Researchers from France and Italy discovered that Canadian parents are less strict with their children than mothers and fathers in France and Italy.

“Our most important finding was the difference between Canadians and the others，” said Professor Michel Claes，the lead author of the study.“Canadians focus on independence and negotiation．On the other hand，Italians，for example，exercise more control．We found Canadians seem to focus on negotiation in case of a conflict.”

Claes said Canada，France and Italy were selected for the study because they share important cultural and social factors.“We chose French?Canadians because they share the same language as France，and originally came from France and share certain values．Italy was included because it was considered to have similar，strong and important family values，” he explained.

The researchers examined the emotional ties between parents and their children by questioning 1,256 students aged 11 to 19 years old.

Canadian students reported less control and more free actions，according to the study．Italian parents were stricter and French parents were somewhere in the middle.

Claes explains that the differences lie in education in Canada，France and Italy.

“North America has its own educational values，which promote individualization．Tolerance and comprehension are encouraged．Italy，on the other hand，promotes respect of authority，control，and the need for permission.” he said.

Children from all three countries described their mothers as warm and communicative．Italian and Canadian children had similar feelings about their fathers，and reported high levels of emotional ties．But French fathers were generally thought by their children to be more distant and cold.

“We were surprised by this，” Claes admitted.“It seems as though the relationships between French mothers and their children were becoming closer over time，while fathers maintain a form of distance and coldness，which is more of a source of conflict in France than in the other countries.”

1.Professor Michel Claes believes that Canada，France and Italy ________.

A．have the same family spirit

B．have some similar cultural traditions

C．have experienced some similar social changes

D．have experienced similar cultural developments

2.How did the researchers carry out the study ?

A．By collecting answers of parents from Canada，France and Italy.

B．By collecting answers of children from Canada，France and Italy.

C．By questioning parents and their children from Italian Canadian families.

D．By questioning children from French?Canadian families.

3.According to Michel Claes，what mainly leads to the differences in parent?children relationships among Canada，France and Italy?

A．Educational opportunities.

B．Traditional ideas.

C．Educational values.

D．Historical events.

4.Which of the following is NOT a finding of the study?

A．French children have troubled relationships with their parents.

B．Canadian children have close relationships with their parents.

C．Italian children have good relationships with their parents.

D．Kids from Canada，France and Italy have closer ties with their moms.

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的适当形式。

By 2050，Futurologists（未来学家） predict that life will probably be very different 1._____ 2050.

TV channels will have disappeared. 2.________, people will choose a program from a “menu” and a computer will send the program3.______(direct) to the television．Today, we can use the World Wide Web 4._______read newspaper stories and see pictures on a computer thousands of kilometers away．By 2050, music, films, programs, newspapers, 5.______ books will come to us by computer.

Cars will run on new, clean fuels and they will go very fast．Cars will have computers to control the speed and there won’t6._____any accidents．Today, many cars have computers 7._______tell drivers exactly where they are．By 2050, the computer will control the car and drive it to your destination．Space planes will take people halfway around the world 8._____ 2 hours．Today, 9._______United States Space Shuttle can go into space and 10._____ on Earth again．By 2050, space planes will fly all over the world and people will fly from Los Angeles to Tokyo in just 2 hours.

Robots will have 11.______(place) people in factories．Many factories already use robots．Big companies prefer robots—they don’t ask for pay rises or go on strike, and they work 24 hours a 12.______．By 2050, we will see robots everywhere—in factories, schools, offices, hospitals, shops and homes.

Medical technology will have conquered many 13.________．Today, there is equipment that connects directly to the brain14.___ (help) people hear．By 2050, we will be able to help blind and deaf people to see and hear15.______

完形填空（共1小题）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A, B, C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Shirley Allen loved to sing and play the piano．She studied music in college and her_________was to become a concert pianist or blues singer．Everything_________when she was 20 years old．She became sick with what doctors _________ was typhoid fever(伤寒)and she almost died．Doctors gave her medicine to help her get well, but the medicine _________her to become_________deaf．She could no longer hear the music which she had always_________

Shirley would never give up playing the piano, _________she did decide to change_________.She transferred to Gallaudet University and studied English .In 1964 Shirley graduated from Gallaudet and looked for_________.She wanted to be _________and work full time .

