If you know exactly what you want, the best route to a job is to get specialized training．A recent survey shows that companies like graduates in such fields as business and health care who can go to work immediately with very little on-the-job training．

That’s especially true of booming fields that are challenging for workers．At Cornell’s School of Hotel Administration, for example, bachelor’s degree graduates get an average of four or five job offers with salaries ranging from the high teens to the low 20s and plenty of chances for rapid advancement．Large companies, especially, like a background of formal education coupled with work experience．

But in the long run, too much specialization doesn’t pay off．Business, which has been flooded with MBAs, no longer considers the degree an automatic stamp of approval．The MBA may open doors and command a higher salary initially, but the impact of a degree washes out after five years．

As further evidence of the erosion(销蚀)of corporate(公司的)faith in specialized degrees, Michigan State’s Scheetz cites a pattern in corporate hiring practices．Although companies tend to take on specialists as new hires, they often seek out generalists for middle and upper-level management．“They want someone who isn’t constrained(限制)by nuts and bolts to look at the big picture, ” says Scheetz．

Time and again labor-market analysts mention a need for talents that liberal-arts majors are assumed to have：writing and communication skills, organizational skills, open-mindedness and adaptability, and the ability to analyze and solve problems．David Birch claims he does not hire anybody with an MBA or an engineering degree, “I hire only liberal-arts people because they have a less-than-canned way of doing things, ” says Birch．Liberal-arts means an academically thorough and strict program that includes literature, history, mathematics, economics, science, human behavior-plus a computer course or two．With that under your belt, you can feel free to specialize．“A liberal-arts degree coupled with an MBA or some other technical training is a very good combination in the marketplace, ” says Scheetz．

1. What kinds of people are in high demand on the job market?

A. Students with a bachelor’s degree in humanities．

B. People with an MBA degree from top universities．

C. People with formal schooling plus work experience

D. People with special training in engineering．

2.By saying “…but the impact of a degree washes out after five years”(Line 5, Para．3), the author means ________．

A. most MBA programs fail to provide students with a solid foundation

B. an MBA degree does not help promotion to managerial positions

C. MBA programs will not be as popular in five years’ time as they are now

D. in five people will forget about the degree the MBA graduates have got

3. David Birch claims that he only hires liberal-arts people because ________．

A. they are more capable of handling changing situations

B. they can stick to established ways of solving problems

C. they are thoroughly trained in a variety of specialized fields

D. they have attended special programs in management

4.Which of the following statements does the author support?

A. Specialists are more expensive to hire than generalists．

B. Formal schooling is less important than job training．

C. On-the-job training is, in the long run, less costly．

D. Generalists will outdo specialists in management．

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

One rainy afternoon Betty 1. (seat)on the stairs of a temple in Nepal, before which lay a muddy square. People had to walk on 2. artificial path made by a line of bricks 3. (get) to the other side. A friend of 4. complained all the way while 5. (step)on the bricks walking towards her. Looking around, her friend said extremely 6. (patience), “Disgusting indeed! What if I fall into the dirty water?” Since he was her 7. (acquaint), she nodded cautiously, hoping to comfort him by her silent sympathy.

A few minutes later another friend turned 8. at the same scene. She walked on the same brick path dancing briskly and singing merrily, “Jump, jump, jump!” until she reached the dirty ground. She couldn’t help shouting, “ 9. fun it is!” Eyes beaming with joy, she made the remarks, “The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is 10. one can entirely be free from dust.”

Now many young people are traveling around the world on their own, not because they have no one to travel with, but because they prefer to go alone.

Kristina Wegscheider from California first traveled alone when she was at college and believes that it is something everyone should do at least once in their life. “It opens up your mind to new things and pushes you out of your comfort zone.” Wegscheider has visited 46 countries covering all seven continents.

In foreign countries, with no one to help you read a map, look after you if you get ill, or lend you money if your wallet is stolen, it is challenging. This is what drives young people to travel alone. It is seen as character building and a chance to prove that they can make it on their own.

Chris Richardson decided to leave his sales job in Australia to go traveling last year. He set up a website, The Aussie Nomad, to document his adventures. He says he wished he had traveled alone earlier. “The people you meet, the places you visit, or the things you do, everything is up to you and it forces you to grow as a person,” said the 30-year-old man.

