Here is some must-know information from a handbook on how people behave in doing business in some countries.

In Brazil

Brazilians are warm and friendly. They often stand close when talking and it is common for them to touch the person on the shoulder. People often greet each other (particularly women) with light cheek kisses. Schedules tend to be flexible, with business meetings sometimes starting later than planned. But to be safe, be on time. Meals can last for hours—there’s no such thing as rushing a meal in Brazil.

In Singapore

Singaporeans shake hands when they meet and often also greet each other with a small, polite bow. Arriving late is considered disrespectful. So be on time. Efficiency (效率) is the goal, so meetings are fast-paced. Singaporeans are direct in their discussions, even when the subject is about money. Rank is important and authority is respected. People avoid disagreeing outright with someone with a higher rank.

In the United Arab Emirates

In the UAE, status is important, so the most senior or oldest should be greeted first with their titles. The handshake seems to be longer than elsewhere. So, do not pull away the handshake. People do not avoid entertaining in their homes, but they also hold business meals at restaurants. Touching or passing food or eating with your left hand is to be avoided.

In Switzerland

The Swiss tend to be formal and address each other by last name. They also are respectful of private lives. You should be careful not to ask about personal topics. Punctuality (守时) is important, so arrive at any meeting or event a few minutes early to be safe. The Swiss follow formal table manners. They also keep their hands visible at the table and their elbows(肘部) off the table. It is polite to finish the food on your plate.

1.The passage mainly deals with ________.

A. various types of communication

B. the atmosphere in workplace

C. living conditions and standards

D. customs and social manners

2.Why do Singaporeans avoid arguing with their boss?

A. They regard efficiency as the most important.

B. They dislike face-to-face communication.

C. They are supposed to obey the person of a higher rank.

D. They are used to having a fast-paced and direct talk.

3.In which country do people care about where to put their hands at the dinner table?

A. In Brazil. B. In Singapore.

C. In the United Arab Emirate. D. In Switzerland.

完型填空

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

It was unusually quiet in the emergency room on December 25. I didn’t think there would be any , sighing about having to be on duty on Christmas. Just then five bodies at my desk, a pale woman and four children.

“Are you all ?” I asked doubtfully. “Yes,” she said weakly and lowered her head.

But when it came to of their problems, things got a little strange. They all claimed to have headaches, but the headaches weren’t accompanied(陪伴) by the body language of holding the head or trying to keep it still.

Something was wrong. Our hospital policy, , was not to turn away any patient. I explained it might be a little while a doctor saw her. She responded immediately, even a bit “Take your time,” and then added, “It’s warm in here.”

Out of curiosity, I checked their registration form. No address—they were . I went back to the nurses’ station and mentioned we had a family of five in the waiting room. The nurses, complaining of Christmas day, turned to sympathy for a family just trying to get on Christmas. The team went into action, much as we do when there’s a emergency. But this was a Christmas emergency.

We were all a free meal in the hospital dining hall on Christmas Day, so we took back that meal and prepared a big dinner for our .We needed presents. We from different departments candies, fruits and other things that could be presents. As seriously as we met the needs of the patients that came to us that day, our team worked to meet the needs, ________ the expectation, of a family who just wanted to be warm on Christmas.

, as the family walked to the door to leave, the mother came back, gave me a hug and whispered, “Thanks for being our angels today.”

