Question

【题目】Life-Changing Science Discoveries

Here’s a look at some discoveries that have changed the world. It’s impossible to rank their importance, so they’re listed in the order they were discovered.

Micro-organism

Before French chemist Louis Pasteur began experimenting with bacteria in the 1860s, people did not know what caused disease. He not only discovered that disease came from micro-organisms, but also realized that bacteria could be killed by heat and disinfectant(消毒剂). This idea caused doctors to wash their hands and disinfect their instruments, which has saved millions of lives.

Penicillin

Antibiotics are powerful drugs that kill dangerous bacteria in our bodies that make us sick. In 1928, British Alexander Fleming discovered the first antibiotic, penicillin, which he grew in his lab. Without antibiotics, infections like strep throat could be deadly

DNA

On February 28, 1853, James Watson of the United States and Francis Crick of England made one of the greatest scientific discoveries in history. The two scientists found the structure of DNA. Our genes are made of DNA and determine how things like what color hair and eye we’ll have. In 1962, they were awarded the Nobel Prize for this work. The discovery has helped doctors understand diseases and may someday prevent some illnesses like heart disease and cancer.

X-rays

Wilhelm Roentgen, a German physicist, discovered X-rays in 1895. X-rays go right through some substances, like flesh and wood, but are stopped by others, such as bones and lead. This allows them to be used to see broken bones or explosives inside suitcases, which makes them useful for doctors and security officers. For this discovery, Roentgen was awarded the first-ever Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901.

【1】What did Louis Pasteur contribute to the world?

A. He discovered bacteria.

B. His findings helped save lives.

C. He found ways to grow bacteria.

D. His discovery won a Nobel Prize.

【2】Which discovery was made by two scientists from different countries?

A. Micro-organism. B. Penicillin.

C. DNA. D. X-rays.

【3】Why is the discovery of X-rays important?

A. It can be used to see through bones and lead.

B. It can help us to know why we are different.

C. It is useful for doctor and security officers.

D. It is used to kill dangerous bacteria in our bodies.

【4】What is common among the discoveries above?

A. They can help to prevent certain diseases.

B. They are all related to medical fields.

C. They are awarded the Nobel Prize.

D. They are all made in Europe.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】C

【3】C

【4】B

【解析】本文主要介绍了几项与医学有关的改变了世界的科学发现。

【1】B

细节理解题。根据Life-Changing Science Discoveries 中的This idea caused doctors to wash their hands and disinfect their instruments, which has saved millions of lives.可知，Louis Pasteur的发现帮助挽救了很多生命。故选B。

【2】C

细节理解题。根据DNA中的On February 28, 1853, James Watson of the United States and Francis Crick of England made one of the greatest scientific discoveries in history.可知，发现DNA的两个科学家是来自不同国家的。故选C。

【3】C

细节理解题。根据X-rays中的This allows them to be used to see broken bones or explosives inside suitcases, which makes them useful for doctors and security officers.可知，X-rays对医生和安全官员很有用。故选C。

【4】B

推理判断题。根据全文可知，这些改变了世界的发现：微生物，青霉素，DNA和X光都是与医学有关的。故选B。