The way we cook is important. In many countries, the two sources of heat used for cooking are natural gas and electric stoves. The World Health Organization(WHO) warns that millions of people are dying every year from indoor air pollution. The WHO finds that poor cooking, heating and lighting technologies are killing millions of people each year.

Indoor air pollution results from the use of dangerous fuels and cook stoves in the home. WHO officials say nearly three billion people are unable to use clean fuels and technologies for cooking, heating and lighting. And they say more than seven million people die from exposure to indoor or outdoor air pollution each year. Of that number, the WHO says about 4.3 million people die from household air pollution given off by simple biomass(生物燃料） and coal stoves.

These findings show that the home use of poisonous fuels is to blame for many of these deaths. These fuels include wood, coal, animal waste and so on. Carlos Dora is Coordinator in the WHO’s Department of Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health. He says people should not use unprocessed coal and kerosene(煤油） fuel indoors. He says opening a window or door to let out the harmful air will not correct the situation. It will only pollute the outdoors. “New technologies and clean fuels can rid people of this problem.”

The United Nations found that more than 95 percent of families in sub-Saharan Africa depend on solid fuels for cooking. It says huge populations in India, China and Latin American countries, such as Guatemala and Peru, are also at risk.

Nigel Bruce is a professor of Public Health at the University of Liverpool. He says researchers are developing good stoves and other equipment to burn fuels in a more efficient way. “There are already many technologies for clean fuels available now. An effective and reasonably low-cost ethanol(酒精） stove that is made by Dometic is now being tested out. Another interesting development is electric induction stoves.” In India, you can buy an induction stove for about $8. And in Africa you can buy a solar lamp for less than $1.

1.How is Paragraph 2 mainly developed?

A. By making classifications.

B. By listing numbers.

C. By following time order.

D. By describing a process.

2.According to Carlos Dora, what is the best solution to indoor air pollution?

A. People should use an effective air cleaner.

B. People should open a window or door to let out the harmful air.

C. People should use new technologies and clean fuels.

D. People should prevent themselves from being exposed to harmful air.

3.What can we learn from the passage?

A. Most of the deaths from indoor pollution are in developing countries.

B. Burning solid fuels can help limit indoor air pollution.

C. People now can buy ethanol stoves made by Dometic in India.

D. There are already two technologies for clean fuels available for use.

4.Which would be the best title for the passage?

A. The way we cook is changing

B. Types of indoor air pollution

C. The development of electric stoves

D. Indoor air pollution kills millions each year

Thinking is something you choose to do as a fish chooses to live in water. To be human is to think. But thinking may come naturally without your knowing how you do it. Thinking about thinking is the key to critical thinking. When you think critically, you take control of your thinking processes. Otherwise, you might be controlled by the ideas of others. Indeed, critical thinking is the heart of education.

The word “critical” here has a special meaning. It does not mean taking one against another view, as when someone criticizes another person for doing something wrong. The nature of critical thinking is thinking beyond the easily seen—beyond the pictures on TV, the untrue reports in the newspapers, and the faulty reasoning.

Critical thinking is an attitude as much as an activity. If you are curious about life and desire to dig deeper into it, you are a critical thinker. If you find pleasure in deep thinking about different ideas, characters, and facts, you are a critical thinker.

Activities of the mind and higher-order reasoning are processes of deep and careful consideration. They take time, and do not go hand in hand with the fast speed in today’s world: fast foods, instant coffee, and self-developed film. If you are among the people who believe that speed is a measure of intelligence, you may learn something new from a story about Albert Einstein. The first time Banesh Hoffman, a scientist, was to discuss his work with Albert Einstein, Hoffman was too nervous to speak. But Einstein immediately put Hoffman at ease by saying, “ Please go slowly. I don’t understand things quickly.”

1.Critical thinking is important to us because if we do not think critically, ________.

A. it will be hard for us to think naturally and fast

B. we might be controlled by other people’s ideas

C. we will follow the ideas of others naturally

D. we might be fooled by other people’s ideas

2.If you are a critical thinker, you will ________.

A. think deeply about different ideas

B. trust the reports in the newspapers

C. take one view against another view

D. criticize other people for their mistakes

3.What would be the best title for the passage?