For three years, Shirley worked as a clerk in Washington,D.C．_________,in 1967 she was asked to work at Gallaudet University as a dorm supervisor(宿舍监管员).Shirley supervised young women who_________in the university during the school year．She also taught English．Somehow she found time to_________ graduate school at Howard University in Washington,D.C．In 1972,Shirley received her M.A.degree.

Always _________ a new challenge, in 1973 Shirley became a professor at National Technical Institute for the Deaf (NTID), which_________deaf and hard-of-hearing students technical and professional training.

This_________ woman became the first black deaf female in the world to receive her Ph.D．She made _________in 1992_________she received the highest degree in education from the University of Rochester in New York.

Dr.Shirley Jeanne Allen has traveled many roads and_________many rainbows searching for her dream．With courage and_________,she never gave up.

1.A．job B．interest C．duty D．dream

2.A．disappeared B．changed C．stopped D．ended

3.A．said B．agreed C．found D．thought

4.A．allowed B．caused C．encouraged D．enabled

5.A．almost B．actually C．totally D．gradually

6.A．loved B．played C．performed D．remembered

7.A．and B．so C．but D．even if

8.A．career B．interest C．life D．attitude

9.A．information B．help C．an assistant D．a job

10.A．happy B．independent C．free D．confident

11.A．However B．Then C．Therefore D．Besides

12.A．worked B．studied C．lived D．played

13.A．attend B．observe C．describe D．advertise

14.A．interested in B．busy with C．concerned about D．ready for

15.A．teaches B．offers C．pays D．promises

16.A．amazing B．strict C．wealthy D．beautiful

17.A．progress B．excuses C．suggestions D．history

18.A．after B．while C．until D．when

19.A．found B．watched C．followed D．appreciated

20.A．intelligence B．determination C．strength D．pride

Knowing how much her own children loved presents at Christmas，Ann Sutton always tried to seek help for one or two poor families．With a social worker mother，the Sutton children．had inherited（继承）her commitment to service，and knew never to take their good fortune at Christmas for granted．This year，Kinzie，her seven-year-old daughter was thrilled that Santa Claus would make a special visit to a 22-year-old mother named Ashley who worked in a factory raising her 12-month-old son by herself．

The phone rang on Sunday．A representative from a local organization was calling to say that the aid Ann had requested for Ashley had fallen through．No Santa Claus，no presents，nothing．

Ann saw the cheer fade away from her children's faces at the news．Without a word，Kinzie ran into her bedroom．She returned，her face set with determination．

Opening up her piggy bank，she put all the coins onto the table: $3．30．Everything she had．

“Mom，”she told Ann，“I know it's not much．But maybe this will buy a present for the baby．”

At a breakfast meeting the next day，Ann told her coworkers about her daughter story．To her surprise，staff members began to open their purses．and empty their pockets to help Kinzie．

On Christmas Eve，Ann drove through the pouring rain to the small trailer where the Ashley’s lived．Then she began to unload the gifts from the car，handing them to Ashley one by one．

Ashley was very moved．Reflecting on a little girl's generosity，Ashley says she'll one day be able to do something similar for someone else in need．“Kinzie could have used that money for herself，but she gave it away，”Ashley says．“She's the type of kid I'd like my son to grow up to be．”

1.According to the text，Ann Sutton__________．

A．only cares about poor children

B．has possessed a good fortune

C．is warm-hearted and ready to help others

D．is a single mother with a 12-month-old boy'．

2.When hearing the aid had fallen through，Kinzie__________

A．was not sad but cheerfu1

B．put all her coins away immediately

C．told her mother to ask the coworkers for help

D．decided to buy a present for the baby with all her allowance

3.From the text we can learn that ____________．

A．Ann would act as Santa Claus to hand out the Christmas presents

B．the Sutton children always got lots of presents at Christmas

C．Kinzie's generosity influenced others and they clici something similar

D．Ashley was moved and promised to return the money

4.What does the text mainly talk about？

A．How a warm-hearted mother shows her love to a poor family．

B．How a mother and her young daughter helped a poor family．

C．Many people make contributions to those in need．

D．What happened to a poor family on Christmas Eve．

D

Mars（火星）appears to be flowing with small streams of salty water，at least in the summer，scientists reported Monday．“It suggests that．it would be possible for there to be life today on Mars，”NASA's science mission chief，John Grunsfeld，said at a news conference on September 28，2015．

The streams are about 12 to 15 feet wide and 300 feet or more long，scientists said．“What we're dealing with is wet soil．thin layers of wet soil，not standing water，”said Aifred McEwen of the University of Arizona at Tueson！the principal scientist for the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's high-resolution imaging experiment．

