C

                                 ★★★★☆

          When we communicate online,words sometimes just aren’t enough,says City University London Professor Adrian David Cheok.

          Now,he has a solution: researchers at his Mixed Reality Lab are coming up with ways to say words with a smell — developing cell phone apps and plug-ins that give off smells like flowers and food.

         “Smell is a very powerful- sense. It can cause an emotion or memory directly 一 before we logically think about it,” Cheok tells the Columbia Broadcasting System.

          The lab has already created technology able to send the smell of flowers to a loved one through texting — as long as the person has a little digital machine plugged into the (耳机塞孔) of his smart phone.

          The first application of this technology was the Hana Yakiniku plug-in released in Japan in 2013. It became available internationally on Amazon in February. The video marketing the Hana Yakiniku attachment presents funny digital smell solutions to common problems: a poor college student,for example,can now eat dinner with his iPhone and enjoy the smell of beef he can* t afford while eating rice for lunch. The plug-in attachment is sold at a reasonable price of about thirty-five dollars.

           The technology can be used in a range of commercial applications,from diet programs,advertising and health care,to recipes and personal communications.

          “You can send someone an online message with the smell of a flower,” Cheok says. “For our everyday communication,we want to be able to have a much wider range of experiences being communicated. Not just sending data or information,we want to share our experiences. ”

9. What is the purpose of Cheok's technology?

   A. To improve our sense of smell.

   B. To help us have a better memory.

   C. To help us enjoy better communication.

   D. To encourage us to use more words online.

10. The Hana Yakiniku plug-in was based on the design by.

   A. a Japanese company

   B. the Amazon company

   C. the Mixed Reality Lab

   D. the Columbia Broadcasting System

11. According to the text,Cheok's technology.

   A. will have many different uses

   B. will be on the market very soon

   C. is too expensive for most people

   D. is possibly harmful to earphone jacks

12. What does Cheok mainly tell us in the last paragraph?

   A. The influence of personal experiences.

   B. The importance of communication.

   C. The development of smart phones.

   D. The advantages of his invention.

                                  B

                            ★ ★ ★ ★ ☆

           Mothers who angrily tell off their children when they step out of line may be making behavior problems worse,according to a study. The study by the London School of Economics (LSE) found that too much shouting and giving severe punishments were producing an opposite result. Ignoring naughty children also appeared ter lead to a decrease in discipHne standards.

           Researchers said that “reasoning with children” was more likely to have a positive zVwpacr (影响) on their behavior at a young age. But the study warned that it Was difficult to determine a direct link between one parenting style and its outcomes because of the effect of other causes.

           The latest study was based on an analysis of almost 19,000 children. Data was collected from parents just before their children's first birthdays,and then when iey turned three,five and seven. The study,led by Dr Laure De Preux,assessed the impact of various parenting styles on children.

           Researchers said, “Particularly excessive (过度的) shouting,punishing or ignoring a naughty child increases his behavior problems,and only reasoning doesn't negatively impact the child's behavior.”

           But the study also showed that a large number of other things such as economic conditions also impacted on children's development. The result suggested that wealthier families were able to create a whole environment that clearly benefited the child beyond simple effect of parenting. It said children in poor households in particular were affected by their mother^s parenting styles.

          “In this group,behavior problems are reduced when mothers read to the naughty children,and increased when mothers shout at them,take treats away,or ignore them,” it said.

           It is the latest in a line'of recent studies to assess the link between parenting and children's behavior.

           Two years ago,a report commissioned by the Department for Education found that severe and inconsistent discipline in the home was bringing up a generation of youfng children with anger management problems,poor attention and low levels of learning ability.

5. The underlined part “step out of line” in Paragraph 1

probably means.

