Teaching is more than leadership. Some of the teacher’s time and effort is directed toward instruction, some toward evaluation. But it is the teacher as a group leader who creates an effective organizational structure and good working environment so that instruction and evaluation activities can take place. A group that is totally disorganized, unclear about its goals, or constantly fighting among its members will not be a good learning group. The leadership pattern includes helping to form and maintain a positive learning environment so that instruction and evaluation activities can take place.

On the first day of class, the teacher faces a room filled with individuals. Perhaps a few closely united groups and friendships already exist. But there is no sense of group unity, no set of rules for conduct in the group, no feeling of belonging. If teachers are successful leaders, they will help students develop a system of relationships that encourages working together.

Standards and rules must be set to keep order, make sure of justice and protect individual rights, but do not contradict school policy. What happens when one student hurts another’s individual rights? Without clear regulations agreeable to the students and teachers, the classroom can become chaotic. Students may break rules they did not know existed. If standards are set without participation from the class, students may spend a great deal of creative energy in destroying the class environment or finding ways to break rules.

No matter how skillful the teacher is in uniting students and creating a positive atmosphere, the task is never complete. Regular maintenance is necessary. Conflicts arise. The needs of individual members change. A new kind of learning task requires a new organizational structure. Sometimes outside pressures such as holidays, upcoming tests or sport competitions, or family troubles cause stress in the classroom. One task for the teacher is to recreate a positive environment by helping students deal with conflict, change, and stress.

1.The underlined word “maintain” in Para.1 probably means_______.

A. keep B. build C. recreate D. evaluate

2.According to the author, the teacher should _______.

A. free students from outside pressures

B. set the standards and rules on his own

C. be responsible for a well-organized class

D. focus more on instruction and evaluation

3. From the passage we can learn that ______.

A. rules cannot be changed once they’re formed

B. outside pressures can not cause tension among students

C. if the teacher well unites his students, he then will finish his task

D. if rules are not acceptable both to students and teachers, the classroom can be a mess

4.What is the author’s main purpose of writing the passage?

A. To provide information for teaching.

B. To show the importance of teaching a class.

C. To study the teacher’s behavior in the classroom.

D. To compare the teacher’s behavior with the students’ in class.

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Doctors say anger can be an extremely damaging emotion, unless you learn how to deal with it. They warn that anger can lead to heart disease, stomach problems, headaches, emotional problems and possibly cancer.

___1.__ Some people express anger openly in a calm reasonable way. Others burst with anger, and scream and yell. But other people keep their anger inside. They can not or will not express it. This is called repressing anger.

For years many doctors thought that repressing anger was more dangerous to a person’s health than expressing it. They said that when a person is angry, the brain releases the same hormones (荷尔蒙). They speed the heart rate, raise blood pressure, or sugar into the blood, etc. ___2.___

Some doctors say that both repressing and expressing anger can be dangerous. They believe that those who express anger violently may be more likely to develop heart disease, and they believe that those who keep anger inside may face a greater danger of high blood pressure.

__3.___ They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, then decide if the cause is serious enough to get angry about. If it is, they say, “___4.___ Wait until your anger has cooled down and you are able to express yourself calmly and reasonably.”

Doctors say that a good way to deal with anger is to find humor in the situation that has made you angry. __5.___

A. In general the person feels excited and ready to act

B. They said that laughter is much healthier than anger.

C. Expressing anger violently is more harmful than repressing it

D. Anger may cause you a cancer.

E. Do not express your anger while angry.

F. Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time.

G. Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger.

完形填空

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A, B, C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

We all often deal with people who complain about the failures and troubles of their daily lives. Life ________ to be one big problem for them. I would like to think it ________ unusual. If there were no problems in your job, then your ________ would hire a much less capable(有能力的)person than you to do the things that don’t ________ much thought. In the business world, those who are able to solve difficult problems are the ones who are the most ________ to the employer.

