阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens researches into the history of humans in Britain, a group of leading archaeologists (考古学家) says. In a letter addressed to the justice secretary, Ken Clarke, 40 archaeologists write of their “deep and widespread concern” about the issue. It centers on the law introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008 which requires all human remains unearthed in England and Wales to be reburied within two years, regardless of their age. The decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significance.

“Your current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed human remains should be reburied, whether after a standard period of two years or further special extension, is contrary to basic principles of archaeological and scientific research and of museum practice,” they write.

The law applies to any pieces of bone uncovered at around 400 dig sites, including the remains of 60 or so bodies found at Stonehenge in 2008 that date back to 3,000 BC. Archaeologists have been granted a temporary extension to give them more time, but eventually the bones will have to be returned to the ground.

The arrangements may result in the waste of future discoveries at sites such as Happisburgh in Norfolk, where digging is continuing after the discovery of stone tools made by early humans 950,000 years ago. If human remains were found at Happisburgh, they would be the oldest in northern Europe and the first indication of what this species was. Under the current practice of the law those remains would have to be reburied and effectively destroyed.

Before 2008, guidelines allowed for the proper preservation and study of bones of sufficient age and historical interest, while the Burial Act 1857 applied to more recent remains. The Ministry of Justice assured archaeologists two years ago that the law was temporary, but has so far failed to revise it.

Mike Parker Pearson, an archaeologist at Sheffield University, said, “Archaeologists have been extremely patient because we were led to believe the ministry was sorting out this problem, but we feel that we cannot wait any longer.”

The ministry has no guidelines on where or how remains should be reburied, or on what records should be kept.

1.According to the passage, scientists are unhappy with the law mainly because ________.

A. it is only a temporary measure on the human remains

B. it is unreasonable and thus destructive to scientific research

C. it was introduced by the government without their knowledge

D. it is vague about where and how to rebury human remains

2.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A. Temporary extension of two years will guarantee scientists enough time.

B. Human remains of the oldest species were dug out at Happisburgh.

C. Human remains will have to be reburied despite the extension of time.

D. Scientists have been warned that the law can hardly be changed.

3.What can be inferred about the British law governing human remains?

A. The Ministry of Justice did not intend to protect human remains.

B. The Burial Act 1857 only applied to remains uncovered before 1857.

C. The law on human remains hasn’t changed in recent decades.

D. The Ministry of Justice has not done enough about the law.

4.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A. New discoveries should be reburied, the government demands.

B. Research time should be extended, scientists require.

C. Law on human remains needs thorough discussion, authorities say.

D. Law could bury ancient secrets for ever, archaeologists warn.

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

The health-care economy is filled with unusual and even unique economic relationships. One of the least understood involves the peculiar roles of producer or “provider” and purchaser or “consumer” in the typical doctor-patient relationship. In most sectors of the economy, it is the seller who attempts to attract a potential buyer with various appealing factors of price, quality, and use, and it is the buyer who makes the decision. Such condition, however, is not common in most of the health-care industry.

In the health-care industry, the doctor-patient relationship is the mirror image of the ordinary relationship between producer and consumer. Once an individual has chosen to see a physician — and even then there may be no real choice — it is the physician who usually makes all significant purchasing decisions: whether the patient should return “next Wednesday”, whether X-rays are needed, whether drugs should be prescribed, etc. It is rare that a patient will challenge such professional decisions or raise in advance questions about price, especially when the disease is regarded as serious.

This is particularly significant in relation to hospital care. The physician must certify the need for hospitalization, determine what procedures will be performed, and announce when the patient may be discharged. The patient may be consulted about some of the decisions, but in general it is the doctor’s judgments that are final. Little wonder then that in the eye of the hospital it is the physician who is the real “consumer”. As a consequence, the medical staff represents the “power center” in hospital policy and decision-making, not the administration.

Although usually there are in this situation four identifiable participants— the physician, the hospital, the patient, and the payer (generally an insurance carrier or government)— the physician makes the essential decisions for all of them. The hospital becomes an extension of the physician; the payer generally meets most of the bills generated by the physician/hospital, and for the most part the patient plays a passive role. We estimate that about 75-80 percent of health-care choices are determined by physicians, not patients. For this reason, the economy directed at patients or the general is relatively ineffective.