1.A. patients B. customers C. nurses D. doctors

2.A. took up B. showed up C. came up D. held up

3.A. tired B. hungry C. sick D. drunk

4.A.descriptions B. directions C. instructions D. contributions

5.A. unique B. ordinary C. normal D. unusual

6.A. therefore B. otherwise C. moreover D. however

7.A. after B. since C. before D. when

8.A. shyly B. happily C. calmly D. politely

9.A. careless B. hopeless C. helpless D. homeless

10.A. operating B. performing C. managing D. working

11.A. warm B. gift C. relief D. medicine

12.A. beneficial B. similar C. medical D. different

13.A. rewarded B. offered C. allowed D. bought

14.A. neighbors B. relations C. victims D. guests

15.A. borrowed B. received C. collected D. bought

16.A. expensive B. useful C. special D. available

17.A. healthy B. physical C. basic D. mental

18.A. without B. below C. behind D. beyond

19.A. Later B. Soon C. Next D. Then

20.A. to run B. run C. running D. and ran

请你写一篇英语短文，介绍16世纪后半叶到17世纪一位杰出的戏剧家 (dramatist)和诗人威廉·莎士比亚（William Shakespeare）。

注意：

1. 词数100-120左右；

2. 不需逐句翻译所有内容，可根据所给要点自行取舍。

要点：

1. 1564年4月出生于英国；

2. 七岁在当地学校念书，掌握了写作的基本技巧并拥有较丰富的语言知识。此外，他还学过拉丁语 (Latin) 和希腊语;

3. 1586年来到伦敦，当时戏剧 (drama) 正迅速流行起来，他做过演员，导演和编剧(scriptwriter);

4. 1588年前后开始写作，给世人留下了37部戏剧及154首14行诗歌 (sonnet)， 塑造了一系列具有鲜明 (distinct) 个性的艺术形象 (artistic images)。其中《罗密欧和朱丽叶》 (Romeo and Juliet)，《哈姆雷特》 (Hamlet) ，《李尔王》 (King Lear) 最为著名；

5. 人们评价他“不属于一个时代而属于所有世纪”(man of all ages）。

With the development of the Internet, it has resulted in a huge increase in credit-card fraud. Your card information could even be for sale in an illegal web site.

Web sites offering cheap goods and services should be regarded with care.

On-line shoppers who enter their credit-card information may never receive the goods they thought they bought. The thieves then go shopping with your card number — or sell the information over the Internet. Computers hackers have broken down security systems, raising questions about the safety of cardholder information. Several months ago, 25, 000 customers of CD Universe , an on-line music retailer(零售商), were not lucky. Their names, addresses and credit-card numbers were posted on a Web site after the retailer refused to pay US $157, 828 to get back the information.

Credit-card firms are now fighting against on-line fraud. MasterCard is working on plans for Web — only credit card, with a lower credit limit. The card could be used only for shopping on-line. However, there are a few simple steps you can take to keep from being cheated.

Ask about your credit-card firm’s on-line rules: Under British law, cardholders have to pay the first US $78 of any fraudulent(欺骗性的) spending.

And shop only at secure sites; Send your credit-card information only if the Web site offers advanced secure system.

If the security is in place, a letter will appear in the bottom right-hand corner of your screen. The Website address may also start https: //—the extra “s” stands for secure. If in doubt, you’re your credit-card information over the telephone.

Keep your password safe: Most on-line sites require a user name and password before placing an order. Treat your passwords with care.

1.What is the meaning of “fraud”?

A. Safety. B. Sale. C. Payment. D. Cheating.

2.What do most people worry about the Internet according to this passage?

A. Fraud on the Internet.

B. Many Web sites are destroyed.

C. Many illegal Web sites are on the Internet.

D. A lot of stolen credit-cards were sold on the Internet.

3.How can the thieves get the information of the credit card?

A. The customers give them the information.

B. The thieves steal the information from Web sites.

C. The customers sell the information to them.

D. The thieves buy the information from credit-card firms.

4.You are shopping on the site: http: // www. Shopping. com, and you want to buy a TV set, what does this article suggest you do?

A. Order the TV set at once.

B. Do not buy the TV set on this site.

C. E-mail the site your credit-card information.

D. Tell the site your password and buy the TV set for you.

5.How many pieces of advice does the passage give to you?

A. six. B. three. C. Five. D. four.

短文改错

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词作斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

How time flies! I can never forget how I became a good table tennis player. The first day I went to high school, I saw some of my classmates played table tennis. Amazed at how skillful they were, I was determined to play just as good. Later on, I often watch them carefully to learn their techniques.

