Babies born in summer are more likely to become short-sighted in late life, a study has shown.
As many as a quarter of all cases of short-sightedness are caused by too great an exposure to sunlight in the first weeks of life, say eye experts.
They are advising all parents to put sunglasses on their babies during the first weeks.
Scientists had already established that over-exposure to sunlight caused short-sightedness in animals.
Researchers who compared the months in
which babies were born with whether they needed glasses later on say the
principle also applies to humans.
A study of almost 300,000 young
adults─the largest of its kind─showed that those born in June and July had a 25
per cent greater chance of becoming severely short-sighted than those born in
December or January. Research leader Professor Michael Belkin, of Tel Aviv
University, said it was because prolonged illumination(光照) causes the eyeball to
lengthen, causing short-sightedness.
Hence the more light a newborn is exposed to, the more the eyeball lengthens and the worse the short-sightedness will be.
The mechanism which lengthens the eyeball is associated with levels of melatonin(褪黑激素), a pigment (色素) which protects the skin against harmful rays of the sun.
In young babies not enough melatonin is released as protection, meaning they are more vulnerable to sunburn and changes to eyeball shape.
Sight expert Professor Daniel O’Leary, of Anglia Ruskin University in Cambridge, said “At the moment we don’t know the precise cause of why light exposure affects sight, but the evidence seems to prove that it is one of the reasons for people becoming short-sighted.”
1. Babies born in summer are more likely to be short-sighted ____________.
A. because the summer sun is too strong for babies
B. because babies born in summer have lengthened eyeballs
C. if they are exposed to much sunlight in the first weeks after they are born
D. if parents don’t know a proper way to protect their babies’ eyes
2. Melatonin is a kind of material to ___________.
A. prevent the eyes from becoming near-sighted
B. protect the skin from harmful sun rays
C. make our body strong
D. protect babies’ eyes from summer sun
3. From what Professor Daniel O’Leary says we can conclude that ___________.
A. there is no evidence that short-sightedness is related to exposure to sunlight
B. whether light exposure affects sight still needs to be further proved
C. he believes that light exposure can cause short-sightedness
D. he tries to give the cause of why light exposure affects sight
4. The underlined word “vulnerable” in the passage probably means __________.
A. easy to be harmed B. resistant
C. protective D. changeable
阅读快车系列答案科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
If the world were a village of 1,000 people, it would include:
★ 584 Asians
★ 124 Africans
★ 95 Eastern and Western Europeans
★ 84 Latin America
★ 55 former Soviets (including Lithuanians, Latvians, Estonians, and other national groups)
★ 52 North Americans
★ 6 Australians and New Zealand
The people of the village would speak:
★ 165 Mandarin
★ 86 English
★ 83 Hindu/Urdu
★ 64 Spanish
★ 58 Russian
★ 37 Arabic
The above list covers the mother tongues of only half the village.
One-third of the people in the village are children, and only 60 are over the age of 65. Just under half of the married women in the village have access to modern equipments.
This year 28 babies will be born. Ten people will die, 3 of them for lack of food, 1 from cancer. Two of the deaths will be of babies born within the year. With the 28 births and 10 deaths, the population of the village next year will be 1018.
In this village of 1,000 persons,200 people receive 75 percent of the income: another 200 receive only 2 percent of the income.
About one third have access to clean, safe drinking water.
Of the 670 adults in the village, half can not read nor write.
The village has a total yearly budget(预算), public and private, of over $ 3 million--$ 3,000 per person if it is distributed evenly. Of the total $ 3 million:
★ 181,000 goes to weapons and warfare
★ 159,000 to education
★ 132,000 to health care
These weapons are under the control of just 100 of the people. The other 900 are watching them with deep anxiety, wondering whether they can learn to get along together.
Which of the following is true about Mandarin according to the text?
A. Nearly one third of Asian people speak Mandarin in the village.
B. About 25 percent of the people speak Mandarin in the village.
C. About 16.5 percent of the people speak Mandarin in the village.
D. Nearly all the Mandarin-speaking people are from Asia in the village.
Which of the following problems is NOT mentioned in the text?
A. Poverty B. Education. C. Environment. D. Marriage.
The underlined part “have access to”(in Para. 4) means____.
A. use B. buy C. produce D. try
The last sentence in the text implies that most of the people long for ___.
A. a peaceful world B. good education C. better health care D. a life without anxiety
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科目：高中英语 来源：2013届福建省莆田一中高三第二次月考英语考试试卷（带解析） 题型：阅读理解
Money, jewels and important documents are not the only valuable placed in banks these days. Some mothers store their breast milk in banks.
