Eating too much fatty food, exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease. But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately: the air you breathe.

Previous studies have linked high exposure (暴露）to environmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problem, but two analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart attack or stroke (中风）within as little as a few hours after exposure. In one review of the research, scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants (污染物）were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure. A separate study of stroke patients showed that even air that the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers to be of “moderate” (良好）quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure.

The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure. However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices. So stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health.

1.The text mainly discusses the relationship between ______ .

A. heart problems and air quality

B. heart problems and exercising

C. heart problems and smoking

D. heart problems and fatty food

2.The underlined word “modest” in Paragraph 3 most probably means ______ .

A. relatively high B. extremely low

C. relatively low D. extremely high

3.The author’s purpose of writing the text is most likely to _______.

A.describe B. persuade C. inform D. entertain

International Studies (BA)

Key features

?Recognizes the “global community”(国际社会)

? Has close connections with practical research

? Much of the teaching is done in small discussion groups

About the course

The course gives you chances to know great power politics between nation states. It will provide more space to study particular issues such as relationship among countries in the European Union, third world debt, local and international disagreement, and the work of such international bodies as the United Nations, the European Union, NATO, and the World Bank.

The course puts theories into the working of the international system with close attention to particular countries. You will also have a better knowledge of methods of solving the international problems.

Related (相关的) courses

●BA (Hons) Community Management ● BA (Hons) Public Policy and Management

Employment possibilities

●International organizations ● International business

Earth Science (BSc)

Key features

? Based on key courses and the latest research findings

?Pays much attention to practical skills

?Offers chances for fieldwork(实地考察)

About the course

The demand for natural resources is becoming an increasingly serious problem for the future of mankind. Graduates in Earth Science will play an important role in meeting this demand, and in knowing the meaning of using the natural resources.

The course covers geography and geology. You will carry out fieldwork in the UK and possibly overseas, and a research in an area of interest to you in the final year.

Related courses

BSc (Hons) Geography; BSc (Hons) Geology

Employment possibilities

Mineral , oil, water or other related engineering industries.

1.International Studies is a course in _______

A. international politics B. international business

C. international systems D. international bodies

2.After taking the course of International Studies, the students will _______.

A. become practical and open-minded

B. have a greater ability to discuss theories

C. know how to settle international problems

D. have good jobs in any international organizations

3.Earth Science, as described in the second text, ______.

A. is attractive because of the chances for fieldwork

B. pays more attention to practical skills than theories

C. is built on important courses and the results of recent studies

D. encourages students to play a role in using natural resources

4.It can be inferred that the above two texts are written for the students who _______.

A. enjoy research work

B. plan to choose courses

C. study in the UK

D. are interested in overseas fieldwork

Thinking is something you choose to do as a fish choose to live in water. To be human is to think. But thinking may come naturally without your knowing how you do it. Thinking about thinking is the key to critical（判断性的） thinking. When you think critically, you take control of your thinking processes(过程). Otherwise, you might be controlled by the ideas of others. Indeed, critical thinking is at the heart of educa­tion.

The word “critical” here has a special meaning. It does not mean taking one view against another view, as when someone criticizes another person for doing something wrong. The nature of critical thinking is thinking beyond the easily seen—beyond the pictures on TV, the untrue reports in the newspapers, and the faulty reasoning.

Critical thinking is an attitude as much as an activity. If you are curious about life and desire to dig dee­per into it, you are a critical thinker. If you find pleasure in deep thinking about different ideas, characters, and facts, you are a critical thinker.

Activities of the mind and higher-order reasoning are processes of deep and careful consideration. They take time, and do not go hand in hand with the fast speed in today’s world: fast foods, instant coffee, and self-developing film. If you are among the people who believe that speed is a measure of intelligence（智力）, you may learn something new from a story about Albert Einstein. The first time Banesh Hoffman, a scien­tist, was to discuss his work with Albert Einstein, Hoffman was too nervous to speak. But Einstein immedi­ately put Hoffman at ease by saying, “Please go slowly. I don’t understand things quickly.”