Many times the problems or challenges we face ________ us to grow and become more capable. The runner who ________ for the mile run in the Olympics by running downhill will have no chance of winning the medal ________ . The runner who trains by running uphill is far more likely to ________ the speed and endurance needed to win the medal.

The ________ thing that ever happened to boxer Gene Tunney was that he ________ both hands in the ring. His manager felt that he could ________ again punch(重击) hard enough to be the heavyweight champion. Instead, Tunney ________ that he would become a scientific boxer and win the title as a boxer, not a slugger(重击手). ________ historians will tell you that he developed into one of the best boxers who ever fought. They will ________ tell you that as a puncher, he would not have had a chance________ Jack Dempsey, who was considered by many to be the hardest ________ in heavyweight history. Tunney would never have been champion ________ he had not had the problem of his broken hands.

________ time you meet with a difficult climb, obstacle, or problem, you should ________ and say, “Here’s my chance to grow.”

1.A. seems B. pretends C. agrees D. hopes

2.A. something B. everything C. nothing D. anything

3.A. teacher B. employer C. father D. doctor

4.A. give B. receive C. offer D. need

5.A. famous B. valuable C. strange D. difficult

6.A. allow B. warn C. force D. order

7.A. trains B. leaves C. looks D. waits

8.A. in all B. after all C. above all D. at all

9.A. beat B. stop C. lose D. develop

10.A. worst B. best C. easiest D. fastest

11.A. held B. raised C. broke D. touched

12.A. never B. always C. often D. even

13.A. promised B. explained C. decided D. answered

14.A. Swimming B. Boxing C. Running D. Skating

15.A. still B. already C. hardly D. also

16.A. against B. for C. on D. with

17.A. worker B. student C. hitter D. trainer

18.A. unless B. if C. because D. so

19.A. First B. Other C. Last D. Next

20.A. smile B. stand C. change D. speak

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式

During my last trip to Europe, I had the opportunity to visit Stonehenge. I remember it was a very hot day 1. a lot of sunshine. Almost every 2. (tour) who travels to England visits this ancient place.

The Stonehenge was made of huge square stones, 3. weigh nearly five tons each, stand eighteen feet high, and are there feet thick. It was 4. (amaze) to see them up close. Something that I 5. (real) asked myself was how the ancient people could have been clever enough 6. (arrange) the stones as upright pillars, then connect the stones overhead, and place 7. altogether to form a circle. It was a great 8. (feel) to admire the magnificent stones up close.

As I walked around the stones, I noticed how isolated they were; there was nothing else 9. (stand) around them, no community or anything. Were they also isolated in ancient times? If so, 10. had the ancient people constructed them that way? If only I could really travel back in time and find out the reason for that!

短文改错

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(Λ)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：

1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Patience is of great importance in our daily life. Once I waited a bus to come at a stop. 30 minutes past, but no bus came. Both upset and annoyed, I decided to walk on feet. But no sooner had I left when the bus arrived. I thought if I had waited for one more minute, I would have caught it. If I chose to take a next bus, I would have to wait for other 30 minutes. Only then do I realize my problem. Being impatient will possible waste all the effort that we have put it in. Now whenever I am close to lose my patience, I’ll think of this experience.

书面表达

假设你是李华，澳大利亚环保协会将组织一次为期3周的“澳大利亚生态游”活动，你希望能得到这次机会。请按以下提示向该组织写一封申请信。内容包括：

1. 个人情况介绍（如年龄,性格,健康状况,语言优势等）；

2. 申请理由（如了解澳大利亚环保情况,实地参观环保生态基地等）；

3. 对参加本次活动的期待。

注意：

1. 词数100左右，开头已给出（不计入总词数）

2. 参考词汇：环保协会：Environment Council 生态游：eco-tour

Dear Mr or Ms,

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

One of the odd things about some business organizations is that they spend so much money attracting new customers but spend so little keeping them. It just doesn’t make sense. However, taking customers for granted is a routine in some business organizations.

