

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了“转移学习”——总结关键原则并将其应用于许多不同领域的能力，随着任何工作和职业所需的技能在未来不断变化，这种能力变得更加重要。但是现在的学生，面临着不断的标准化考试的压力，很少有机会通过解决问题来学习，或者参与可以在各种环境中使用的提高技能的项目。为了响应学生、家长和雇主的要求，高校正在本科课程中增加实践经验。

【1】推理判断题。由第二段“ Our ability to drive almost any car on the market without reading its manual（手册）is an example of knowledge transfer.”可知，我们几乎可以在市场上驾驶任何一款汽车而不必阅读其操作手册，这就是知识转移的一个例子。例子能更好的说明意义。故判断出，为什么第2段提到驾驶能力是为了解释转移学习的意义。故选D项。

【2】细节理解题。由第三段“. But today’s students, faced with the constant pressure to prepare for standardized tests, rarely have the chance to learn through problem-solving or to be involved in projects that improve skills that can be used in various settings.”可知，但是现在的学生，面临着来自不断的标准化考试的压力，很少有机会通过解决问题来学习，或者参与可以在各种环境中使用提高技能的项目。所以考试压力太大阻止了学生获得转移知识的能力。故选B项。

【3】推理判断题。由第五段“The hope is that students will be more involved if theories from the classroom are immediately applied in the outside world”可知，我们希望，如果课堂上的理论能立即应用于外部世界，那么学生们将会更多地参与进来。所以通过关键词“more involved，applied in the outside world”可以判断出，学生看到他们所学到的东西得到了应用能引起学生对学校学习的兴趣。故选A项。

【4】推理判断题。由最后段“They’re often not accompanied by the guidance that students need to help them transfer what they learn. So students become adept skilled in job interviews at describing what they did during a project, but they have difficulty talking about what they learned and how they can apply that to where they want to work.”可知，动手学习的经验往往没有得到指导，学生需要帮助他们转移他们所学的知识。因此，学生们在面试中熟练地描述他们在一个项目中所做的事情，但是他们很难谈论他们学到了什么，以及他们如何将这些应用到他们想要工作的地方。故选C项。

抓住特定信息进行逆向或者正向推理。做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。

由第五段“The hope is that students will be more involved if theories from the classroom are immediately applied in the outside world”可知，我们希望，如果课堂上的理论能立即应用于外部世界，那么学生们将会更多地参与进来。所以通过关键词“more involved，applied in the outside world”可以判断出，学生看到他们所学到的东西得到了应用能引起学生对学校学习的兴趣。故小题3选A项。