A. What is thinking

B. Understanding Critical Thinking

C. Thinking Is Natural and Human

D. Thinking Fast Means Intelligence

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Simple Ways You Can Avoid Overeating During Holidays

The holidays are all about best purpose: early finish of shopping, mailing cards on time, and what is the most important one—surviving the year’s fat-filled feeding race. Sorry, we can’t help licking envelopes or shopping that is up to you! But we can arm you with these smart eating tips for indulging(大吃大喝) without weight gain.

__1.__ The worst thing you can do is stand around the table at a party and dip into the bowl. You will have no idea how much you are really eating unless you do put your choices on the plate.

Calm yourself. __2.__ When someone gets third or orders that second glass of wine, you can go along them naturally. Why do we eat more than we think? If you are surrounded by fast eaters, take a half glass of water between bites to slow down.

Reduce those portions. Choose the smallest plate as possible. __3.__ It has been tested out that whether it is popcorn or even spaghetti the bigger the plate, package or bowl is, the more you are likely to eat.

_4.__ Variety might be the best of life, but it is also a recipe for overeating. Researchers found that adults who were offered sandwiches with four different kinds of filling ate a second more than those who got only their favorite ones. So the advice is to pack together similar tastes.

Don’t talk with your mouth full. One of the best ways to keep from employing yourself at a big family dinner is great conversation. So as Mom used to say, before you start chatting first finish chewing. When you talk and eat at the same time, you are not really paying attention to either of them. __ 5.__

A. Control your choices.

B. Always pick up the special food.

C. You look pretty unpleasant as well.

D. Your eyes can trick the stomach.

E. Get away from the table.

F. Feel the taste of each bite.

G. Take your seat near the slowest eater at the table.

阅读下列短文，掌握其大意，然后从21-40题所给的选项A、B、C和D中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Christmas just isn’t the same any more. When I was growing up, it was my ________ holiday. I’d get up early and run to the tree to find a dozen ________ from Santa and then spend the rest of the morning playing with toys along with my three sisters. Before long, ________, the truth about Santa came out. Santa was dad. And dad’s salary as a ________ wasn’t growing at the same rate as inflation (通货膨胀). So over the years, a dozen gifts for each child ________ became six, then four, then two. ________ I sat in the living room in late December, home for a few weeks between semesters of college, I had one present to open.

The Christmas ritual (仪式) in our family was to open gifts on Christmas Eve. We were sitting around in a circle and the unwrapping ________ continued. The ritual lasted about ten minutes. And then something ________ happened.

My mother said, “There’s one more gift I want to show you.” And with her ________, she disappeared to her bedroom. Minutes later, mom reappeared with an attractive red dress.

“It’s ________, mom,” my older sister said, breaking the silence.

Through a voice choked with emotion and a smile that could ________ the universe, mom said quietly, “For the first time in 12 years, your father ________ a Christmas bonus (奖金) from school. And with the bonus, he bought this dress for me.”

All eyes moved ________ dad. I’d only seen dad cry once. It was the day his father died. And now, with mom’s announcement, he was on the point of bursting into ________ once again. Suddenly, the ________ of Christmas, which I had unfortunately ________ to gifts, returned on a wave of gratitude, flooding my heart like nothing I’d ever ________. I was overwhelmed with appreciation for dad.

I’ve heard it said that the ________ thing a father can do for his children is to always show ________ for their mother. Today, dad’s ________ and generosity changed me.