   A. behave badly     B. lose confidence

   C. become excited   D. achieve success

6. Which may help solve children's behavior problems?

   A. Punishing them lightly.

   B. Talking with them reasonably.

   C. Ignoring them once in a while.

   D. Exercising strict discipline over them.

7. What did the research focus on?

   A. How mothers looked at their parenting role.

   B. Why many children had behavior problems.

   C. How parenting styles affected children's development.

   D. Why parents gave their children severe punishments.

8. What do we learn about the report in the last paragraph?

   A. Its subject is similar to that of the LSE's  study.

   B. Its findings go against those of the LSE's study.

   C. It shows the benefits of strict discipline.

   D. It has discovered new problems of children.

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和 D)中，出最佳选项。

                                   A

                             ★ ★ ★ ☆ ☆

          Celebrities often have their own extraordinary life stories about their childhoods and their dramatic rises to fame. And here we have one example: Ella Fitzgerald,a girl from Harlem who became one of the most celebrated female jazz singer of the 20th century.

          Bom in Newport News,Virginia in 1917,Ella didn^，t want to be a singer at first. At 17,she entered a contest with a dream of becoming a professional dancer. But watching other dancers perform,Ella changed her mind right before going on stage ^ this was a turning point in her life^ She performed as a singer and won first prize.

          After tliis unexpected debut(初次登台) ，people began to hear about the girl with a pure singing voice,great rhythm,and perfect (音高) .And in 1935,Ella had a major breakthrough when the famous drummer Chick Webb decided to hire her for his band. Together they produced many hit songs,including “A-Tisket,A-Tasket/' which became Ella* s' first million-record seller. She also had a striking ability to make her voice imitate other musical instruments. This special talent made Ella begin to shine as she helped to pioneer a style called “scat” in the early 1940s. Scat,or wordless singing,uses random vocal sounds to copy the sounds of real musical instruments. Basically,scat singing is replacing the lyrics of a song with such nonsense syllables as “do be do be dos” while it keeps the tune (曲调) . Ella was a master of scat,elevating the style to a form of art.

           After Webb's death,Ella continued her active singing career,touring with different jazz orchestras throughout the world. Celebrated as the top female singer of her time,she sold more than 40 million records. Ella received numerous awards and honors for her outstanding performance and talent. She died in 1996,but her music lives on,enchanting generations of jazz lovers.

1. Which of the following is TRUE about scat?

   A. It is done by using nonsense syllables.

   B. It is a style of singing with real words.

   C. It is intended to improve musical instruments.

   D. It is a rhythmic form of speech without musical backing.

2. What do we know about Ella Fitzgerald?

   A. She made her stage debut as a dancer.

   B. She helped Chick Webb to form his band.

   C. She contributed greatly to the style of scat singing.

   D. She became very famous immediately after her debut.

3. The underlined word “enchanting” in the last paragraph

probably means.

   A. slightly surprising   B. easily controlling

   C. clearly explaining    D. strongly atfracting

4. What would be the best title for the text?

   A. The family life of Ella Fitzgerald

   B. Ella Fitzgerald: The queen of jazz

   C. Famous songs by Ella Fitzgerald 

   D. Ella Fitzgerald: A talented dancer

二、完形填空(共20小题)

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D) .中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

        Mexican President Vicente Fox was once invited to a university to give a lecture. A student asked him, ^“In your experience in politics have you 21 ?”

        Fox said, “No,never.”

        The students were (轻声地笑) 22 every politician always said so.

        Fox wasn’t 23 . He said, “In this society,perhaps it is very 24 to prove that T m an honest man, 25 you should believe that in this world there's 26,which is always around us. I want to tell you a 27 which means a lot to me.  .

        “There was a father who was ready to dismantle(拆除) the pavilion(亭子) in the garden. His son said to him, ‘Daddy,I want to 28 how you dismantle the pavilion,so can you not dismantle it 29 I come back from school?’ His father 30 . However,after the boy 31 ,he asked some workers to dismantle the pavilion. After the boy returned from school,he found the old pavilion tiad 32 . Therefore,he said 33 to his father, 'Dad,you told me a lie/ His father was embarrassed and said, ‘My boy,I was 34.'The father called in the workers again and had them rebuild a pavilion in the 35 of the old one. After the pavilion was rebuilt,he called in his son and said to the workers ,‘Please dismantle it.’

           “I know the father. He was not rich,but he kept his 36. ”

         Hearing this,the students said ,“What,s the father's name? We hope to 37 him."