Then I kept practicing hardly until I became too confident enough to challenge the good players. At the end of term, I became one of the best players in my class. I am really proud for this experience. It helps me realize that I can fulfill our potential but achieve our goals through hard work.

An African proverb says that a single hand cannot tie a bundle. Everyone needs companions to help them sail through the rough seas of life. Even the strongest and richest person still needs friends. Our money and strength would have no value if we had no friends to share with us. The best friendship is a give-and-take relationship. We need the support of our family, friends and the community. In turn we also give support to the society, our friends and our family.

The word “friend” has many meanings. It could be the bus driver who takes you to and from work every day. It could be a parent, a colleague, a wife or husband, a brother or sister, or even the unknown person who helped you just once when you could not find your way. Real friends share not only our happiness but our sorrows as well. This may explain why we have the expression “a friend in need is a friend indeed”.

Friendship is like the sunshine that keeps us warm. It is like the refreshing raindrops on the fields that give the farmers hope of a good planting season. Without friends our life would be like a desert where our only friend would be loneliness and sadness. The most fortunate person is the one who has friends from all levels in the society. A driver might find friends not only among his colleagues but among farmers, bankers, traders, students, politicians or teachers. We should never forget our old friends when we make new ones. We should treasure each of our friends whether poor or rich, beautiful or not. Each friend is unique in his or her own way. And all together, they enrich life and make it very colourful.

1.What is the main topic of the passage?

A. How to sail through the sea of life.

B. Friends and friendship.

C. A friend in need is a friend indeed.

D. Never forget old friends when making new ones.

2.What is the correct understanding of friends according to the writer?

A. Friends who share our happiness are not real friends.

B. Friends will take us through rough seas.

C. Friends never expect anything from others.

D. Friends can be different people around us.

3.An unknown person can be a friend as well when .

A. he helps you with what you need

B. he is told how to find his way

C. he becomes one of your family

D. he is a driver taking you from and to work

4.The underlined word “unique” in the last paragraph most probably means “ ”.

A. special B. poor C. rich D. valuable

In 1978, I was 18 and was working as a nurse in a small town about 270 km away from Sydney, Australia. I was looking forward to having five days off from duty. Unfortunately, the only one train a day back to my home in Sydney had already left. So I thought I’d hitch a ride (搭便车).

I waited by the side of the highway for three hours but no one stopped for me. Finally, a man walked over and introduced himself as Gordon. He said that although he couldn’t give me a lift, I should come back to his house for lunch. He noticed me standing for hours in the November heat and thought I must be hungry. I was doubtful as a young girl but he assured （使…放心）me I was safe, and he also offered to help me find a lift home afterwards. When we arrived at his house, he made us sandwiches. After lunch, he helped me find a lift home.

Twenty-five years later, in 2003, while I was driving to a nearby town one day, I saw an elderly man standing in the glaring heat, trying to hitch a ride. I thought it was another chance to repay someone for the favour I’d been given decades earlier. I pulled over and picked him up. I made him comfortable on the back seat and offered him some water.

After a few moments of small talk, the man said to me, “You haven’t changed a bit, even your red hair is still the same.”

I couldn’t remember where I’d met him. He then told me he was the man who had given me lunch and helped me find a lift all those years ago. It was Gordon.

1. The author had to hitch a ride one day in 1978 because .

A. her work delayed her trip to Sydney

B. she missed the only train back home

C. she was going home for her holidays

D. the town was far away from Sydney

2. Which of the following did Gordon do according to Paragraph 2?

A. He helped the girl find a ride.

B. He gave the girl a ride back home.

C. He bought sandwiches for the girl.

D. He watched the girl for three hours.

3.The reason why the author offered a lift to the elderly man was that .

A. she realized he was Gordon

B. she had known him for decades

C. she was going to the nearby town

D. she wanted to repay the favour she once got

4.What does the author want to tell the readers through the story?