Richardson describes traveling alone like “a shot in the arm”, which “makes you a more confident person that is ready to deal with anything”. He said, “The feeling of having overcome something on my own is a major part of what drives me each day when I’m dealing with a difficult task. I walk around with my head up because I know deep down inside that nothing is impossible if you try.”

The great 19th century explorer John Muir once said, “Only by going alone in silence can one truly get into the heart of the wilderness.”

1.Which of the following will Kristina Wegscheider agree with?

A. Traveling alone is a necessary experience for everyone.

B. It is more meaningful to travel in foreign countries.

C. It is comfortable to travel around without a friend.

D. Traveling abroad helps people to find new things.

2.Traveling alone is challenging because ________.

A. you have to make things on your own

B. it is hard for you to prove yourself to others

C. you can only depend on yourself whatever happens

D. it will finally build your character

3.What can we infer about Chris Richardson?

A. He started traveling alone at an early age.

B. He was once shot in the arm.

C. He used to work as a salesman.

D. His website inspires others a lot.

4.What is the best title for the passage?

A. Travel Abroad B. Travel Alone

C. Travel Light D. Travel Wide and Far

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

Are you truly happy? Do you ever know what it means to be happy and what it takes to achieve happiness? 1. . The following are a few tips that I follow to create happiness in my life.

Make a plan for attaining goals that you believe will make you happy. Your moods will very likely increase if you are going after something you value.

Surround yourself with happy people. It is easy to begin to think negatively when you are surrounded by people who think that way. 2. .

When something goes wrong, try to figure out a solution instead of being absorbed in self pity. Truly happy people don' t allow setbacks to affect their mood because they know that with a little thought they can turn the circumstances back to their favor.

3. . These few minutes will give you the opportunity to focus on the positive things in your life and will lead you to continuous happiness.

4. . Whether you treat yourself to lunch, take a long, relaxing bath or simply spend a few extra minutes on your appearance, you will be subconsciously (下意识地) putting yourself in a better mood.

Finding the humor in situations can also lead to happiness. Find a way to make light of a situation that would otherwise make you happy.

Keeping healthy is another way to achieve happiness. 5. .

A. What makes one person happy may be very different from what makes someone else happy.

B. On the contrary, if you are around people who are happy, their emotional state will be influenced.

C. Being overweight or not eating nutritious foods can have a negative effect on your mood.

D. These are important questions for anyone who is seeking happiness to ask themselves.

E. Spend a few minutes each day thinking about the things that make you happy.

F. There are some tips in life that lead to happiness.

G. It' s also important to take some time each day to do something nice for yourself.

短文改错

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

It was almost five years since I began to learn English. I’m glad to say I’m getting along well with it. However, first I came across a lot of difficulties. I couldn’t pronounce English sounds good, nor could I remember the words I had learned. In class, I couldn’t understand that the teacher had said. I almost lost my heart when the teacher said to me, “Keeping on and you will do well.” I was greatly encouraging. I started working hard at English. With the help by my teacher and classmates, I made some progresses. I’m very pleased, but I will work harder.

Kompong Phhluk Private Tour

Depart the city for an unspoiled floating community called Kompong Phhluk which is astonishing for its stilted-house villages and flooded forest.

Stop on the way for the Rolous Market tour. This is a great chance for you to take the photos of locals selling vegetables, different fish species and other local produce.

After this market tour we’ll all have a boat trip to the floating community of Kompong Phhluk, visit an island pagoda, a school and houses standing on 8 or 10m high stilts, fish farms and learn about the village life.

Stop and have lunch in a family’s house before getting into a row boat and venturing into the flooded forest, the habitat to some famous water-bird species.

Eventually we jump back into the big boat and set off for the largest fresh water lake in SE Asia, Tonle Sap.

Tour Details

·Departs 8:30am

·Returns around 2pm

·A picnic lunch with sandwiches and drinks is provided. We cannot provide local food from the area due to poor sanitation（卫生）, lack of hygiene standards and refrigeration.

·No passes required

Rates

·These rates are based on an English speaking guide.

·Rates include all transport, water and a picnic lunch.

·Children 11 years and under are 50%.

·Children 4 years and below are free.

·If your group is larger than 5 people, please email us for the best rate.

Number of People Price Per Person

1 Person $65

2 People $45

3 People $40

4 People $35

5 People $32

What to Wear

·Please be mindful of your clothing and try to avoid anything too revealing.