         Fox said, “He has died,but his son is still 38.”             “Then,where's  his son? He must be an honest man.”

         Fox said, “His son is 39 here. It's me. I'd like to treat this country and everyone in it like my father 40 me.”

         A storm of applause thundered in the audience. 

         Dismantling and rebuilding a pavilion restored the boy's faith in honesty.

21. A. failed   B. lied   C. feared   D. dreamed

22. A. if   B. once   C. because   D. although

23. A. angry   B. careful G. excited   D. shy

24. A. simple   B. hard   C. useful   D. possible

25. A. and   B. or   C. so   D. but

26. A. selflessness   B. knowledge   A. power   D. honesty

27. A. method   B. book   C. story   D. view

28. A. show   B. prove   C. see   D. discuss

29. A. until   B. unless   C. after   D. for

30. A. apologized   B. agreed   A. changed   D. succeeded

31. A. forgot   B. refused   C. left   D. arrived

32. A. finished   B. disappeared   C. shined   D. improved

33. A. proudly   B. impolitely  C. patiently   D. unhappily

34. A. wrong   B. tired   C. satisfied   D. clear

35. A. middle   B. shape   C. face   D. interest

36. A. record   B. secret  C. promise   D. appointment

37. A. help   B. attract G. criticize   D. know

38. A. brave   B. alive   C. bright   D. alone

39. A. standing   B. travelling   C. running   D. regretting

40. A. trained   B. needed   C. treated   D. praised

                                   D

                            ★ ★ ★ ★ ☆

           Most of us are aware that taking breaks from physical activity is necessary to recover and prevent injuries. Taking breaks in our mental work is equally helpful.

           Recent studies show that those who give in to some kind of distraction once an hour perform better than those who just keep at it without a break. After a while,our brains can't focus so well,and we become unable to continuously treat the task as important. Taking a break allows us to come back to the job at hand with renewed energy and a sense of purpose.

           No matter how much we love our work,we cannot keep creating when we are on empty. Something as simple as a ten-minute conversation with a friend,or watching an inspiring video can give us much needed help,or point us in a new direction if we* re stuck. It is difficult to see things from a new point of view when we come at it the same way all the time. Taking a step away might be just what we need to (恢复精力) .

           We are not designed to sit around all day. As difficult as being sedentary(需要久坐的) is on our bodies,it's not helpful for our creativity and productivity,either. Getting up for a few minutes and getting our blood flowing and some more oxygen to the brain are a necessary piece of the v^ork day.

          If you know you typically have an afternoon energy slump(锐减)， consider doing exercise during the lunch-time hours. Studies have shown that appropriate activity can boost creativity and productivity for two hours afterward. Plus,the change of scene and focus may just be something you need for your next breakthrough at work.

           The next time you feel guilty about taking a break, consider how much more effective it may make you in the long run.

13. According to Paragraph 2 ,recent studies show.

   A. our brains react negatively to distractions

   B. people are always working without a break

   C. taking breaks from work benefits productivity

   D. taking breaks from physical activity can prevent injuries

14. In the author's opinion,a sedentary lifestyle .

   A. is necessary sometimes

   B. means good productivity at times

   C. cannot be avoided by today's people

   D. is harmftil both physically and mentally

15. The text is meant to show the importance of.

   A. creativity at work

   B. treating work seriously

   C. taking breaks at work

   D. high productivity at work

16. Where does the text probably come from?

   A. A book review.

   B. A research plan.

   C. A science report.

   D. A business report.

                                C

                           ★★ ★ ★★

          Many authors Have become masters of a particular genre (类型) of fiction,but very few can claim to have had such an effect that they created a genre themselves. One such author is J. R. R. Tolkein. He created not only Middle Earth,the stage for his giant fantasy The Lord of the Rings,but also a whole genre of fantasy fiction.

          Tolkein's distinctive contribution was to create a wonderful world and populate it with wise wizards,bold (大胆自信的) knights,and a lot of other characters,including dwarfs. He also created his own contribution,the hobbit. Hobbits were small people,who had distinctive hairy feet. They were characterized by honest common sense and rather complex social lives. In his work,it is evidently the hobbits with whom Tolkein sympathized the most.

