Smoking is harmful. But as soon as you quit the habit, everything will be OK, right?

Wrong.

New research has found that even if you give up smoking, the damage it has done to your genes (基因) will stay there for a much longer time.

In the research, a team of US scientists studied the blood of 16,000 people. Among them, some were smokers, some used to smoke, and the rest were non-smokers. Scientists compared their genes and found that more than 7,000 genes of smokers had changed-a number that is one-third of known human genes.

According to NBC News, both heart disease and cancer are caused by genetic changes. Some people may have had the changes when they were born, but most people get them in their day-to-day lives while doing things like smoking.

When you stop smoking, a lot of these genes will return to normal within five years.

This means your body is trying to heal (治愈) itself of the harmful effects of smoking. But the changes in some of the genes stay for longer. They can stay for as long as 30 years.It’s almost like leaving a footprint on wet cement (水泥) 一it will always be there, even when you’ve walked away and when the cement becomes dry.

Although the study results may make people unhappy, there is a bright side: the findings could help scientists invent medicine to treat genetic damage caused by smoking or find ways to tell which people have heart disease or cancer risks.

1.The function of Paragraph 1 is to .

A. give an example B. introduce the topic of the passage

C. make an argument D. show the main idea of the passage

2.Most genetic changes happen because of .

A. people’s condition at birth B. environmental pollution

C. people’s bad living habits D. heart disease and cancer

3.The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 6 refers to .

A. the cement B. the footprint

C. the harmful effect D. the genetic change

4.Which of the following statements is true?

A. The findings are the fruit of more than three years’ research.

B. The findings have prevented more people from starting smoking

C. The findings offer evidence that a damaged gene can heal itself.

D. The findings help to find cures for genetic damage caused by smoking.

When Mrs. Delgado asked her daughter Sonia to bring muffins(松饼)to a sick neighbor, Sonia said sure. But when Sonia _______who the neighbor was, she was not so sure. The neighbor’s name was Mrs. Craverham, and kids in the neighborhood said she was the_______person who ever lived.

Sonia walked up the path to Mrs. Craverham’s. She did not________the idea of anyone being sick and alone, but what if the kids were_______? A girl in Sonia’s science class said that Mrs. Craverham had poked(戳)her with a stick last Halloween. Sometimes people heard _____and moans(呻吟声)coming from inside. And a boy in Sonia’s math class said Mrs. Craverham had hung him upside down and painted him yellow when he______kicked a soccer ball onto her lawn.______between wanting to help someone______and not wanting to come home a different color, Sonia decided to be_______.

Finally Sonia_______the door. After a few moments, Mrs. Craverham answered the door and______in a rough tone, “Who are you? What are you doing here?”

Mrs. Craverham______. “My, that’s sweet. I’m sorry if I seemed______, but young people sometimes dare each other to come to my door _____they think I’m going to do something to them. As soon as I answer the door, they ______laughing or play a trick on me.”

______, Sonia heard a loud howl(嚎叫). Mrs. Craverham _____as Sonia jumped. “Oh, that’s just Norbert, my parrot. He’s watched too many scary movies—like you, I think!” Then Sonia came to _____that people are not always what they seem.

1.A. found out B. sorted out C. let out D. carried out

2.A. oldest B. poorest C. meanest D. ugliest

3.A. share B. like C. give D. receive

4.A. disappointed B. angry C. right D. strict

5.A. cries B. cheers C. laughter D. argument

6.A. happily B. easily C. calmly D. accidentally

7.A. Frightened B. Concerned C. Puzzled D. Amazed

8.A. at hand B. in need C. in danger D. at sight

9.A. clever B. stubborn C. brave D. funny

10.A. knocked on B. broke down C. pulled D. shut

11.A. explained B. demanded C. requested D. asked

12.A. cheerfully B. sincerely C. shyly D. excitedly

13.A. afraid B. tired C. ill D. sad

14.A. agreed B. relaxed C. added D. stopped

15.A. dishonest B. impatient C. nervous D. rude

16.A. because B. while C. although D. unless

17.A. show up B. run off C. move on D. set out

18.A. Suddenly B. Certainly C. Naturally D. Possibly

19.A. shouted B. laughed C. expressed D. nodded

20.A. remember B. admit C. hope D. realize

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

How to Win a High School Election

If you plan on running for student office, you want to know how to win a high school election.1. You need to consider the following key elements (要素) of an election.

■Learn About Your School.

Before you can be an official for your class, you will need to know about your class and the school as a whole. You can’t make a difference if you don’t know what to change.2..

■Get involved (参与) before winning the election.