1.Critical thinking is important to us because if we do not think critically, ______.

A. it will be hard for us to think naturally and fast

B. we might be controlled by other people’s ideas

C. we will follow the ideas of others naturally

D. we might be fooled by other people’s ideas

2.If you are a critical thinker, you will ______.

A. think deeply about different ideas

B. trust the reports in the newspapers

C. take one view against another view

D. criticize other people for their mistakes

3.In the last paragraph, “something new” suggests that ______

A. the smarter you are , the faster you do things

B. the faster you do things, the smarter you become

C. speed can improve intelligence

D. intelligence is not decided by speed

4.What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Thinking and Critical Thinking

B. Understanding Critical Thinking

C. Thinking is Natural and Human

D. Thinking Fast Means Intelligence

完型填空

I grew up in a community called Estepona. I was 16 when one morning, Dad told me I could drive him into a ________ village called Mijas, on condition that I took the car in to be________ at a nearby garage(修理站). I readily accepted. I drove Dad into Mijas, and ________to pick him up at 4 pm, then dropped off the car at the ________ . With several hours to spare, I went to a theater. ________ ,when the last movie finished, it was six. I was two hours late!

I knew Dad would be angry if he ________I'd been watching movies. So I decided not to tell him the truth. When I ________ there I apologized for being late, and told him I'd ________ as quickly as I could, but that the car had needed some major repairs. I'll never forget the ________ he gave me.

"I’m disappointed you ________ you have to lie to me, Jason." Dad looked at me again. "When you didn't ________ , I called the garage to ask if there were any ________ , and they told me you hadn't yet picked up the car." I felt ________ as I weakly told him the real reason. A ________ passed through Dad as he listened attentively. "I'm angry with ________ . I realize I've failed as a father. I'm going to walk home now and think seriously about ________ I've gone wrong all these years." "But Dad, it's 18 miles!" My protests and apologies were________ . Dad walked home that day. I drove behind him, ________ him all the way, but he walked silently.

Seeing Dad in so much ________and emotional pain was my most painful experience. However, it was ________ the most successful lesson. I have never lied since.

1.A. lonely B. small C. distant D. familiar

2.A. kept B. washed C. watched D. serviced

3.A. agreed B. planned C. determined D. promised

4.A. village B. community C. garage D. theater

5.A. However B. Then C. Therefore D. Still

6.A. realized B. found out C. thought D. figured out

7.A. went B. ran C. walked D. hurried

8.A. started B. left C. arrived D. come

9.A. word B. face C. look D. appearance

10.A. find B. decide C. believe D. feel

11.A. turn up B. drive out C. go away D. come out

12.A. questions B. problems C. mistakes D. faults

13.A. ashamed B. frightened C. nervous D. surprised

14.A. nervousness B. sadness C. silence D. thought

15.A. you B. myself C. me D. yourself

16.A. where B. how C. why D. when

17.A. meaningless B. useless C. helpless D. worthless

18.A. asking B. persuading C. begging D. following

19.A. physical B. practical C. personal D. natural

20.A. indeed B. always C. also D. almost

语法填空

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Nowadays, millions 1. lonely singles are now going online instead. 2. World Wide Web is quickly becoming the world’s most popular matchmaker(媒人).Singles are flocking(涌向) to the Internet 3. because their busy lifestyles leave them little time to look for a significant other. Using dating sites(约会网址) is quick and convenient. Many singles say the regular dating scene 4. (just lead) them from one bad experience to 5.________ and are ready to try something else. Dating sites also make 6. easy to avoid someone 7. you are not interested in. In the real world, 8. , ignoring someone you don’t like can be difficult.

Despite all the advantages, online dating also presents its own set of problems. People aren’t always those who they declare to be in their online 9. (describe). Safety is another concern. You are just 10. (like) to find a criminal online as you are Mr. Or Miss Right.