           What made Tolkein's  work so fascinating was that it was a perfectly realized work of fantasy. Every detail in his stories rang true. This is because Tolkein spent so much time working and thinking about Middle Earth. His later books showed clearly to what extent he had created this entire world,complete with detailed maps and even the languages of the main characters.

           It must be remembered that Tolkein was writing in a time when the First World War had just finished,and another was about to begin. In his book,he stressed the bravery and determination of the small people without whom victory was impossible. This was the lesson that Tolkein felt had to be learned from the horrors of the First World War 一 the decisions which shaped the fate of nations were made by the ruling class,but they were implemented (实施） by the common people of the country.

            Though his book brought him worldwide fame,Tolkein continued to live modestly at Oxford University,where he worked. He was a close friend of another great writer of his day,C. S.Lewis,who also taught there. However,while Lewis was more relaxed about his fame,Tolkein never really got used to it,and he was quite embarrassed by the admiration of many tourists who came to see him. 

9. What do we learn about ToIkein's  work?

   A. It was created in a hurry.

   B. It was part of his scientific research.

.   C. It was written to create new languages.

   D. It showed a complete period that seemed true.

10. What does Tolkein believe in?

   A. The great effects of war.

   B. The certainty of victory. 

   C. The decisions of the ruling class.

   D. The power of the common people.

11. What was the difference between Tolkein and Lewis?

   A. They had different opinions about travel.

   B. They worked at different universities.

   C. They responded differently to fame.

   D. They looked at modesty differently.

12. What is the main purpose of the text?

   A. To introduce Tolkein's work and life.

   B. To show Tolkein's important influences.

   C. To explain the concept of Middle Earth.

   D. To discuss the genre of fantasy fiction.

                                 B

                           ★ ★ ★ ★ ☆

          If you want another reason why residents of New York City have one of the highest costs of living in the U.S., compare babysitting(当临时保姆) wages with those of people who live in Colorado. According to UrbanSitter’s 2014 Childcare Rate Survey of nine large city areas,the average babysitting wage paid in New York City is $15. 34  per hour while in Denver it's $10. 84  per hour.

          Lauren Jimeson from New York City pays her babysitters about $20 an hour. She has three children aged 4 , 3  and an infant(婴儿)， but she usually does not ask a babysitter to watch all three at the same time.

          Jimeson said she was surprised at how low the rates can be in another city during a recent family trip to Florida. aThey found a babysitter based on a friend's  recommendation. They only paid around $8 or $10 per hour. My husband and I looked at each other and said ‘Oh,my gosh’ because we pay double that for our kids,” Jimeson said.

          Lyz Lenz,blogger (博主) and write behind LyzLenz.com,said she pays her babysitters S8 to $10 an hour in Iowa. Lenz,31, has two children. One is 3 years old and the other is 10 months old. “It's pretty ridiculous since they are in the 9th and 10th grade and not

professionals,” Lenz said of the babysitters. “But we pay the going rate,and more for the babysitters we love,to keep them coming to us. When I was in high school I got paid just $5 an hour for three kids.”

         Here are the average hourly babysitting wages in some of the cities that UrbanSitter.com analyzed:

         New York City Area： $15. 34  for one child; $16. 76 for two; $18. 74 for three.

         San Francisco Area:  $14. 99  for one child; $17. 68 for two; $19. 46  for three.

         Washingtofi, D.C. — Baltimore Area: $13. 83 for one child; $15. 27 for two; $16. 95 for three.

         Greater Boston Area: $13. 64 for one child; $15. 66 for two; $16.77   for three.