If you want to make changes to some of the rules in the school’s policy, you’ll have to get official support of the school. Ask to join in on meetings with school officials. It’s also a good idea to get to know some of the parents of the students who will vote for you. You can do this by attending PTA meetings.3. Ask questions and voice your opinion so you stand out.

■Get to know your voters.

4. And try to make good first impressions on them. Be careful though, you don’t want to seem fake (假装的) because then people won’t vote for you. Simply say hello and let people know you are running for whatever office you choose. If they seem interested in you, continue the conversation, if not, back off. Being pushy is another thing that will lose you votes.

5. Just as confidence is very important during your presentation (展示), it also plays an important role every day. Stand tall, smile, and be friendly. Have fun with your election because students want someone who is real and friendly.

A. Let yourself shine.

B. Meet as many high school students as possible.

C. While at these meetings, don’t be a passive attendee.

D. Get started on how to win a high school election.

E. Write a speech about what you would like to see changed.

F. Read the student guidebook about the history as well as present rules for the school

G. Putting up posters and relying on your popularity isn’t enough to make sure that you will win.

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均限一词;

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

With Teachers’ Day draw near, I would like to express my thanks to Ms. Li, who taught me English last year.

At that time, I was having a trouble studying English and my scores fell. Ms. Li encouraged me and tell me her story that she never gave up before her studies didn’t go well. She also said that it was necessary to make efforts so that I would not regret waste time. Her words were the best medicine because she stood in her shoes to deal with problems and gave me sincere advices. She didn’t simple comfort me. Her teaching methods also counted. It had never occurred me that studying could be so interested until I met Ms. Li.

假如你是李华，你校国际部即将举行一次主题为“我爱中国古典诗词”的读书活动。你将代表全体学生，在启动仪式上发言。请你根据以下提示，用英文写一篇发言稿。内容包括：

1. 说明活动的目的；

2. 从中国古典诗词的特点的角度，陈述热爱它的理由；

3. 对学习中国古典诗词的认识。

注意：

1. 词数100词左右；

2. 开头已写好，不计入总词数；

3. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考词汇：古典诗词 classical poetry; 押韵 rhyme

Good morning, everyone!

Welcome to our Reading Activity._________________________________________________________

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The Great War Exhibition

When: Sun 10 Jan, 9:00 am- 6:00 pm

Mon 11 Jan, 9:00 am- 6:00 pm

Where: Dominion Museum Building, 15 Buckle Street, Wellington

Restrictions: All Ages

Ticket Information: Admission Free

The journey is rich in personal stories which tell of the great experience of the battlefields and the hardships at home during war-time New Zealand. The visitors will experience the desperate horrors and the victories of the human spirit that were part of the Great War.

Kaipara Coast Plants & Sculpture Gardens

When: Sun 10 Jan, 9:00 am- 5:00 pm

Mon 11 Jan, 9:00 am- 5:00 pm

Where: 1481 Kaipara Coast Highway (SH16), Auckland

Restrictions: All Ages

Ticket Information:

● Adults: $10.00

● Children 5-13 (under 5, free):$ 5.00

● Groups 10: $ 8.00

● Over 60 & Students (with ID): $ 9.00

Come and enjoy a relaxing art and garden experience. Sculptures are for sale and the display changes completely ever 12 months with the new exhibition opening in December each year to give you a fresh experience each time you come.

Dream Works Animation

When: Sun 10 Jan, 10:00 am- 6:00 pm

Mon 11 Jan, 10:00 am- 6:00 pm

Where: Te Papa, 55 Cable St, Wellington

Restrictions: All Ages

Ticket Information:

● Adults: $ 15.00

● Children & Students 3-15 (with Student ID): $ 6.00

● Children under 3: $0.00

The exhibition features over 400 items, including rare concept drawing, models, interviews, and original artworks. Adults and kids can get creative with real animation tools, and soar above the clouds in the Dragon Flight experience from How to Train Your Dragon.

Balls, Bullets and Boots

When: Sun 10 Jan, 9:00 am- 4:30 pm

Mon 11Jan, 9:00 am- 4:30 pm

Where: National Army Museum, 1 Hassett Dr, SH1, Waiouru

Restrictions: All Ages

Ticket Information: Door Sales Only

The exhibition explores the impact the cruel reality of war had on colonial sportsmen and their loved ones as they were transplanted from the rugby fields of home to fight.

1.If a couple with their son aged 5 attend the second and the third exhibitions, how much should they pay?

A. $ 53. B. $61.

C. $75. D. $82.

2.Which of the following may attract a sport-lover most?