Because liquid water is essential to life，the findings could have major implications for the possibility of Martian life．The researchers said further exploration is needed to determine whether microscopic life exists on the planet．

The presence of liquid water could also make life easier for astronauts visiting or living on Mars．Water could be used for drinking and for creating oxygen and rocket fuel．NASA's goal is to send humans there in the 2030s．

The evidence of flowing water consists largely of dark，narrow streaks(条痕) on the surface that tend to appear and grow during the warmest Martian months and fade the rest of the year．

Mars is extremely cold even in summer，and the streaks are in places where the temperature is as low as minus 10 degrees Fahrenheit．But salt can lower the freezing point of water and melt ice．

The source（源头）of the water is a mystery．Scientists noted it could be melting ice．It could be an underground aquifer，which is rock or sand that can hold water．It is possibly water vapor from the thin Martian atmosphere，Or it may be a combination Michael Meyer，lead scientist for NASA's Mars exploration program，said the only definitive way for now to determine whether there's life on Mars is to collect rocks and soil for analysis on Earth - something a U．S．lander set for lift-off in 2020 will do．

1.What would be the best title for the text？

A．Streams of Water Spotted on Mars

B．Astronauts will Land on Mars

C．NASA's Mars Exploration Program

D．A Breakthrough in the Exploration of Mars

2.According to John Grunsfeld，there seems to be ________on Mars．

A．salty water

B．standing water

C．rocket fuel

D．human beings

3.Scientists are uncertain about the __________of the water on Mars．

A．state B．source C．temperature D．taste

4.What matters to the existence of liquid water on Mars？

A．The distance from the sun．

B．The favorable climate．

C．The gravity of the earth

D．The salt in it．

信息匹配（共1小题）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Winter begins in the north on December 22nd．People and animals have been doing what they always do to prepare for the colder months，Sqzeirrels，for example，have been busy gathering nuts from trees．_____1._____

They examined differences between red squirrels and gray squirrels in the American state of Indiana．The scientists wanted to know how these differences could affect the growth of black walnut(黑胡桃）trees．_____2._____The black walnut tree is also a central part of some hardwood forests．

Rob Swihart of Purdue University did the study with Jake Goheen，a former Purdue student nowat the University of New Mexico．The two researchers estimate that several times as many walnuts grow when gathered by gray squirrels as compared to red squirrels．Gray squirrels and red squirrels do not store nuts and seeds in the same way．Gray squirrels bury nuts one at a time in a number of places．____3.____So some nuts remain in the ground．Conditions are right for them to develop and grow the following spring．Red squirrels，however，store large groups of nuts above ground．

____4.____But Professor Swihart says their numbers began to decrease as more forests were cut for agriculture．Red squirrels began to spread through the state during the past century．The researchers say red squirrels are native to forests that stay green all year，unlike walnut trees．They say the cleaning of forest land for agriculture has helped red squirrels invade（涌入）Indiana．____5._____

A．Gray squirrels are native to Indiana．

B．But they seldom remember where they buried every nut．

C．Red squirrels bury nuts in a different way．

D．The black walnut is the nut of choice for both kinds of squirrels．

E．Jake Goheen calls them a sign of an environmental problem more than a cause．

F．Scientists are worried that they will drive away the gray squirrels．

G．Well，scientists have been busy gathering information about what the squirrels do with the food they collect．

短文改错（共1小题）

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有1 0处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1．每处错误及其修改均限一词。

2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Mrs．White was in hurry to visit her grandson because she missed her very much．

It was nearly three months when she last saw her grandson．When she was walking by a playground，a football fly in her direction．She was already in her seventy．Should she kick the ball back and should she just go past leave it where it was? Finally she gave it a kick with greatly effort and the ball went straight on into the goal．What amazing it was! She helped them win the game．

书面表达（共1小题）

假设你叫李华，你的英国朋友Chris打算在校园网上成立一个中文读书俱乐部，他来信向你寻求帮助和建议。请你根据以下提示回信。

1．在网络上发布相关信息；

2．在校园张贴海报；

3．定期组织读书活动，交流读书心得．

注意：1．词数不少于l00左右；

2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Chris，

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Yours，

Li Hua．

Justin Bieber may have millions of fans worldwide, but Russia’s bears don’t appear to admire the pop singer’s music --- which proved fortunate for one lucky fisherman.

