Take That Tiger Mom

In the ongoing battle between Tiger Moms, French Mamas, and everyone else who wants to know what is the best way to raise their kids, a new study adds evidence that the extreme Tiger-style may do more harm than good.

Authoritarian parents are more likely to end up with disrespectful children with violent behaviors, the study found, compared to parents who listen to their kids with the goal of gaining trust.

It was the first study to look at how parenting styles affect the way teens view their parents and, in turn, how they behave.

The study considered three general styles of parenting. Authoritative parents are demanding and controlling while also being warm and sensitive to their children’s needs.

Authoritarian parents, on the contrary, are demanding and controlling without the appearance of caring, attachment and receptiveness. They take a “my way or the highway” approach to their kids.

Permissive parents, the third group, have warm and receptive qualities, but they set few boundaries and carry out few rules.

Using data on early 600 kids from an ongoing study of middle school and high school students in New Hampshire, researchers from the University of New Hampshire were able to find “my way or the highway” parenting with more violent behaviors like robbery, drug-taking, and attacking someone else with the intention of hurting or killing.

Firm but loving parenting, on the other hand, led to fewer lawbreakers. Permissive parenting, surprisingly, didn’t seem to make much of a difference either.

To explain the link between parenting style and behavior in kids, the researchers suggested that what matters most is how reasonable kids think their parents’ power is. This sense comes when kids trust that their parents are making the best decisions for them and believe that they need to do what their parents say even if they don’t always like how their parents are treating them.

When kids respect the power of their parents, the researchers reported in the journal of Adolescence, their behavior is better. Previous research has also linked firm but caring parenting with kids who have more self-control and independence.

“When children consider their parents to be the reliable figure, they trust the parents and feel that they have a duty to do what their parents tell them to do,” said lead researcher Pick Trinkner. “This is very important as the parent doesn’t have to rely on a system of rewards and punishments to control behavior and the child is more likely to follow the rules when the parent is not physically present.”

1.Tiger Moms and French Mamas are mentioned in the passage to _______.

A. give an example of authoritarian parenting

B. show the advantage of parenting

C. compare two types of parenting

D. introduce the topic

2.According to the research, what kind of parenting style is likely to cause children’s criminal behaviors?

A. Caring parenting. B. Permissive parenting.

C. Authoritarian parenting. D. Authoritative parenting.

3.Which of the following probably belongs to the action of the permissive parents?

A. Allowing the kids to stay up late at weekends as the kids like.

B. Beating the kids if the kids don’t follow their instructions.

C. Listening to the kids’ request and giving their demands.

D. Setting some rules and checking the kids’ behaviors.

4.According to the passage, children are more likely to obey the rules when _______.

A. their parents listen to them totally

B. they believe in and accept their parents

C. their parents are sensitive to their needs

D. their parents demand and control their behaviors

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

A Good Night’s Sleep

When the morning sun looks in through your bedroom window, do you jump out of bed? 1. An adequate amount of sleep can make the difference between a great day and a terrible one!

A good night’s sleep doesn’t just happen. You need to prepare for it. 2. First, go to bed at the same time every day, and get up at the same time. If you haven’t gotten a good night’s sleep, don’t oversleep the next morning. Get up at your regular time. Sleeping late for just a couples of days can change your body clock to a different cycle. You don’t want that if you have a set daily schedule.

Also, avoid big meals at night. 3. Your stomach works hard to digest those fatty foods, and that may keep you up.

Your body produces a chemical called melatonin (褪黑色素) that helps you sleep. Light affects the amount of melatonin your body makes. 4. So at night turn off your TV and computer. Also, don’t read from a backlit electronic equipment like an IPad. Some scientists think that the light from those stops your body from making melatonin. So turn those screens off at least an hour before bedtime.

Maybe you can’t sleep or you wake up in the middle of the night. 5. Get up and do something relaxing elsewhere. Then go back to bed when you feel asleep again. If you worry a lot, make a list of things you need to do the next day. Do that an hour before bed. That way you get your worrying out of the way before you go to bed.

After a good night’s sleep, you’ll be able to face a new day.

A. Don’t just lie in bed.

B. You can have three meals a day.

C. Or do you roll over and complain?

D. Various experts have given tips to help.

E. Your TV and computers might affect your sleep.

F. It produces more in the evening and less in the daytime.

G. Eating heavy, rich food within two hours of bedtime can keep you awake.

Pure Yoga (菩尔瑜伽）is devoted to serving the yoga community in Asia and beyond，offering a wide variety of classes such as Hatha Yoga，Hot Yoga，Yin Yoga Vinyasa，etc. Our yoga classes are offered and taught by nearly 200 professional yoga teachers. Private Yoga is also available for learners of all levels. Pure Yoga constantly invites world-known teachers to lead guest teacher workshops.

Class Booking

Class bookings can be made 2 days in advance of the class. It is important that you book your class in advance since some classes are more heavily attended than others.

We also limit our class sizes so that they are not overcrowded. If a class you wish to take is full, we will place you on the wait list and inform you of an opening as soon as possible. To create the best experience for yourself and others，please follow these guidelines：

No talking

The yoga studio is a silent room. Please do not talk while in the studio and studio corridors(走廊).