·We strongly recommend a sunglasses, hat and sunscreen.

General Information

·This is a poor rural village, please be mindful of the environment.

· Please do not hand things out to villagers, for this contributes to creating a begging cycle and can create jealousy.

·We recommend heading to the toilet before you go on this trip as facilities are very basic.

1.Kompong Phhluk is famous for its ______.

A. local vegetables and different fish species

B. stilted-house villages and flooded forest

C. Rolous Market and an island pagoda

D. water-bird habitat and fish farms

2.A private trip for two parents and a 3-year-old boy costs ______.

A. $40 B. $80 C. $90 D. $120

3.Which of the following is not included in the rates?

A. A tourist guide. B. Transport.

C. Drinks. D. Local food.

4.We can conclude from the passage that ______.

A. the living standard in the village is quite low

B. the tourist facilities along the way are quite good

C. revealing clothes are appropriate in the hot weather

D. giving local children small gifts is strongly recommended

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

It was a dark, wet November morning. It seemed like it would take a million years to get to summer again. I thought bears have got it right - what a ________ idea to sleep through the worst part of the year and wake up when spring comes!

“Want some words of encouragement?” a co-worker, seeing my mood, kindly ________ . “You don’t think they would ________ you up?”

“ Today ? No.” I shook my head.

“I used to think so too,” he said, “ ________ I realized the effect my words had on a certain person. Well, it was someone I knew pretty well. I have to say I ________ him rather badly.”

“ You ? ________ you are always so positive! How did you do that?”

“I told him I did not like anything about him, really. I told him I did not ________ like his name. In fact, it wasn’t only what I said. I also did pretty bad things to him. When he was hungry, I did not give him the chance to eat ________ food. When he felt like doing something fun, I said to him that having fun was not worthwhile. And worst of all, when he was sick and needed ________ , I did not care. I told him to get up and get to work. And when he did, I never told him he did good work. I was so ashamed ________ him,” he said. “that I wanted to ________ him, but couldn’t.”

“But that was ________ !”

He nodded. “Then one day it all ________ . I stood there in front of the bathroom mirror in the morning. I saw the dark circles under his eyes. I saw the excess weight. I saw the long hair that needed ________ . And I saw the eyes that once had looked at the world ________ . Now they were so sad and tired. And there and then I realized he ________ better. So I told the man I had disliked for so many years that he was a good person ________ .”

My ________ dropped. I looked at him, full of positive energy, in good shape, always ready to ________ others.

“Wow...”

He looked at me. “So how about having a little ________ conversation with the bathroom mirror? The person in there has the greatest effect on you!”

1.A. perfect B. creative C. new D. similar

2.A. commanded B. bargained C. suggested D. required

3.A. give B. make C. break D. cheer

4.A. unless B. before C. since D. until

5.A. wanted B. treated C. injured D. inspected

6.A. Or B. And C. So D. But

7.A. even B. still C. yet D. thus

8.A. delicious B. fresh C. proper D. fancy

9.A. medicine B. rest C. water D. assistance

10.A. on B. for C. of D. to

11.A. think highly of B. get rid of C. compete with D. rely on

12.A. cruel B. cool C. generous D. rewarding

13.A. admitted B. changed C. exploded D. sank

14.A. dressing B. washing C. cutting D. decorating

15.A. regularly B. logically C. violently D. eagerly

16.A. deserved B. explored C. pretended D. performed

17.A. in all B. above all C. after all D. in relief

18.A. jaw B. heart C. tears D. glasses

19.A. appreciate B. encourage C. persuade D. join

20.A. meaningless B. brief C. peaceful D. positive

Cheaters called “pirates” often use camcorders(便携式摄像机) and cell phones to make illegal copies of blockbusters in the local theater. These pirates then sell those recordings on the street or over the Internet for very low prices. Some share them for free.

“It’s unfair for people to pirate movies,” says 15-year-old Hadaia Azad Ezzulddin. Movie piracy “takes money out of the pockets of thousands of people in the movie industry,” she notes. Victims include famous actors and directors as well as local theater owners and their employees.

Hadaia came up with an idea that could help stop movie piracy. Hadaia’s idea uses infrared(红外线的) light. This range of light is invisible to the human eye. It is visible, however, to many types of cameras. Theater owners could place small infrared lights on their movie screens. The lights would not disturb people watching the movie. It would, however, distort the recordings made by many types of cameras.