1.The author’s primary purpose in writing this passage is to ________.

A. urge hospitals to reclaim their decision-making authority

B. inform potential patients of their health-care rights

C. criticize doctors for exercising too much control over patients

D. analyze some important economic factors in health-care

2.It can be inferred that doctors are able to determine hospital policies because ________.

A. most of patient’s bills are paid by his health insurance

B. it is doctors who generate income for the hospital

C. some patients might refuse to take their physician’s advice

D. a doctor is ultimately responsible for a patient’s health

3.According to the author, when a doctor tells a patient to “return next Wednesday”, the doctor is in fact ________.

A. advising the patient to seek a second opinion

B. warning the patient that a hospital stay might be necessary

C. instructing the patient to buy more medical services

D. admitting that the first visit was ineffective

4.The author is most probably leading up to ________.

A. a proposal to control medical costs

B. a study of lawsuits against doctors for malpractice

C. an analysis of the cause of inflation (通货膨胀) in the US

D. a discussion of a new medical treatment

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余项。（说明：E请填涂AB；F填涂CD；G填涂ABC）

Any car accident is frightening, but an accident in which your vehicle is thrown into the water, with you trapped inside, is absolutely terrifying.1.

However, most deaths result from panic, without a plan or understanding what is happening to the car in the water. By adopting a brace position (防冲击姿势), acting decisively and getting out fast, you can save yourself from a sinking vehicle.

Brace yourself for impact. As soon as you’re aware that you’re going off the road and into a body of water, adopt a brace position. The impact could set off the airbag system in your vehicle, so you should place both hands on the steering wheel in the “ten and two” position.

Undo your seatbelt. 2.Unbuckle the children, starting with the oldest first. Forget the cellphone call. Your car isn’t going to wait for you to make the call.

3.Leave the door alone at this stage and concentrate on the window. A car’s electrical system should work for up to three minutes in water, so try the method of opening it electronically first. Many people don’t think about the window as an escape option either because of panic or misinformation about doors and sinking.

Break the window. If you aren’t able to open the window, or it only opens halfway, you’ll need to break it with an object or your foot. It may feel counter-intuitive (有悖常理的) to let water into the car. 4.

Escape when the car has equalized. If it has reached the dramatic stage where the car cabin has been filled with water and it has become balanced, you must move quickly and effectively to ensure your survival. 5.

While there is still air in the car, take slow, deep breaths and focus on what you’re doing.

A. Open the window as soon as you hit the water.

B. Surviving a sinking car is not as difficult as you think.

C. It takes 60 to 120 seconds for a car to fill up with water usually.

D. Such accidents are particularly dangerous due to the risk of drowning.

E. In conclusion, if you know what to do in the water, you’ll be safe.

F. This is the first thing to attend to, yet it often gets forgotten in the panic.

G. But the sooner the window is open, the sooner you can escape directly through it.

完形填空。

There is a workman in America who earns as much as a company director. He is Max Quarterman, a thirty-year-old plasterer (泥瓦匠).

Max lives in an upper middle-class housing estate. His______are mostly bank managers, business executives, airline pilots and the______, but Max’s seven-bedroom house —______$ 80,000 — is the largest in the area. ______ outside the house are Max’s $ 7000 sports car and his wife’s Morris Mini. Indoors is a 150 colour TV set and the family’s ______ — a circular bath with gold-plated taps. There are also many labour－saving ______ and luxury furniture.

How can a plasterer ______ all this? The answer, says Max, is hard work. In ______ with another plasterer, Max______ contract plastering jobs for a firm. The owner of the firm ______ them as human machines, the best and quickest in the ______ , who can do as much in two days as ______two-man team can in two weeks.

How do they manage it? Not by working overtime. They work a(n) ______ eight-hour day, five days a week. The secret ______ in Max’s hod (桶) in which he carries the plaster to the site of the job. Max’s is a superhod — it contains double the usual ______of plaster, and Max, a strong fellow, runs when he carries it. More time is thus ______ to get on with the plastering. Besides, ______ man wastes time smoking, and they ______ their lunch break to a ______ of an hour a day. Now Max earns over $ 800 a week which is four times the average weekly pay in Britain today, and if he gets as ______ as $ 15, it’s a disaster.