No eating

Do not eat in the studio.

No shoes

Remove your shoes before entering the practice rooms. Keep your shoes in your locker (寄存柜).Shoe lockers are also available for rental.

No mobile phones

Turn your mobile phones off or to “vibrate”（震动）mode. Do not take phones into the practice rooms.

Personal Belongings

Daily lockers are not for overnight use. Locks from any daily lockers that are kept overnight will be cut.

1.Who will teach general learners yoga?

A. favorite yoga teacher.

B. professional yoga teacher.

C. world-known yoga teacher.

D. private yoga teacher.

2.When should you book your class?

A. One month ahead of time.

B. Two months ahead of time.

C. Two days ahead of time.

D. One day ahead of time.

3.In the practicing room，you can_____ .

A. keep your shoes in the locker

B. wear any shoes you like

C. talk with your friends on the phone

D. eat some snacks if you are hungry

Like lots of other girls and boys，when Lisa Cao was a kid，she used to watch the Olympics. “I always wanted to be good at sport and I found athletic potential in my body”， the New York City citizen tells her friends. But there was no sport available so she took up piano lessons. Then，at the age of 15，she decided to drop the lessons and put her athletic potential to the test with running. At age 18，Lisa Cao ran her first-ever marathon in New York City. And now，the 27-year-old has 54 marathons (26. miles) and ultramarathons (100miles) under her belt.

What does it take to be an ultramarathoner? A lot of devotion，even when difficulties occur sometimes. “Making time for running is really hard when life is so busy，” she says. “There’s a big work-life balance that I have to keep. I have to wake up earlier on the weekends. And oh，the potential for excuses! With NYC’s wild winters as of late，it’s easy to blame the weather，roll over in bed and put off a solid run. I have a fix for this，though，” she says. “Cute clothes. With the horrible weather， I bought cute clothes as motivation to run and actually wear them. ”

While she’s training during low season in the winter，Lisa Cao tries to run a “base” of 20 to 30 miles per week to stay prepared. During high season in the spring and summer，she’ll run around 30 to 40 miles，but she also gets a lot of quality miles from her races.

1. When did Lisa Cao run her first marathon?

A. At the age of 27.

B. When she was 15 years old.

C. Three years after she began running.

D. Nine years after she dropped her piano lessons.

2. What made Lisa Cao have the desire of joining in sports?

A. Being different from other kids of her age.

B. Wanting to join in the Olympics.

C. Having no interest in piano lessons.

D. Having athletic potential.

3.Why does Lisa Cao buy beautiful clothes in terrible weather?

A. To have a better sleep.

B. To motivate herself to keep running.

C. To protect herself from any harm.

D. To save time for further training.

4.Where is the text probably taken from?

A. A sport website

B. A science book.

C. A college poster

D. A football magazine.

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

When you begin to research your family history， you’ll get to know your parents and grandparents in a different way. You’ll see them through their memories of others. Here are some tips on how to write your family history：

1. Record their memories on paper，on audio cassette or videotape.

Take photos of relatives. They should include the old homes where they lived and the places where ancestors are buried. 2.

Read every old letter. Go through any old letter you might have saved from your parents and relatives. 3. These will give you insight into common everyday events that almost everyone has forgotten.

4. You may want to collect this history only as a family record for yourself and your children. Or you might want to have it printed in booklet form for family and any others who are interested in what your family has

done. Nowadays，with desktop publishing programs，you can even publish the family history yourself，without having to take it to a printer.

Keep memories alive. Family histories are fascinating. 5. There are always some people who neglected to write down the tales of the past and record the family stories. If you don’t do this now，some day you’ll say，“I wish I’d written all that information down for my children and future generations. ”

A. Publish a history.

B. Visit other relatives.

C. Talk with your parents.

D. Don’t let yours be forgotten.

E. Write down your inner feeling.

F. In addition，remember those you’ve written them.

G. Meanwhile，search old photo albums of other relatives.

短文改错

My mom and I am fighting. We used to get on so well， and these days， she has been arguing with me about my not coming to home. She thinks I should spend more time help her with the housework instead going out a lot. In her eyes，I’m just a lazy boy whom only loves playing. The fact is that some of my friends and I are going to different school soon，so I want to spend as many time as I can with them. I knew I should try to understand the situation from her point of view.But I hope she can understand what important these friends are to me.

书面表达

最近在学校的论坛上，你看到有不少同学用英语在交流听力如何突破的问题。 以下要点提示，写一篇英语网帖参与交流。内容包括：

1.掌握听力技巧和方法，多向老师和同学求助；

2.听、说相结合，多听的同时注重口语训练。

3.充分利用网络、英文电台等听力资源。

注意：

1.词数100左右。

2.可以适当展开联想。

You may have never heard of Lanthanum, Cerium or Neodymium, but these elements (元素) and others known as “rare earth” play a major role in modern technology. They can actually be found in many places on the earth, but not in quantities that can be mined. Only a few countries — China, America, India, Australia, Brazil and Malaysia have any that can be mined enough to be traded.

