Experiments aboard the spaceship Columbia have disproved a theory on the human nervous system which won an Austrian professor a Nobel prize 79 years ago.

West German astronaut Ulf Merbold disproved the theory during tests aboard the spaceship yesterday. His discovery is connected with the workings of the inner ear, the body’s balance mechanism(机制).

In l914 Professor Robert Barany won the Nobel prize for Physiology(生理学) and Medicine when he announced that temperature differences affected the inner ear and caused the eyes to blink(眨眼). His theory was accepted by scientists.

But Merbold carried out tests to find if the theory was correct and shocked himself and space officials when he proved it wrong.

According to Barany’s theory the eyes would blink when cold air was blown into one ear and hot air blown into the other.

But if this theory was correct such a movement would be impossible in zero gravity(重力）.

Both Merbold’s eyes continually blinked when the test was carried out.

1.Tests were carried out in outer space in order to _______.

A. find what causes the eyes to blink

B. shock the world

C. win the prize

D. prove the theory

2.Barany’s theory declared to prove _______.

A. how our hearing mechanism works

B. why we constantly move our eyes

C. that eye movement is affected by temperature

D. how hearing reacts(反应)

3.Barany’s theory was proved incorrect in space by the effects of _______.

A. having no weight B. having no air

C. the pull of gravity D. hot and cold air streams

短文改错

假段定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用(＼)划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

There was a time when Zhang Yu and I was good friends, but now we are like stranger. On his first day in our class two years ago, he had no one to talk. I was the first one to say hello to her , so we became friends. Zhang Yu did well in math or he was always ready to help me with it. One day last month, I told him about what I would be away from school for two days to see a friend. But he told my father about it and made me angrily. Now , I know I was wrong. I decide to say sorry for him, because of I don't want to lose so a good friend.

Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head, according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.

Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting（收缩）and pumping blood around their bodies, compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed. Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event, depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.

Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said: “Our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart.”

The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces. Dr Garfinkel said, “The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed. Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don’t see and guide whether we see fear.”

To further understand this relationship, the scientists also used a brain scanner（扫描仪）to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person’s feeling of fear.

“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain ‘speak’ to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear,” Dr Garfinkel said.

“We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced, we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders, and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”

1.What is the finding of the study?

A. Fear is a result of one’s relaxed heartbeat.

B. One’s heart affects how he feels fear.

C. Fear has something to do with one’s heart health.

D. One’s fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear.

2.The conclusion was drawn by analyzing .

A. volunteers’ heartbeats when they saw terrible pictures

B. the time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditions

C. volunteers’ reactions to horrible pictures and data from their brain scans

D. different pictures shown to volunteers and their heart-brain communication

3.Which of the following is closest in meaning to “mechanism” in Paragraph 6?

A. Order B. Treatment

C. Machine D. System

单词拼写

根据所给中文或句子的意思填出正确的单词。注意：将答案转移到答题卷时，请写出完整的单词。

1.Take these p twice a day – they’ll ease your pain soon.

2.What skills should an applicant p before he applies for this job?

3.The work might seem endless now, but I assure you if you keep on, all your efforts will e repay you.

4.Replacement is g if the products are not up to the standard, as long as you can prove you buy them here.

5.Many people have experienced the joy of standing on a moving ship, and watching a group of dolphins swim a .

6.Since then, Cuba has seen its tourism develop slowly but ______________（稳定地）.

7.My experience as an HR manager has taught me that we should stick to the principles and be ____________（灵活多变的）as well when dealing with people.

8.The school tries to treat students as individuals and to help each one to achieve their full __ （潜能）.

9.I quit! I’ll never make paper cutting as delicately as you do with my ____（笨拙的）hands.

10.We can’t turn a blind eye to unfairness. But ____（提倡）fairness doesn’t mean answering violence with violence.

书面表达

假设你是李华，你参加了某旅行社组织的一次旅游，你对其中的某些服务不满意。所以，你想就此事给该旅行社写一封投诉信。

内容包括：1.写信目的；2.不满之处；3.表达期望。

注意: 1. 词数100左右；2. 开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Madam / Sir,

My name is Li Hua, who is a customer of your travel agency.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Lots of people give you advice on overcoming fear. 1. However, I want to tell you that a world without fear would be more dangerous, less rewarding. So we want to treat fear as a friend? Here are three reasons.

2. Think about it. Do you get more nervous when you meet the girl (or guy) of your dreams? Which is more fearful, talking to the boss of your company or to some of your friends? 3. If you didn't have fear to guide you, you might not know that! Not so bad, right?

Next, fear encourages us to take action. Fear is a call to action. In the past, our ancestors didn't run away in fear when they saw a tiger running toward them but tried to kill it for food. Now, most of us don't face serious danger like hungry tigers every day, but we do face serious bosses or public speaking. So, what can we do? 4.

Lastly, fear lets you know you are alive. Why do we like roller coasters? 5. Same for horror movies.