1.A. colleagues B. neighbours C. relatives D. friends

2.A. like B. kind C. class D. same

3.A. worthy B. spending C. costing D. worth

4.A. Stopped B. Stopping C. Parked D. Parking

5.A. property B. honour C. facility D. pride

6.A. objects B. devices C. articles D. materials

7.A. acquire B. use C. afford D. provide

8.A. harmony B. correspondence C. partnership D. terms

9.A. makes B. does C. takes D. gets

10.A. tells B. treats C. compares D. describes

11.A. trade B. job C. area D. walk

12.A. no B. few C. any D. all

13.A. unusual B. extra C. ordinary D. normal

14.A. relies B. lies C. hides D. falls

15.A. quality B. size C. quantity D. weight

16.A. left B. needed C. spent D. kept

17.A. both B. either C. neither D. each

18.A. have B. cut C. miss D. spend

19.A. time B. period C. limitation D. total

20.A. much B. little C. more D. less

阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空.

Most people wrongly believe that when people reach old age, their families place them in nursing homes. They1.(leave) in the hands of strangers for the rest of their lives. Their grown children visit them2.(occasion), but more often, they do not have any regular visitors. The truth is that the idea is an unfortunate myth — an 3.(imagine) story. In fact, family members provide the most care4. elderly people need. Samuel Prestoon, a sociologist, has studied 5. the American family is changing. He has reported that by the time the average American couple reach 40 years of age, they have more parents than children. Moreover, because people today live longer after an illness than before, family members must provide long-term care. More6. (psychology) have found that all caregivers believe that they are the best people for the job. Social workers interviewed caregivers to find out why they took 7. the responsibility of caring for 8. elderly relative. Many caregivers thought they had obligation 9. (help) their relatives, stating that helping others make them feel more useful. Most hoped that by helping someone, they would deserve care when they became old and dependent. Caring for the elderly and10. (take) care of can be a mutually satisfying experience for everyone who might be involved.

词组填空

1.At that time, I didn’t understand why we blacks _______ (被禁止) sitting where we liked.

2.We should make it a rule _______________ (准时上班).

3._______________ (碰巧的是), I met the professor we had been discussing the next day.

4. When he is trying to solve a problem, he often _______________ (咨询某人) it.

5._______________ (由他决定) to go for a walk or stay at home last night.

6.You’ll read more efficiently after _______________ (记住) the words and expressions.

7.Sometimes they have trouble in ________(理解……的意思) unknown words from the context.

8.Although the firm is small, there is plenty to _______________ (使我们有事可做).

9.If the newspaper had exerted such tremendous influence, it _______________ (带来) a major change to his life.

10.It’s not practical for the three girls to dream of _______________ (一夜之间出名).

11.If you don’t take my advice, you’ll have to _______________ (付出代价) the mistake.

12.Many rural villages in the mountainous areas _______________ (是……难以到达的) tourists.

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

As is known, that it is interesting to teach child to swim while they are still babies. Most large towns in Florida and California had already run particularly lessons for babies. The idea has quickly spread to Europe which, in several countries, special courses are now offered children who are from 7 to 24 months old. The first step is to have the child get rid of the fear with water. Next, he is teaching to float in water. Unless he can do that naturally and can swim without fear, the child can master the technique and push him forward through water.

假定你是李华。你的美国笔友Tom给你发了封邮件，询问你寒假做了些什么，新学期有什么打算。因为准备开学后的考试，你未能及时回复。请根据以下要点给他回邮件。

提示：

1. 未能及时回复的原因并道歉；

2. 假期大部分时间复习功课，但也探亲访友、阅读小说；

3. 新学期努力学习，争取考上理想大学。

注意：1.词数100左右；

2. 开头和结尾已写出，可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Tom,

_______________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

The City Bike program rolled into New York last spring and proved a hit, with nearly 12,000 New Yorkers signing up for annual memberships. Since 2010, over a dozen US cities have introduced bike-share programs.