Even though some of these elements such as Cerium are as abundant as Copper, they are not found in concentrated amounts on the earth’s surface. They are often mixed together with other metals, which makes extraction (提取) of these elements an expensive and an environmentally messy process. It was due to this reason that the term “rare earth” was invented.

Rare earth metals are used widely in our life. Rechargeable car batteries, computers, iPhones, DVD players, computer monitors, televisions, lighting, lasers, glass polishing, and superconductors all use quantities of rare earth metals. Also, with the advancement in “green” technology like solar panels, these shiny materials are becoming more important than ever. An average electric car uses 10 pounds of Lanthanum for its rechargeable battery!

America has large deposits (存储量) of rare earths and has one of the first mines. It was opened in Southern California in 1940. The element “Europium” was the first metal to be separated in quantity for use in color televisions. However, in the 1980’s and 1990’s, as China started producing these elements in Inner Mongolia, the mines in America and elsewhere could not keep pace. The mine in Mountain Pass, California also failed environmental regulations and shut down in 2002.

Now, recognizing the importance of having more than one supplier of this important resource, other rare earth owning countries like India and Australia are either dusting off their rare earth mines or speeding up their production. It is believed that the debate over rare earths will become louder in the coming months and years.

1.What can we learn about rare earths?

A. They are actually as abundant as Copper.

B. They can be mined easily as other metals.

C. They can only be found in a few countries.

D. They are not really as rare as they are named.

2.Compared with China, America _____.

A. paid more attention to Europium

B. has larger deposits of rare earths

C. started producing rare earths earlier

D. has more rare earth mines

3.It can be inferred from the text that rare earths _____.

A. are now in great demand

B. can now be used in few fields

C. are harmful to the environment

D. will soon be replaced by other metals

Should universities focus on training workers for the next decade or curing diseases for the next century? A group of governors, educators, and CEOs weighed in on the best way universities can prepare for the future. They debated how the U.S. can take the responsibility for research while still preparing students for real jobs.

Oklahoma Governor Mary Fallin said that the first thing she thinks about as governor is educating Oklahoma students and strengthening the workforce. So she’s carrying out a program called “America Works: Education and Training for Tomorrow’s Jobs” that aims to “reorganize our education system with the current needs of our employers”.

The state governor added that this new educational approach doesn’t just benefit students and companies, but also improves the state economy. “We’ve been able to attract new companies to our state because of what we’re doing with our universities, because our students are a pipeline for the workforce,” she said. “General Electric Company (one of the world’s biggest companies) is coming to Oklahoma.”

Other group members were more focused on the long-term goals of a research university. Amy Gutmann pointed out that “basic research is the foundation for everything else that happens at a university. And if we don’t do it, nobody else will.”

“And if nobody does that research, we’ll pay the price in health care bills,” argued Vagelos, who is a former CEO of Merck & Co., Inc, one of the largest pharmaceutical (制药的) companies in the world. “The jobs of universities are basic research, which is what is needed for attacks on disease,” he said. “There has been a reduction in coronary heart disease (冠心病) by 60% in the last forty years because of this research, and that reduces health care costs.”

James Hunt, former North Carolina governor, argued for a happy medium. Effective communication, he said, would help the public see that the research conducted at universities actually serves a practical purpose.

Eli Broad, founder of the Broad Foundations, agreed. “We have to show the public what research has achieved,” he said. “We have to show how it actually goes from basic research to something they can understand.”

1.Why does Oklahoma appeal to General Electric Company?

A. University graduates in the state are well trained.

B. There’s much support from the local government.

C. Many students in the state hope to be workers.

D. The state economy has been growing rapidly.

2.What is Gutmann’s attitude toward Fallin’s program?

A. Curious. B. Tolerant.

C. Disapproving. D. Sympathetic.

3.Vagelos mentioned coronary heart disease in order to show _____.

A. the achievements of Merck & Co., Inc

B. the difficulty of developing new drugs

C. the heavy burden of health care costs

D. the importance of basic research

4.Which of the following can be the best title of this text?

A. Universities or colleges?

B. Workers or researchers?

C. Basic or further research?

D. Education or development?

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

A: What kind of music do you like listening to?

B: I like music1.________ has a fast beat and is lively, like dance music. You know, I go to a disco almost every week. Sometimes it’s too loud though. You prefer classical music, don’t you?

A: Yes, I do. I find2.________ very relaxing. I often listen to Mozart or Bach in the evening after3.________ hard day at work.

B: I must admit that I like several pieces of classical music. It’s certainly more complex4.________ modern dance music.

A: Classical music is supposed to be good for your brain. Research suggests that it5.________ (make) your brain more active. Students who listen to classical music while6.________ (study) perform better.

B: Really? Perhaps I should listen to classical music more often. I heard that listening to classical music is7.________ (help) in reducing stress.

A: Yes. That’s8.________ I listen to it in the evenings. I9.________ (usual) play it as background music while I’m doing some housework.

B: That’s a good idea. Classical music might make you clever, but dance might make you livelier and happier.

A: That’s true. There’s clear10.________ (evident) that people who listen to lively music are lively people. Music can influence a person’s feeling and character.

B: Exactly.