短文改错

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（/）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

My brother Tom was very selfish when he was a little boy. He did not want share things with other people. For example，when he bought a chocolate cake, he put them in a secret place where I couldn’t find. Then he ate it all by himself. He never helped other. He said he is busy. That is, a game of tennis making him very busy. He did not care if something he did made people angrily. For instance, on one night he played strong and loudly music till four o’clock in the morning. But he is difference now. He often helps grandma with housework, helps mum with cooking and helps his classmates with their lessons.

One Test for Graduate and Business School.

Getting an advanced degree can create many opportunities. The GRE revised General Test—the most widely accepted graduate admission test worldwide—can bring you one step closer to achieving your career goals.

There has never been a better time to take the test that gives you more opportunities for your future. The GRE revised General Test features question types that closely reflect the kind of thinking you'll do in graduate or business school.

Who Takes It?

Prospective graduate and business school applicants from all around the world who are interested in pursuing a master's , MBA, specialized master's in business or doctoral degree take the GRE revised General Test. Applicants come from varying educational and cultural backgrounds and the GRE revised General Test provides a common measure for comparing candidates' qualifications.

GRE scores are used by admissions or fellowship panels to supplement(补充) your undergraduate records, recommendation letters and other qualifications for graduate?level study.

When and Where Do People Take It?

The GRE revised General Test is available at more than 700 test centers in more than 160 countries. In most regions of the world, the computer?delivered test is available on a continuous basis throughout the year. In Mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Korea, the computer?delivered test is available one to two times per month. In areas of the world where computer?delivered testing is not available, the paper?delivered test is available up to three times a year in October, November and February.

Who Accepts It?

The GRE revised General Test is accepted at thousands of graduate and business schools as well as departments and divisions within these schools.

1.If you want to study for a master's degree in the USA, you'd better________．

A. achieve your career goals

B. earn as much money as possible

C. take the GRE revised General Test

D. vary educational and cultural background

2.In a less?developed area with very few computers, test?takers probably can't take the GRE revised General Test in ________．

A. August B. October C. November D. February

3.What is the purpose of this passage?

A. To sell test papers.

B. To introduce a kind of test.

C. To get new students for schools.

D. To compare two kinds of tests.

My son Gilbert was eight years old and had been in the Cub Scouts (童子军团) only a short time. Once he was handed a sheet of paper, a block of wood and four tires and told to return home and give them all to his father. That was not an easy task for Gilbert to do. The piece of paper was a set of instructions about how to build a wooden racing car. Gilbert's father laughed when he read the instructions. The block of wood remained untouched as the weeks passed.

Finally, I stepped in to see if I could figure it all out. Having no skills, I decided it would be best if I simply read the instructions and let Gilbert do the work. And he did. Within days, his block of wood was turning into a pinewood racing car.

Then the big night came. With his pinewood racing car in his hand and pride in his heart we headed to the big race. As the race was done in elimination fashion (淘汰赛形式), you could keep racing as long as you were the winner.

Finally, it was between Gilbert and the fastest?looking car there. As the race was about to begin, Gilbert asked if they could stop for a minute, because he wanted to pray. Then the race stopped.

Gilbert prayed in earnest for a very long minute. The Master came up to Gilbert and asked the obvious question, “So you prayed to win, Gilbert？”

My young son answered, “Oh, no Sir. It wouldn't be fair to ask God to help you beat someone else. I just asked him to make it so I don't cry when I lose.”

Children seem to have wisdom far beyond us. Perhaps we spend too much of our prayer time asking God to control the race, make us the champion, or remove us from the struggle, when we should be seeking God's strength to get through what lies in our way.

1.Gilbert's father thought the task given by the Cub Scouts could________．

A. be no trouble at all

B. be too easy for Gilbert

C. be beyond Gilbert's ability

D. require no skills

2.Who finally made the pinewood racing car?

A. Gilbert. B. Gilbert's father.

C. Gilbert's mother. D. The whole family.

3.What can we learn about Gilbert?