Loyal customers are an organization's only protection against bankruptcy(破产), and losing them because of neglect or indifference is really wrong. Not only do satisfied customers continue to buy by themselves, but they often encourage others to buy. This is advertising that doesn't cost a penny. Although there are always problems in giving good service to customers, maintaining their business isn't all that difficult. It's a matter of attitude, of believing that everyone who buys from you is entitled to the best treatment you can deliver. Plus giving just a little more than you have to.

There are always problems in giving good service to customers. The reason, of course, is that no organization is perfect, and there's many a slip: unreasonable delays in filling orders, shipping the wrong goods, failing to answer letters promptly, and so on. Sometimes these errors or failures can't be helped. For example, if you can't get parts because of material shortages or a transportation strike, customers may be denied the goods they've ordered.

No matter who is at fault, customers whom you value highly should generally be given the benefit of the doubt. The old saying that all customers should be treated alike is a myth. Customers who repeatedly place large orders and pay for them will naturally, get more attention than those who buy infrequently and have to be badgered to pay what they owe. However, you have to make the assumption that all customers are good unless proved otherwise.

1.From the second paragraph, we can know that ____________.

A. satisfied customers should always be well serviced

B. devoted customers are lifelines of business organizations

C. companies can employ customers to advertise their products

D. it is hard for organizations to offer good services to their customers

2.Which of the following statements might the author agree with?

A. Only regular customers deserve good treatments

B. New customers are treated well in large organizations

C. Some errors and failures in business are unavoidable

D. Both an organization and their customers are responsible for certain errors

3. What does the author imply by saying “all customers should be treated alike is a myth”?

A. It’s not true that all customers are treated equally

B. It is an old story that customers receive equal treatment

C. It is possible that customers should enjoy the same treatment

D. It’s a rule that customers should share equal and fair rights

4. The main idea of the passage is best summarized as “_________”.

A. new customers are kings for business organizations

B. taking customers for granted is regulation in business organizations

C. maintaining customers is the most important thing to business organizations

D. business organizations need spend so much money attracting new customers

Think about the longest elevator ride that you’ve ever taken. Whether you rose five or 100 floors, it probably took less than a few minutes. Now imagine riding in an elevator higher and higher as it climbs for nearly a day. When you reach the top floor, prepare for views that are really out of this world. You’ll be in space!

Space elevators might sound like a crazy idea, but they’re something scientists have been working on for decades.

At the moment, riding in a capsule is the only way ordinary people can get to and from space. But those rides are very expensive---about $ 25 million per person per flight. Now scientists are making efforts to reduce the expense of those rides.

Researchers are still figuring out the details about how a space elevator might work. One idea is stretching a very long cable — more than 37,000 kilometers — up to space from the earth’s equator (赤道). Objects in space above the equator orbit (绕……的轨道飞行) the earth at the same speed that our planet turns. A weight on the end of the cable would stretch it tight. An elevator tied to the cable could use it to climb up and down.

The only problem is that besides being long, this cable must also be very strong. Storms, including hurricanes might break it. One way to solve this problem is to stretch the cable from the moon instead of from the earth. Airplanes designed to climb higher than a typical jet might take off from the earth and link up with the cable, which would be held in place by the pull of gravity from the earth. An elevator car waiting there would then take riders the rest of the way to the moon. Fueled by solar power, the elevator could transport people and materials without much expense or effort per ride.

1.The first paragraph is presented by _____.

A. asking questions

B. analyzing causes

C. giving an example

D. making a comparison

2.Why have scientists been working on space elevators?

A. To make trips to space cheaper.

B. To help astronauts do research in space.

C. To find a more convenient way to the moon.

D. To prove an assumption which seems crazy.

3. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refers to _____.