Igor Vorozhbitsyn had his life saved by a Justin Bieber ringtone, when his mobile phone went off during a dangerous attack by a brown bear.

The 42-year-old was attacked as he was walking to a favourite fishing spot in northern Russia’s Yakutia Republic and firmly believed that he was going to be killed.

Wildlife experts believe the ringtone must have frightened the bear into stopping its attack.

‘Sometimes a sharp shock can stop an angry bear in its attack and that ringtone would be a very unexpected sound for a bear,’ explained one．

Mr Vorozhbitsyn suffered from cuts and severe wounds and was rescued when he was found by other fishermen after using the phone to call for help.

Mr Vorozhbitsyn ---now recovering from his wounds---explained: ‘I had parked my car and was walking towards the spot I’d marked out when there was a tremendous impact on my back and the bear was on top of me.’

‘I couldn’t believe my luck when the phone went off and it run away.’

‘I know that sort of ringtone isn’t to everyone’s taste but my granddaughter loaded it onto my phone for a joke,’ he added.

Adult brown bears can weigh as much as 600kg and have been known to kill wolves and even Siberian tigers.

Finally, this is a proof that Justin Bieber is unbearable

1.Igor Vorozhbitsyn was attacked when____.

A．he was fishing at his favourite fishing spot.

B．he was walking towards his favourite fishing spot.

C．he was phoning his granddaughter.

D．he was driving to his favourite fishing spot.

2.The bear stopped attacking because___.

A．Justin Bieber came to rescue Igor Vorozhbitsyn.

B．Justin Bieber sang to it.

C．Justin Bieber’s ringtone was a sudden fright to it.

D．Igor Vorozhbitsyn’s mobile phone was a sudden fright to it.

3.What is the writer’s attitude towards Justin Bieber?

A．positive

B．negative

C．neutral (中立的)

D．not mentioned

4.What does the last paragraph imply?

A．Justin Bieber’s music is popular all over the world.

B．Justin Bieber’s music is life-saving.

C．Justin Bieber’s music is threatening.

D．Even bears cannot stand Justin Bieber’s music.

完形填空（共1小题）

My daughter is a single parent．She works hard to ______ for herself and her three young sons．She budgets carefully and ______ to plan for the little luxuries (奢侈品) and treats that others take for granted．When her eldest son, David, wanted a ______ so that he could do an after-school newspaper delivery job, she ______ and soon, he was the proud ______ of a good second-hand bike.

One afternoon, my daughter asked David to go to a local shop．He rode his bicycle, ______ foolishly left it outside the shop without ______ it up．When David came out of the shop, it was______．He walked home in ______ and then, together with his frustrated mother, went to the local police station to report the ______.

Imagine their ______ when they arrived at the station: a car parked out front had David’s bike wedged (挤进) in its boot (汽车后部的行李箱)．The ______ told them how he’d seen a group of kids ______ the bike once my grandson had gone inside the shop.

The driver – in his late teens himself – had called out to them to “leave that bike ______!” Despite this, one member of the group ______ on the bicycle and rode it away while the others followed．Not to be ______, the teen got in his car, drove after them and ______ that they give the stolen bike back.

He was happy to be able to ______ it to my grandson together with a lecture (echoed by the policeman and his mother) about the silliness of _____ to use the bike lock．______, in all the excitement, he slipped away, without even giving them his name or telephone number.

1.A．stand B．provide C．change D．watch

2.A．permits B．refuses C．manages D．decides

3.A．bicycle B．watch C．phone D．backpack

4.A．gave out B．set aside C．saved up D．worked up

5.A．driver B．worker C．seller D．owner

6.A．and B．but C．so D．when

7.A．locking B．picking C．covering D．hiding

8.A．left B．missed C．broken D．gone

9.A．surprise B．trouble C．tears D．peace

10.A．danger B．theft C．accident D．fight

11.A．joy B．regret C．anger D．disappointment

12.A．policeman B．manager C．teacher D．driver

13.A．ride B．fix C．steal D．knock

14.A．out B．off C．away D．alone

15.A．jumped B．touched C．walked D．moved

16.A．annoyed B．angry C．confused D．discouraged

17.A．advised B．demanded C．forced D．promised

18.A．donate B．explain C．return D．pass

19.A．learning B．teaching C．reminding D．failing

20.A．Besides B．Then C．Finally D．Therefore