A. He made it in the final race.

B. His performance inspired his mom.

C. He thought the Master unfair.

D. He was very afraid of losing the race.

4.The author writes this passage to tell us that ________．

A. adults should communicate more with children

B. we should have faith in our ability to win

C. victory is the power to overcome difficulties

D. friendship is more important than winning

Perfectionists believe that not only is perfection achievable, but that it should be achieved whenever possible. They always try to make their work better, and often get pleasure from investing time and effort in their projects. They enjoy paying attention to detail and are often hard to please. After all, perfectionists almost always have nearly?impossible standards for themselves, much higher than what outside parties would generally hope for.

Most perfectionists are also highly?organized. They've perfected their work process along with everything else in their life. They have processes and patterns for handling almost anything that comes their way, from email to new projects and clients to bookkeeping. It can definitely add up to a more effective workday with less wasted time and effort.

Perfectionists can be thought of as overbearing(霸道的) by those who don't share their attitude. It can also be upsetting to clients who aren't interested in “perfect” and simply want their project done yesterday. When you strive for perfection, everything takes just a bit longer to get right. Even if you have a more efficient design and development process than many other designers, it is likely that you spend more time on each step than a lot of others do.

While most people who call themselves “perfectionists” do so in a light?hearted or positive manner, there are those out there to whom perfection becomes an obsession(痴迷). They consider anything less than perfect completely unacceptable. This can lead to obsessive behavior and can have damaging effects on their overall quality of life. Just feeling good about a job done to the best of your ability is entirely normal for a perfectionists and isn't something to worry about. But it becomes particularly dangerous when perfectionists feel they are never quite able to attain perfection, and so drive themselves crazy trying to always reach this unattainable goal.

These perfectionists often place their entire self?worth on their accomplishments and ability to reach perfection, and since they're never able to reach it, it creates a very negative self?image and low self?esteem or depression. The good news is that there are trained psychologists who can help those who are nervously obsessed with perfection to overcome their obsession.

1.Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of perfectionists?

A. They enjoy investing time and efforts.

B. They are not easy to satisfy.

C. They have special ways of handling emails.

D. They set high requirements for others.

2.Clients who are not satisfied with perfectionists think they need ________．

A. better co?workers B. bigger achievements

C. higher efficiency D. less organization skills

3.To perfectionists, their obsession with perfection is an act of ________．

A. showing psychological sickness

B. realizing their own value

C. wasting time and energy

D. improving their self?image

4.Which of the following will the author probably agree?

A. It's very normal to always do one's best in life.

B. Perfectionists should seek help as soon as possible.

C. Perfectionists should not be too proud of themselves.

D. People should not pursue perfection too much.

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Nobel Prize Winner Studied How People Spent Their Money

The winner of the 2015 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences studies how people spend their money.__ 1.__The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences is presenting the Economics Prize to Professor Angus Deaton of Princeton University in New Jersey. The Nobel committee says his research has mainly dealt with three questions：__2.__How much of society's wealth is spent and how much is saved? And, how do we best measure and study well?being and poverty?

Mr. Deaton used household surveys to collect detailed information about how families spend their money. People often asked him the question why he paid so much attention to household information. __3.__“Well, it's individually... it's about people in the end. You have to understand what makes people tick, and what's good for them. And for me it's always been about trying to understand behavior and to try to infer from that behavior, you know, how people are doing.”

The Nobel committee said Mr. Deaton's research has shown “how the clever use of household data can shed light on(阐明)issues such as the relationship between income and calorie intake, and the extent of gender discrimination with the family.”__4.__rather than theoretical ideas. Subjects of his research have included happiness, well?being and aging. At a press conference last month, the Nobel Prize winner said he was pleased that his work had been recognized. __5._“I think we have had a remarkable decrease for the past 20 to 30 years. I do expect that to continue，” he said.

A. Are you a saver or a spender?

B. He told reporters he believed poverty would decrease.

C. How do consumers distribute their spending among different goods?

D. He said that his studies were mainly about people and their behavior.

E. He also has explored how spending can affect both living conditions and poverty.

F. He examined the close relationship between poverty and the amount of calories in the food people ate

G. The Nobel committee also praised Mr. Deaton's work because it used detailed information about real people