A. Those who give rides will be repaid.

B. Good manners bring about happiness.

C. Giving sometimes produces nice results.

D. People should offer free rides to others.

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Building Trust in a Relationship Again

Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 1. Trust is a risk. But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.

Unfortunately, we’ve all been victims of betrayal（出卖，背叛）. Whether we’ve been stolen from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. 2. They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again. It’s understandable, but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.

●Learn to really trust yourself. Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.

● 3. If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, we’ll have our trust tested or violated.

● 4. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 5. Instead, it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.

A. You didn’t lose “everything”

B. It is putting confidence in someone.

C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.

D. Sometimes people simply can’t trust any more.

E. Remember that you can expect the best in return.

F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.

G. Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened

请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸(卡)上将该项涂黑。

Today the scientific community is in almost total agreement that the earth’s climate is changing and that this represents a huge threat to the planet and to us. According to a survey, with only 69% accepting the earth is warming— only 1 in 4 Americans see global warming as a major threat, public opinion ________ the scientific conclusion.

Climate scientists and campaigners have long debated how to better communicate the message to nonexperts so that climate science can be ________ into action. According to Christopher Rapley, the usual tactic(策略) of climate experts to provide the public with information isn’t________ because “it does not address key potential causes.” We are all exposed to the evidence of climate change on an almost a daily basis. The information is almost ___________.

Then what’s wrong? _______our brains.

Daniel Gilbert mentioned our brains’ failure to accurately notice gradual change. Robert

Gifford also _________the point about our brains’ difficulty in grasping climate change because of limited cognition and social ______ with other people (“Why should we change if X won’t?”) “ A more powerful barrier is the ___________ of perceived （感知的）behavioral control; ‘I’ m only one person; what can I do ?’ is certainly a big one. For many, the first challenge will be in recognizing barriers _____ they can overcome them”

But for those of us who understand that climate change is a problem yet make little effort

to cut the number of overseas trips we make or the amount of meat we consume, neither the uncaring attitude nor denial really explains the _________between our actions and beliefs. Lertzman has come to the conclusion that the conflict between ________ both the planet and our way of life is too painful to bear. “When we don’t ________ the pain of that, that’s when we get ______and can’t move forward.” Lertzman refers to this ________ as “environmental melancholia(忧郁症),” and points out that there’s a lot to be said for providing a means______ acceptable to talk about.”

Rosemary Randall suggests that climate change is such a(n) __________ subject that it “can raise fears and anxieties that people feel have no_________ in polite conversation.”

Lertzman says the community has been slow to realize the value of psychology. Gifford says otherwise,________—“ climate change, and not mental health, is the biggest psychological problem”

Despite the pain, shame, difficulty in fully addressing climate change, both Lertzman and Gifford are still _______ about our ability to face up to the challenge. “There can’t be anything about the human mind that stops us struggling with these issues , given that so many people ______ are — maybe that’s what we should be focusing on instead.” says Lertzman.

1.A. accounts for B. falls behind C. wishes for D. leaves behind

2.A. translated B. sprung C. forced D. sent

3.A. revolutionary B. detailed C. popular D. enough

4.A. unreliable B. unbearable C. unacceptable D. unavoidable

5.A. Submit B. Control C. Blame D. Curse

6.A. picks up on B. gets down to C. throws back on D. looks up to

7.A. connections B. comparisons C. competence D. development

8.A. sense B. problem C. lack D.effect

9.A. if B. though C. before D. since

10.A. relationship B. disagreement C. gap D. balance

11.A. caring about B. taking on C. fighting against D. putting away

12.A. feel B. process C. remember D.hide

13.A. hit B. puzzled C. stuck D. stressed

14.A. conflict B. event C.hesitation D. inability

15.A. socially B. environmentally C. culturally D. morally

16.A. complex B. controversial C. awkward D. disturbing

17.A. idea B. goal C. place D. choice

18.A. somehow B. however C. therefore D. either

19.A. optimistic B. concerned C. cheerful D. encouraged

20.A. equally B. still C. especially D. already