A. the weight

B. the cable

C. an object in space

D. the equator

4. What may make the cable stay in place on the moon?

A. The elevator car on the moon.

B. The elevator fastened to the cable.

C. The pull of gravity from the earth.

D. The speed of the moon orbiting the earth.

ChildLife Liquid Calcium with Magnesium(镁) provides these two essential minerals combined with Vitamin D and Zinc in a balanced, absorbable, great tasting formula. These are the primary nutrients required for supporting your child’s healthy bone growth and development.

Health tip: As your child grows and develops, Calcium is the most abundant mineral found in their body, comprising approximately 2 percent of total body weight, with 99 percent of the total Calcium being found in the bones and teeth. For optimum absorption and utilization studies suggest Calcium should be combined with Magnesium, Vitamin D and Zinc. These nutrients help support and establish the very foundation for your child’s structural growth.

●ChildLife uses only the highest quality ingredients. Contains no milk, eggs, wheat or corn. No artificial colorings, flavorings or sweeteners.

●Keep out of the reach of children. Do not use if outer safety seal is broken or missing.

●Shake well before use. Keep in cool my place. Give directly or mix with your child’s favorite drink.

●Store between 15 centigrade and 25 centigrade.

Read the following directions before you take it.

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Manufactured for ChildLife

Los Angeles, CA90232 USA

Tel:(800) 993-0332

www. childlife. net

1.Where can you usually see the passage above?

A. In the newspaper

B. On the bottle of medicine

C. In a travel guidebook

D. On the bottle of health care products

2.For whom would a dose of two teaspoons be suggested?

A. An adult B. A 4-year-old child

C. A 9-year-old child D. A 12-year-old child

3.What is the largest amount of dose that should be taken by an adult in a four-hour period?

A. Two tablespoons B. Four tablespoons

C. Six tablespoons D. Eight tablespoons

Africa is no longer the continent of apparently endless conflict, hunger, disease and dictatorship(专制) that have filled people’s brain for decades. Despite the obvious challenges---the outbreak of Ebola in West Africa, the threat from terrorists in Nigeria----Africa’s major new tendency is of a continent on the rise.

According to the World Bank, sub-Saharan Africa’s GDP growth rate of 5% over the past 15 years---almost double the global average—is expected to continue well into the next decade. Consulting film A. T. Kearney predicts that by 2040 sub-Saharan Africa would be “ the biggest, fastest, strongest and the most attractive region for retain in the world.”

But the fruits of Africa’s success, if not managed well, could damage this great economic and political awakening. Greater prosperity has meant Africans are living longer and healthier. At the same time, the birthrate remains high, at an average of 5.2 births per woman in Africa, compared with 1.6 in Europe and 2.1 in Asia. The young ages 15-24 make up about 37% of Africa’s labor force but occupy 60% of the continent’s total jobless, and a quarter of all young people haven’t received any education, according to a 2011 report from the African Development Bank.

The young could be the engine that drives Africa for good or it could be its downfall if they deny education and opportunities. The World Economic Forum founder Klaus Schwab reminded Africa that 18 million jobs will have to be created every year just to accommodate Africa’s current job seekers.

What is also required is great investment in both education and employment, so that the young can start building businesses and developing the technologies to provide opportunities for the coming boom generation. They deserve the chance to live without the chaos and conflict that once haunt the continent for years.

1.What is the main idea of the first two paragraphs?

A. A new Africa is appearing and developing

B. Sub-Saharan Africa’s economy is on the rise

C. The outbreak of Ebola threats Africa seriously

D. The threat of terrorists in Africa is increasing quickly

2. When it comes to population, Africa isn’t suffering from the fact that __________.

A. the birthrate remains high

B. the aging process speeds up

C. unemployment threats the youth

D. poor education characterizes the young

3. The underlined word “accommodate” in Paragraph 4 probably means “__________”.

A. train and organize

B. satisfy and arrange

C. attract and make use of

D. provide food and clothes

4. What can be inferred from the text?

A. Africa’s economy boom will continue

B. Controlling the birthrate is people’s top concern

C. The African young will live without chaos and conflict

D. Africa should attach importance to protecting and supporting the young