1.A. specialB. favoriteC. dullD. funny

2.A. toysB. shoesC. giftsD. socks

3.A. howeverB. thereforeC. anyhowD. besides

4.A. clerkB. doctorC. lawyerD. teacher

5.A. actuallyB. naturallyC. eventuallyD. probably

6.A. AsB. SinceC. IfD. Whether

7.A. formB. taskC. periodD. ceremony

8.A. commonB. unusualC. wrongD. interesting

9.A. announcementB. noticeC. expressionD. explanation

10.A. funnyB. expensiveC. beautifulD. large

11.A. break downB. light upC. drop outD. meet with

12.A. lentB. borrowedC. foundD. got

13.A. toB. withC. forD. from

14.A. joyB. painC. tearsD. smiles

15.A. senseB. spiritC. customD. content

16.A. leftB. turnedC. passedD. linked

17.A. experiencedB. expectedC. understoodD. appreciated

18.A. lastB. bestC. hardestD. first

19.A. fearB. excitementC. loveD. curiosity

20.A. graceB. unselfishness

C. honestyD. consideration

阅读下列材料，在空白处填人适当的内容（1个单词）或用括号内单词的正确形式。

When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be very difficult to let go of your anger. But forgiveness is possible — and it can be surprisingly 1. (benefit) to your physical and mental health. So far, research 2. (show) that people who forgive can have more energy, better appetite and better sleep. “People who forgive show 3. (little) anger and more hopefulness,” says Dr. Frederic Luskin, who wrote the book Forgive for Good. “So it can help reduce the tiredness out of the immune system and allow people 4. (feel) more energetic.”

So when someone has hurt you, cool down first. Take a couple of breaths and think of something _5. gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, or someone you love. Don’t wait for an 6. (apologize). “Many times the person who hurt you may never think of apologizing,” says Dr. Luskin. “They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don’t see things in 7. same way. So if you wait for people to say sorry, you could be waiting a very long time.”

Next keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean 8. (accept) the action of the person who upsets you. Instead, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you. Finally, try to see things from the other person’s perspective. You may realize 9. he or she was acting out of ignorance. To gain perspective, you may want to write a letter to 10. (you) from that person’s point of view.

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误只涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均限一词。

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从11处起）不计分。

Dear Mary,

Our city had changed a lot in the past 5 years. Firstly, more high buildings have appeared, that are modern and beautiful. Many overpasses have set up, so it has become very convenient for people to travel. However, many families have got car of their own. The people’s life here has become rich or colorful. People can enjoy themselves travelling on the holiday. To my delighted, I can taste delicious food of different countries. And now it is easy for me to keep touch with you than before, for I can email you in my office.

Yours,

Christine

近年来全球极端气候和重大自然灾害越来越频繁，其中很大一部分原因是由于人类活动所造成的。China Daily举行征文活动，警示人们要保护环境。请你写一篇短文，参加征文活动。

注意：

1. 要列举极端气候或自然灾害及其造成的影响；

2. 分析原因；

3. 呼吁人们关爱地球，保护环境。

词数：100---120个左右。

The International Voluntary Service runs a number of Youth Exchanges throughout the year. Youth Exchanges give small groups of 4-5 young people the opportunity to take part in volunteering trips abroad for an average of two weeks．These young people are joined by 4-5 young people from 3-4 other nationalities and are a wonderful intercultural experience in a safe environment.

Example Youth Exchanges：

Youth Exchange 1

Location：Ireland

Other nationalities：Ireland，Spain，Italy，Hungary

Theme：Focuses on the topic of community reconstruction and community activities—exploring how local issues facing our communities are connected to global issues．The group will also learn about the eco-village as an example of a community and take part in team-building activities.

Youth Exchange 2

Location：France

Other nationalities：Bulgaria，Italy，France

Theme：Organic gardening & continual living．This project will take place in a natural park，where the group will take part in gardening activities and games／workshops about continuous development．

Youth Exchange 3

Location：Macedonia

Other nationalities：Serbia，Turkey，Ireland

Theme：Foster social inclusion and motivate personal development of young people through sports and outdoor activities．Promote outdoor activities as a tool to help inclusion of young people with fewer opportunities．

Youth Exchange 4

Location：Italy

Other nationalities：Italy，Bulgaria，Greece

Theme：A sociaI-environmental project that intends to promote social inclusion and continuable development，regarded as a process of civil rights and active citizenship. Over 10 days, the group will participate in activities to raise awareness about the effect of our behavior on the environment．

1.What do you focus on when travelling in France?

A．Gardening work.

B．Civil rights.

C．Developing social inclusion.

D．Rebuilding communities.

2.If you are interested in protecting the environment，you can take part in ________.

A．Youth Exchange 1B．Youth Exchange 2

C．Youth Exchange 3D．Youth Exchange 4

3.Which nationality are Youth Exchanges most popular with?

A．Spain．B．Italy.C．Ireland.D．France.