There’re ten breast banks set up across the United States, where mothers can donate their extra milk for other women’s babies. Experts say breast milk is the best food for babies. The World Health Organization says it is the only food babies should get during the first six months of life, in most cases. Breast milk is especially important for babies born too early. Sometimes these premature babies must stay in the hospital for many weeks.
James Cameron is a doctor who treats newborns at Lutheran Children’s Hospital in Fort Wayne, Indiana. He says breast milk is almost like medicine. Doctor James Cameron said, “The fact is that there are so many different proteins and specialized sugars in the breast milk that the mom’s able to make that help provide immunity. It’s very important for the health of the newborn.”
There are several reasons some mothers may not be able to breastfeed. Some are not able to produce enough milk. Others might be taking medicines or have medical problems that prevent the process.
Lucy Baur lives near Fort Wayne. She fed her milk to both her children and always had more milk than they needed. She wanted to donate to the Indiana Mothers Milk Bank in Indianapolis. But freezing and shipping milk can be costly. Then, a donor station opened near her home.
Milk donations in the United States work like this: Donors must be willing to provide almost three liters of breast milk. They freeze the milk and take it to the station. There, employees warm the milk and mix it with other mothers’ milk. Then, the milk is heated to kill bacteria. After that, the technicians test samples of all the milk to make sure it is safe and healthful. The milk is re-frozen and sent to the main milk bank. The milk bank transports the milk to hospitals to feed premature or sick babies. Donors are tested for diseases before any milk is accepted. They are not permitted to smoke tobacco, use illegal drugs or drink too much alcohol.
【小题1】The purpose of setting up breast milk banks is to_____.
| A．store extra fresh milk for school children |
| B．provide milk to children who go hungry |
| C．help mothers donate milk to other babies |
| D．offer free breast milk to premature babies |
| A．it protects them from any possible disease |
| B．it contains rich nutrients that they need |
| C．it is the only food that babies can eat |
| D．it benefits them as the best medicine |
| A．milk bank employees | B．milk bank doctors |
| C．milk bank nurses | D．breast milk donors |
| A．bdace | B．bcdea | C．badec | D．cbaed |
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科目：高中英语 来源：2011－2012学年江苏省上冈高级中学高二第一学期期中考试英语试卷 题型：阅读理解
Olivia and Jack are the most popular names in Britain for babies born in 2008, according to a survey made by the website Bounty. Jack has been top for 14 years since it took over from Thomas.
Grace — made famous by the Hollywood star Grace Kelly — slipped back into third place behind Ruby, the name of singer Charlotte Church’s daughter.
Summer climbed 28 places from 44th to 16th. Ava — the name of singer Myleene Klass’s daughter — also leapt 15 places to 19th.
The troubles of the singer Amy Winehouse perhaps had an effect on the popularity of the name. It dropped three places to 23rd. Rebecca is also on the wane(变弱), ranking 48th. So is Courtney, which ranked 88th.
Theo, obviously inspired by England’s teenage football hero Theo Walcott, is among the biggest climbers in the boy’s list, rising from 70th to 58th.
An employee of Bounty said, “Baby names have witnessed the biggest changes over the last decade as parents are increasingly influenced by celebrities. The Bounty baby name poll also shows parents are continuing to be creative and inspirational about the names they choose for their children. Some parents want a name that’s totally unique, and names such as Zebedee, Selim and Zenon are now emerging and growing in popularity. Others are simply breaking with convention and becoming bolder in their choice of names.”
“While politicians’ names may be growing in popularity in America, British politicians don’t influence our choice of names in the UK. Traditional royal names continue to be supreme(最高的) in the boys’ top 100,” The employee said.
【小题1】Which of the following girl names ranks the second?
| A．Grace. | B．Ruby. | C．Kelly. | D．Charlotte. |
| A．stars | B．parents | C．media | D．politicians |
| A．Unique names. | B．Creative names. |
| C．Famous people’s names. | D．Traditional royal names. |
| A．Thomas was the first in boy names in 1994 |
| B．Summer ranked 28th in the girls’ list in 2007 |
| C．Rebecca might be 50th in the girls’ list in 2007 |
| D．Courtney climbed in the boy’s list in 2008 compared with 2007 |
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科目：高中英语 来源：黑龙江省双鸭山一中2010届高三上学期期末考试 题型：阅读理解
Babies born in summer are more likely to become short-sighted in late life, a study has shown.
As many as a quarter of all cases of short-sightedness are caused by too great an exposure to sunlight in the first weeks of life, say eye experts.
They are advising all parents to put sunglasses on their babies during the first weeks.
Scientists had already established that over-exposure to sunlight caused shortsightedness in animals.