So fear can guide you towards what's important for you and encourage you to take action to improve. Don't we all need that kind of friend?

A. The first is that fear is an excellent guide to opportunity.

B. They frighten us in a mostly safe way.

C. Imagine what life would be like without fear.

D. Let fear provide us with the energy to do what needs to be done.

E. Fear is showing you what is important and what matters to you.

F. Don't fear to be wrong.

G. They say if you can overcome fear, you will be successful.

语篇语法填空

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的适当形式。

People often have trouble 1. （get）used to a new culture. They are usually curious 2. they first arrive in a foreign country. However, if they stay for 3. long time, they may start to feel different 4. (stage) of culture shock. They can feel lonely or sad because they can’t deal with the local people. How 5. (quick) people get used to culture differences may depend 6. the way they learn. That’s a problem if they can’t speak the language. On 7. other hand, some can study the situation and make good guesses about the culture. When they finally begin 8. (understand) some of the language and make some new friends, they will gradually enjoy 9. and feel 10. (comfort).

Alexandra Scott was born to Liz and Jay Scott in Manchester, Connecticut on January 18, 1996, the second of four children. Shortly before her first birthday, Alex was diagnosed with neuroblastoma, a type of childhood cancer.

On her first birthday, the doctors informed Alex’s parents that if she beat her cancer it was doubtful that she would ever walk again. Just two weeks later, Alex slightly moved her leg at her parents’ request to kick. This was the first indication that she would turn out to be a courageous and confident child with big dreams and big accomplishments.

By her second birthday, Alex was able to stand up with leg braces（支架）. She worked hard to gain strength and to learn how to walk. She appeared to be overcoming the difficul-ties, until the shocking discovery within the next year that her tumors （肿瘤）had started growing again. In the year 2000, the day after her fourth birthday, Alex received a stem cell transplant（干细胞移植）and informed her mother, “When I get out of the hospital I want to have a lemonade stand. ” She said she wanted to give the money to doctors to allow them to help other kids, like they helped me. True to her word, she held her first lemonade stand later that year with the help of her older brother and raised an amazing $ 2,000 for her hospital.

People from all over the world, moved by her story, held their own lemonade stands and donated the earnings to Alex and her cause. In August of 2004, Alex passed away at the age of 8, knowing that, with the help of others, she had raised more than $ 1 million to help find a cure for the disease that took her life. Alex’s family—including brothers Patrick, Eddie, and Joey—and supporters around the world are committed to continuing her inspiring cause through Alex’s Lemonade Stand Foundation.

1.It can be learned from the text that Alex .

A. couldn’t walk until she was four

C. held her first lemonade stand in 2001

B. was the only daughter of the Scotts

D. was born with cancer

2.Why was Alex’s Lemonade Stand Foundation founded?

A. To promote her lemonade.

C. To attract public attention to her disease.

B. To set up a children’s hospital.

D. To collect money to help children with cancer.

3.What did the public do to support Alex and her cause?

A. They helped her sell lemonade.

C. They donated money to her foundation.

B. They provided free stands for her.

D. They donated stem cells for her operation.

4.Which of the following can best describe Alex?

A.Stubborn. B. Determined. C. Innocent. D. Energetic.

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Life is just like a box. Inside it are happiness and sorrow, failure and success, hope and despair. Life is a learning process. Experiences in it teach us new lessons and make us a better person.

Love

Love plays a key role in our life. Love makes you feel wanted. Without love a person could become cruel and violent. In the early stage of our life, our parents are the ones who show us with unconditional love and care. They tell us what is right or wrong, good or bad. 1. .It is only after marriage and having kids that a person understands and becomes sensitive to the feelings of others. Kids make a person responsible and mature and help us to understand life better.

Happiness and Sorrow

Materialistic happiness is short?lived, but happiness achieved by bringing a smile on others gives a certain level of fulfillment. 2. .No mind is happy without peace. We realize the true worth of happiness when we are in sorrow. Sorrow is basically due to death of a loved one, failure and despair. But these things are temporary and pass away.

Failure and Success

3. .It helps us to touch the sky, teaches us to survive and shows us a specific way.

Hope and Despair

Hope is what keeps life going. Parents always hope their children will do well. Hope makes us dream. Hope builds in patience.___ 4.___, because after every night there is a day. Nothing remains the same. We have only one choice—keep moving on in life and be hopeful.

Life teaches us not to regret over yesterday, for it has passed and is beyond our control. Tomorrow is unknown, for it could either be right or dull. 5. , so that we will enjoy a better tomorrow.

A. Life teaches us not to despair even in the darkest hour

B. So the only alternative is work hard today

C. But we always tend to take this for granted

D. Success lies in trusting yourself

E. So let’s enjoy every day

F. Failure is the path to success

G. Peace of mind is the main link to happiness

Surely it doesn’t matter where the Students’ Association get their money from; what _________is what they do with it.

A. counts

B. applies

C. stresses

D. functions