There’re plenty of bike stations near parks and other car-free areas. The programs we looked at in major cities work the same way. You buy a 24-hour pass. During the time, you get an unlimited number of 30-minute rides. If you go over your given half-hour ride time, you start paying fees for each following 30-minute period. Here are some of the biggest bike-share program in America.

Minneapolis: Nice Ride Minnesota

Station : Minnehaha Ave. & Minnehaha Pkwy

How much: $ 6 for a 24-hour pass.

How it works: The first 30 minutes are included in the pass; $ 1.50 for the second 30 minutes; $ 4.50 for the third 30 minutes; later $ 6 for every half an hour.

Chicago: Divvy Bikes

Station : Lakeshore Drive and Monroe St; also Museum Campus

How much: $ 7 for a 24-hour pass, with unlimited 30-minute trips.

How it works: The first 30 minutes are included in the pass; $ 2 for the second 30 minutes; $ 6 for the third 30 minutes; later $ 8 for every half an hour.

New York City: Citi Bike

Station : Central Park So. & 6th Ave; also Broadway & W.57th St.

How much: $ 9.95 for a 24-hour pass.

How it works: The first 30 minutes are included in the pass; $ 4 for the second 30 minutes; $ 9 for the third 30 minutes; later $ 12 for every half an hour.

Boston: Hubway

Station : Tremont St. & West St.

How much: $ 6 for a 24-hour pass.

How it works: The first 30 minutes are included in the pass; $ 2 for the second 30 minutes; $ 4 for the third 30 minutes; later $ 8 for every half an hour.

We are volunteers. If you want to know more information, please contact us.

1.According to the text, the City Bike program _______.

A. was first set up in New York

B. is very popular in American cities

C. has a long history in America

D. develops very fast all over the world

2.Which of the following bike-share programs costs the riders most?

A. Nice Ride Minnesota B. Divvy Bikes

C. Citi Bike D. Hubway

3.If you visit Boston by riding Hubway bike for 3 hours, you have to pay ______.

A. $6 B. $ 30

C. $ 20 D. $ 36

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

I recently got pulled over for speeding not far from my new home in Virginia. I hadn’t been paying attention, and I had driven a few miles an hour over the speed limit.

“Can I see your license and registration?” the police officer asked me. I pulled both out for him, and he saw my Pittsburgh address on my Pennsylvania driver’s license.

“What are you doing here?” he asked. “Are you with the army?”

“No, I’m not.” I answered. I explained that I had just moved to Virginia, and I hadn’t had time to re-register yet.

“So what brings you here?”

He had asked a direct question. Without thinking very hard, I gave him a direct answer. “Well, officer,” I said, “since you’ve asked, I have cancer. I have just months to live. We’ve moved down here to be close to my wife’s family.”

“So you’ve got cancer,” he said flatly. He was trying to figure me out. Was I really dying? Was I lying? He took a long look at me. “You know, for a guy who has only a few months to live, you sure look good.”

He was obviously thinking: “Either this guy is pulling one big fat line on me, or he’s telling the truth.” He was trying to question my honesty without directly calling me a liar. And so he had forced me to prove that I was being honest.

“Well, officer, I know that I look pretty healthy. I look great on the outside, but the tumors are on the inside.” And then, I don’t know what possessed me, but I just did it. I pulled up my shirt, showing the operational scars.

He looked at my scars. He looked in my eyes. He now knew he was talking to a dying man. Well, he wasn’t taking this any further. He handed me back my license. “Do me a favor.” he said, “Slow down from now on.”

The awful truth had set me free. As he went back to his police car, I had a realization. I had been one of those gorgeous blondes (金发美女) who could bat her eyelashes and get out of tickets. I drove home under the speed limit, and I was smiling like a beauty queen.

1.The author was stopped by the police officer because ______.

A. he didn’t have a license

B. he forgot to re-register

C. he drove too fast

D. he was seriously ill

2. The author moved to Virginia probably because ______.

A. he was homesick

B. his family could be better cared for

C. Virginia had better hospitals

D. he served in the army there

3. On hearing about the author’s cancer, the police officer ______.

A. said it was an excuse

B. showed sympathy for him

C. asked him to show his scars

D. doubted his honesty

4.It can be inferred from the passage that the author was ______.

A. adventurous B. optimistic

C. dishonest D. romantic