Researchers who compared the months in which babies were born with whether they needed glasses later on say the principle also applies to humans.
A study of almost 300,000 young adults-the largest of its kind-showed that those born in June and July had a 25 per cent greater chance of becoming severely short-sighted than those born in December or January.
Research leader Professor Michael Belkin, of Tel Aviv University, said it was because prolonged illumination(光照) causes the eyeball to lengthen-causing short-sightedness.
Hence the more light a newborn is exposed to, the more the eyeball lengthens and the worse the short-sightedness will be.
The mechanism which lengthens the eyeball is associated with levels of melatonin(褪黑激素), a pigment (色素) which protects the skin against harmful rays of the sun.
In young babies not enough melatonin is released as protection, meaning they are more vulnerable to sunburn and changes to eyeball shape.
Sight expert Professor Daniel O’Leary, of Anglia Ruskin University in Cambridge, said “At the moment we don’t know the precise cause of why light exposure affects sight, but the evidence seems to prove that it is one of the reasons for people becoming shortsighted.”
67. Babies born in summer are more likely to be shortsighted ____________.
A. because the summer sun is too strong for babies
B. because babies born in summer have lengthened eyeballs
C. if they are exposed to much sunlight in the first weeks after they are born
D. if parents don’t know a proper way to protect their babies’ eyes
68. Melatonin is a kind of material to ___________.
A. prevent the eyes from becoming near-sighted
B. protect the skin from harmful sun rays
C. make our body strong
D. protect babies’ eyes from summer sun
69.From what Professor Daniel O’Leary says we can conclude that ___________.
A. there is no evidence that shortsightedness is related to exposure to sunlight
B. whether light exposure affects sight still needs to be further proved
C. he believes that light exposure can cause shortsightedness
D. he tries to give the cause of why light exposure affects sight
70.The underlined word “vulnerable” in the passage probably means __________.
A. easy to be harmed B. resistant
C. protective D. changeable
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科目：高中英语 来源：2014届江西上饶县中学高三第一次月考英语卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
Mainland couples who give birth to a second child in Hong Kong will be fined forbreaking the family planning policy a senior official has warned． As more women flock to Hong Kong to give birth to their second child，Zhang Feng，family planning department director of Guangdong Province，stressed that this violated Chinaspolicies． “And those who are government employees will even be dismissed from their posts．”he said．
''It doesn't matter if they give birth to their second child on the mainland or in other countries and regions, they have violated the country's policies and the province's regulations''.
He said that some families had been punished in the past few months after having a second child in Hong Kong, but gave no details.
Zhang made his remarks when a Hong Kong newspaper carried a controversial notice claiming residents' medical services had been affected by the growing number of mainland women who arrive in the city to give birth and gain right of abode (居住) there.
According to statistics revealed by Hong Kong Special Administrative Region government, about 88,000 babies were born in Hong Kong in 2010, but more than 41,000 or 47 percent, were to mainland couples, including a large number from Guangdong.
Hong Kong has limited the number of mainland women permitted to give birth in the city at 34,000 this year.
The issue also has caused calls for an amendment to Hong Kong's Basic Law so that babies born to mainland women are no longer granted permanent right of abode.
''I support Hong Kong government's decision to reduce or limit the number for mainland women giving birth in Hong Kong.'' Zhang said.
China introduced its family planning policy in 1979 to limit births in the world's most populous nation, although the rules have been relaxed in recent years.
1.Which of the following is true?
A. Zhang Feng is family planning department director of Guangdong Province.
B. Many government employees have been dismissed from their posts.
C. Those who give birth to a second child in Hong Kong will be fined.
D. It doesn’t matter if they give birth to their second child on the mainland.
2. What does the word ''violated'' mean in the second paragraph?
A. was obeyed B. went against C. was for D. was dismissed
3.Zhang Feng said that______.
A. few families had been punished after having a second child in China
B. about 88,000 babies were born in Hong Kong in 2010
C. he agreed to reduce or limit the number for mainland women giving birth in Hong Kong
D. the residents' medical services in Hong Kong had been affected
4.From the passage we can infer______.
A. in 2010 most of the babies born in Hong Kong belonged to mainland couples
B. babies born to mainland women in Hong Kong can't get permanent right of abode now
C. the number of mainland women permitted to give birth in Hong Kong has been reduced
D. the family planning policy in China is as strict as before
5.Which is NOT the reason why some people want to give birth to a second child in Hong Kong?
A. They want to gain right of abode there for their babies.
B. They want to escape being punished for breaking the family planning policy.
C. They want their babies to enjoy the good medical services in Hong Kong.
D. They want to cause calls for an amendment to Hong Kong's Basic Law.
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