Question

【题目】 For two centuries, the famous University of Cambridge debating society has hosted many prominent figures, from world leaders to scientists to comedians.

On Nov 21, the Cambridge Union hosted its first-ever non-human guest. Designed by IBM, Project Debater is a machine that uses Artificial Intelligence (AI) to form a spoken argument. It can even listen and answer to opposing statements, much like a real person.

Speaking with a voice similar to Siri, Project Debater uses AI to search journals, newspapers and other information sources. It then filters out(过滤) useless information, picks the strongest arguments, and arranges them into a persuasive argument.

“In the Cambridge test debate, it argued the topic: AI will ultimately do more harm than good. According to IBM, it is the first machine that can debate complicated topics with humans.

Before the debate, more than 1,100 arguments for the positives and negatives of AI were submitted to the IBM website. The machine then analyzed these sources and formed the basis of its arguments in minutes. Project Debater then showed off its AI by arguing for both sides of the debate.

Over a four-minute speech, it argued first that, “AI can only make decisions that it has been programmed to solve, while humans can be programmed for all plots, possible events.”

In support of AI, it then argued that AI would create new jobs and “bring a lot more efficiency” to the workplace.

This isn’t the first test for Project Debater. In June 2018, the machine went back-and-forth for 20 minutes against champion debater Harish Natarajan.

According to New Scientist, on both occasions, Project Debater repeated points and didn’t always sufficiently support them.

Speaking to Cambridge Independent, Noam Slonim, the project’s lead engineer, said, “The AI is not perfect, but it’s going in the right direction.” The team hopes to improve the AI by researching why humans find certain arguments more persuasive than others.

【1】In which way does Project Debater behave like a real person?

A.It can listen and answer to opposing statements.

B.It can speak with a voice similar to Siri.

C.It can create various useful sources.

D.It can deal with any situation.

【2】What were prepared for the machine before the Cambridge test debate?

A.Analyzed sources.

B.Useless messages.

C.Materials for arguments.

D.Items about human debaters.

【3】We can infer from the text that _________.

A.AI did better than humans in arguments

B.the machine had rich ideas to support its points

C.the machine beat Harish Natarajan in the first test

D.AI needs more persuasive arguments in debates

【4】What is Noam Slonim’s attitude to the AI ?

A.Supportive.B.Unconfident.

C.Negative.D.Indifferent.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】C

【3】D

【4】A

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。两个世纪以来，著名的剑桥大学辩论协会接待了许多杰出人物， 11月21日，剑桥联合会迎来了有史以来第一位非人类嘉宾——Project Debater。据IBM称，这是第一台可以与人类辩论复杂话题的机器。文章还说明了它在此处辩论中的表现，以及人们对此的看法。

【1】细节理解题。根据第二段中It can even listen and answer to opposing statements, much like a real person.可知它甚至可以倾听和回答相反的陈述，很像一个真人。由此可知，Project Debater可以倾听和回答相反的陈述，因此表现得像一个真实的人。故选A。

【2】细节理解题。根据第五段中Before the debate, more than 1,100 arguments for the positives and negatives of AI were submitted to the IBM website.可知在这场辩论之前，超过1100个关于人工智能利弊的论点被提交到IBM的网站上。由此可知，在剑桥测试辩论之前，人们为这台机器准备了辩论材料。故选C。

【3】推理判断题。根据最后一句The team hopes to improve the AI by researching why humans find certain arguments more persuasive than others.可知研究小组希望通过研究为什么人类发现某些论据比其他论据更有说服力，来提高人工智能。由此可推知，人工智能在辩论中需要更有说服力的论据。故选D。

【4】推理判断题。根据最后一段中Speaking to Cambridge Independent, Noam Slonim, the project’s lead engineer, said, “The AI is not perfect, but it’s going in the right direction.”可知该项目的首席工程师Noam Slonim在接受《剑桥独立报》采访时表示:“人工智能并不完美，但它正朝着正确的方向前进。”由此可推知，Noam Slonim对于人工智能的态度是支持的。故选A。

态度、观点及感受类推理判断题。高考阅读理解题中有些题目考查考生对文章作者的思想、人物性格倾向等方面的理解。对于判断情感态度类题目，考生需要分析段落大意、作者的思路，理解了文章的段落大意、中心思想后，才能判断出作者的情感态度。学会辨别清楚文章的体裁。高考阅读理解题涉及各类文章。以议论文为主，文章的主题句往往会直接地表明作者的态度立场；说明文，因为其体裁的客观性，所以作者往往采取中立态度；记叙文，作者往往不直接提出文章观点，而且作者写作时也常常带有某种倾向性，所以我们在读这种体裁的文章时，要细心捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的单词或短语。学会区分不同的观点，尤其要善于找出作者的观点。我们要注意文中出现的直接引语和间接引语。

如第四小题，根据最后一段中Speaking to Cambridge Independent, Noam Slonim, the project’s lead engineer, said, “The AI is not perfect, but it’s going in the right direction.”可知该项目的首席工程师Noam Slonim在接受《剑桥独立报》采访时表示:“人工智能并不完美，但它正朝着正确的方向前进。”由此可推知，Noam Slonim对于人工智能的态度是支持的。故选A。