5. What surprised Jimeson during a recent family trip to Florida?

   A. That it was easy to find a babysitter there.

   B. That babysitters were so ridiculous there.

   C. That babysitters didn’t  mind their wages.

   D. That babysitters charged such a low price.

6. Lenz pays more for some babysitters at times to.

   A. ask them to do more things

   B. prevent them from quitting

   C. help them become professionals

   D. keep up with the babysitters’ demands

7. Which of the following has the highest babysitting costs for three kids?

   A. San Francisco Area. .

   B. New York City Area.

   C. Greater Boston Area.

   D. Washington,D.C. — Baltimore Area.

8. What is the text mainly about?

   A. Ways to find babysitters in the U.S.

   B. Costs of living in the countyside.

   G. Some comments on babysitting.

   D. Babysitting wages in the U.S.

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和 D)中，选出最佳逢项。

                                      A

                                ★ ★ ★ ☆ ☆

            After a young woman texted DoSomething.org with a heartbreaking cry for help,the non-profit volunteer group's CEO, Nancy Lublin,knew she needed to do something. She decided to create a way for people struggling with crises (危机) in their lives to release their strong feelings. She quickly founded a separate organization called Crisis Text Line,a free 24-hour nationwide mental health service that gives people access to crisis coimse/ors (辅导顾问) right at their fingertips.

             “Since it was started in 2013,the service has exchanged nearly 10 million texts from people experiencing mental health issues,bullying and more ,” Lublin said. “About 30 percent of messages the program receives refer to suicide and depression.”

              The beautiful thing about Crisis Text Line is that these are strangers counseling other strangers on the most private issues,and getting them from ‘hot moments,to 'cold moments'，” Lublin explained in a TED Talk about the service.

              While all crisis lines are important and save lives,Crisis Text Line stands out because it can also provide important information to help prevent these events from happening in the first place. Since it was started,the program has been studying messages,the timing of messages and their locations to get usefiil data. For example,analyses show that texts about issues with eating disorders seem to increase on Mondays. Analyses also show that Montana is the state with the greatest number of texts that mention suicide.

             Lublin hopes that the information that Crisis Text Line can glean will help inform new policies in schools,governments and homes across the country. “Data evidence makes policy,research, journalism,policing,school boards(教育委员会)，and almost everything better,” she said. “I don't think of myself as a mental health activist. I think of myself as a national health activist.”

1. After reading the text from a young woman,Nancy Lublin decided to .

   A. start a profit volunteer organization

   B. become a professional crisis counselor

   C. learn about mental crises in people's lives

   D. help people easily get counseling about life crises

2. How is Crisis Text Line different from other similar crisis lines?

   A. It really cares about victims.

   B. It is easy for victims to access.

   C. It offers useful advice to victims.

   D. It analyzes information for better use.

3. According to analyses,people in Montana tend to be concerned with .

   A. policy   B. suicide   C. bullying   D. depression

4. The underlined word “ glean ” in the last,paragraph probably means .

   A. confirm   B. explain   C. collect   D. understand 

四、短文改错(共10小题)

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中 共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加:在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧) ,并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线(\) 划掉。

修改:在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：L每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起) 不计分。

            Ted wanted to have a strong body. In order to achieve that,he joined a gym and start to work out there. He visited to the gym every day and worked out there for at least two hour each time.However,one week later,she was almost unable to get up because a lot of pain in his body. Later,he hired the personal trainer. To his surprise,instead of ask him to work out every day,the man asked him to rest the follow day after he worked out each time. He was telling this could help him as his body needed time to recover after exercise. When we're working out,getting enough rest is real important.

三、语法填空(共10小题)

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。

         My name is Virginia Mahoney. My father Bill Mahoney was a kind-hearted man. He was always ready to help others. He had 41 good sense of humor and made people smile everywhere he went. He was also a loving husband and father. 42 (sad) , we lost him on April 30 ,2013 because cancer took his life away.

         After the death of my father,my elder sister Jojo and I were very sad. But it didn’t take long for us 43 (cheer) up. We decided to do something in memory 44 our father. We talked for a few hours and then agreed to start a dub 45 (call) B kind. We wanted to encourage acts of kindness in our everyday lives,just like my father 46 (do) . After we told our mother about our 47 (decide) , she was very supportive. So some days later,B kind was started.

          B kind believes that even the 48 (small) acts of-kindness are worth recognizing,worth celebrating,and worth 49 (build) a community around. Being kind can change someone's life; it ’can also change the world. Now we encourage and help kids start B kind clubs at 50 (they) schools.