Coral reefs(珊瑚礁) are not just beautiful to look at，but also very useful．They shelter nearly 25％ of ocean life and provide food for billions of people．However, like many other species，this amazing ecosystem(生态系统) is in danger of dying out!

There are two main reasons for the destruction—the rising carbon dioxide levels caused by global warming as well as human influences like bottom operation．While not much can be done about the former，the loss caused by the latter can be reduced.

Bottom operation involves dropping nets to the ocean bed and then dragging them up when filled with fish．This action damaged the ocean floor，causing the coral branches to separate from the reefs．While that is very discouraging，the good news is that if these branches are found quickly，they can be saved．At present，that work is being performed by volunteer divers. But the method has only limited success because they cannot stay long underwater, nor reach depths of over 200 meters where some of the deep-sea coral grows.

However，this is not the case for Coralbots—the robots that can constantly seek out broken branches．A team of ‘coral bots’，each individually working to simple rules will piece together damaged bits of coral, allowing them to regrow. They are programmed to be able to distinguish between other things and the coral．The robots work together in groups，similar to bees．If one coralbot is damaged, then the others will still be able to complete the task.

Dr Lea-Anne Henry said：“The project of using coralbots offers us the possibility to restore(修复) the function of reefs．It is in the final stage of testing．Once ready, the researchers hope to build hundreds of them and use them effectively in the waters off Scotland and then hopefully in the oceans across the world．”

1.Which of the following is a cause of the danger that coral reefs are facing?

A．The appearance of new creatures.

B．The seriously polluted sea water.

C．The activities of volunteer divers.

D．Human activities like bottom operation.

2.Compared with volunteer divers，coralbots ________．

A．can stay longer underwater

B．must work as bees do

C．can distinguish what is coral

D．can never be damaged

3.What does the underlined word“them”in the last paragraph refer to?

A．Coralbots．B．Broken branches．

C．working bees．D．Bits of coral．

4.We can infer from the passage that ________．

A．bottom operation has affected most underwater creatures

B．broken branches of coral can regrow if saved in time

C．hundreds of the coralbots have worked well in the oceans

D．with the coralbots all damaged coral reefs can be restored

Just saw the superhero movie, Kick-Ass, and it raised an interesting question: just because we are not superhuman, can we lead a super-heroic life? I believe we can do it in some easy steps!

Activate(刺激) our super powers.

Superheroes are all good at different things. Some are really fast, some can see things others can’t, and some can move things with their mind. Also we all have special talents and passions. We just have to know what they are and develop them.

Try this. List several things you’re especially good at— we’ll say these are your core super powers. Next, write down what makes each of your core super powers and look for chances to use them and improve them.

Get a sidekick or two.

Superheroes are out there all day, fighting the good fight. And who’s there to help? Every superhero has teamed up with someone else to defeat some enemies they couldn’t deal with alone.

We need a support team: one or more who can be trusted and will help us when necessary. Our team members should bring different, constructive perspectives(观点) and all kinds of super powers. But we must choose wisely.

Be brave and bold.

Does it take more courage to venture(冒险) down a dark road or to face a life of no ventures at all? Both can be pretty scary. But we should be brave and bold just as some successful person said: “Have the courage to follow your heart and intuition(直觉).”

Live the code.

Superheroes die to protect others. They don’t cheat or lie or steal. They’re good role models, and they do the right things even when nobody is watching.

Though nobody’s perfect, yet we should learn from superheroes and struggle not to disobey the superhero code. Turn a friend down who trusts me? Of course I won’t.

1.One of the similarities between superheroes and human beings is that both of them ________.

A. are very clever and passionate

B. have their strong points

C. try to remove their own weak points

D. know how to be clever and bold

2.The underlined word “sidekick” in the passage refers to a person who ________.

A．tries to watch you all the time

B．is much cleverer than you

C．has super powers to support you

D．is ready to help you anytime

3.What is the superhero code?

A．Don’t be a bad person.

B．Be willing to lose everything for others.

C．Try to be a perfect person.

D．Satisfy the needs of the friend you trust.

4.What is the passage mostly about?

A．How we can become a superhero.

B．What a superhero should be like.

C．How we can live like a superhero.

D．Why we should learn from a superhero.