To test her idea, Hadaia built a box with a movie screen inside. Then, she projected images on that screen through a hole in the box. She took recordings of those images, using nine different types of cameras. These included the types found in cell phones as well as camcorders. During some tests, she also turned on light emitting diodes(发光二极管), or LEDs. The LEDs were embedded（植入的）in a certain place behind the movie screen. They gave out infrared light.

Sure enough, she showed, a pirated movie included odd stripes or spots if it had been recorded while the LEDs were on. It might be possible to use the LEDs to flash the date and time on the movie screen. The information would then appear in the illegal recordings. Theater owners or police might use the information to track down the pirates.

Cutting down on piracy might get more people into theaters to watch the real movie instead of an illegal copy. Six out of every ten films now produced aren’t profitable. They don’t make enough money to recover how much was spent to make and market them. Such a poor payback can discourage filmmakers from producing anything but the types expected to become blockbuster hits. It might also keep smaller theaters from showing a wider variety of movie types.

1.From what Hadaia says in Paragraph 2, we can infer that _______.

A. most people spend less money on pirates moves

B. the pirates don’t have to pay for the movie tickets

C. theater owners will increase the price of movie tickets

D. she strongly criticizes those who video movies in the theater

2.Infrared lights are put on the movie screens to _______.

A. adjust the brightness of the movie screens

B. make sure the images of movies are dark

C. make illegal copies of movies unpleasant to see

D. protect the eyesight of viewers in the darkness

3.What is the correct order of the steps in Hadaia’s test?

a. She projected pictures on the screen.

b. She used cameras to record the pictures.

c. She turned on the LEDs placed behind the screen.

d. She made a special box with a movie screen inside.

A. d c a b B. d b a c

C. b a c d D. b c a d

4.According to the last paragraph, we can know that _______.

A. forty percent of movies now are profitable

B. small theaters often choose to show low-cost movies

C. more and more people go to theaters to fight movie piracy

D. filmmakers prefer to produce ordinary movies than blockbusters

短文改错

此题要求改正所给句中的错误。按下列情况改正：每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：此题没有正确的题。

1.A number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400, 000.

2.Only then we decide to answer violence with violence.

3.Slow, the city began to breathe again.

4.He is so a great man that we all show our respect to him.

5.With time went by, I was made smaller.

6.Workers built shelters for survivors who homes had been destroyed.

7.After try hard, I got a job in a gold mine.

8.We were put into a position which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government.

9.That is in the summer Olympics that you have the running race, together with swimming, and sailing.

10.So even the olive wreath has replaced.

Americans get some of their news and entertainment from public television and radio. These public media receive money to operate from private citizens, organizations and government. Many of their programs are educational. But most of the American media are run by businesses for profit. These privately owned media have changed greatly in recent years. Newspapers, magazines and traditional broadcast television organizations have lost some of their popularity. At the same time, online, cable and satellite media have increased in numbers and strength. So have media that serve racial groups and those communicating in foreign languages.

In general, more media than ever now provide Americans with news and entertainment. At the same time, fewer owners control them. Huge companies have many holdings(股份). In some areas, one company controls much of the media. One dramatic change in American media is the increased success of cable television. It comes into most homes over wires. It does not use the public airwaves to present programs, as broadcast television does. Like broadcast television, most cable television programs perform advertisements. This is true although people must pay to see cable television in their homes. Thirty years ago, few people had cable. Today, about sixty-eight percent of American homes have cable television. Television by satellite also is gaining popularity.

Over the years, traditional broadcast organizations have tried to appeal to as many watchers as possible. Many cable companies, however, present programs for one special group of viewers. For example, there are cable stations for people who like books, cooking, travel, golf or comedy.

1.Which of the following is true about American public media?

A. They depend on the government.

B. They are controlled by the government

C. They are free

D. They can earn money.

2.Which of the following properly shows the change in these privately owned media?

A. Newspapers are getting more popular.

B. Satellite media is getting more popular.

C. Traditional media also serve racial groups.

D. Some media make their programs in foreign languages

3.From the second paragraph, we learn that .

A. broadcast TV and cable TV programs include sales messages

B. more media are out of control

C. American media is dramatic

D. cable TV is free

4.What would be the best title for the text?

A. American news and entertainment

B. Public television and radio media

C. media in the United States

D. Cable programs in the United States