A. Balls, Bullets and Boots.

B. The Great War Exhibition.

C. Dream Works Animation.

D. Kaipara Coast Plants & Sculpture Gardens.

3.What is the writer’s purpose of writing the text?

A. Persuade people to study history seriously

B. Attract more visitors to join in the exhibitions

C. Advise people to spend more time with families

D. Compare the differences of four different exhibitions

We can have conflicts with our important persons like friends, relatives, workmates, etc. But the conflicts doesn’t necessarily mean that the relationship will be destroyed. In fact, sometimes conflict helps people to let out their silent feelings, allowing them to free their suppressed emotions. However, when in a conflict, we usually get angry and say or do things which aren’t linked to the problem at hand. Therefore, it is important that we should try to avoid conflicts through effective communication.

In a heated argument, we usually say things that aren’t related to the real problem, and even use rude words to make sure we gain an advantage over the other person. Then the whole situation goes badly. So we should separate(隔离) the root cause of the problem and build our discussion around it. This ensures that there are no rude remarks and the situation moves in a positive direction.

It’s easy for us to think we’re right and if something isn’t working out, it surely must be someone else’s fault. However, if you aim to solve a conflict, first of all, you should show some respect and allow the other party to express themselves. Using remarks like, “I understand your concern on this” or “I know you’re right at your end”, would make the other person feel more appreciated.

Sometimes some people get too excited and may behave in the wrong way or say something others may not appreciate. This can cause a worse situation. Actually, they should control their emotions and keep calm. This has to be learned through self-control and observing behavior of other people.

The tips mentioned above are useful for most situations. However, we don’t rule out the possibility that there are some people always want to create some sort of trouble for others. You can tell them from others, and putting in an effort to resolve a conflict with them may just not be a wise idea. The best way to deal with these people is to forget them. A famous saying can help you and that is: “You should never fight with a pig; you both get dirty and only the pig likes it.”

1.What can we learn from Paragraph 1?

A. Conflicts may help us deal with our emotions.

B. Conflicts can improve our relations with others greatly.

C. Effective communication can help us avoid conflicts undoubtedly.

D. The closer two friends are, the more conflicts are between them.

2.When making discussions to solve conflicts, we should ________.

A. know others’ personal quality

B. know others’ ability of expression

C. avoid showing our disadvantages

D. avoid the root cause of the problem

3.The author suggests that when people get too excited, they should ________.

A. behave like other people B. control the situation

C. learn to keep their head D. say something unconcerned

4.In the author’s opinion, how should you deal with those who always want to create trouble for you?

A. Fight with them. B. Ignore them.

C. Have a talk with them. D. Give them something they like.

Anxiety has now surpassed depression as the most common mental health disease among college students, though depression, too, is on the rise. More than half of students visiting campus clinics cite anxiety as a health concern, according to a recent study of more than 100,000 students nationwide by the Center for Collegiate Mental Health at Penn State. Nearly one in six college students has been diagnosed with or treated for anxiety within the last 12 months, according to the annual national survey by the American College Health Association.

The causes range widely, experts say, from mounting academic pressure at earlier ages to overprotective parents to engagement with social media. Anxiety has always played a role in the development of a student’s life, but now more students experience anxiety so acute that they are seeking professional help. Like many college clinics, the Center for Counseling and Psychological Services at the University of Central Florida (UCF)— one of the country’s largest and fastest-growing universities, has seen sharp increases in the number of clients: 15.2 percent over last year alone.

Anxiety has become characteristic of the current generation of college students, said Dan Jones, the director of Counseling and Psychological Services at Appalachian State University in Boone, N. C. Because of increasingly pressures during high school, he and other experts say, students arrive at college preloaded with stress. Accustomed to extreme parental oversight, many seem unable to govern themselves. And with parents so accessible, students have had less incentive to develop life skills. “They can’t tolerate discomfort or having to struggle,” Dr Jones said.

More often, anxiety is mild and temporary, the indication of a student under the control of a normal developmental issue-learning time management, for example, or how to handle rejection from a sorority. Mild anxiety is often treatable with early, modest interventions. But to care for rising numbers of severely troubled students, many counseling centers have moved to triage protocols (分诊措施). That means that students with less urgent needs may wait several weeks for first appointments.

Like many college counseling centers, UCF has designed a variety of daily workshops and therapy groups that implicitly and explicitly address anxiety, depression and their triggers. Next fall the center will test a new app for treating anxiety with a seven-module cognitive behavioral program, accessible through a student’s phone and augmented with brief videoconferences with a therapist. It also offers semester-long, 90-minute weekly therapy groups, such as “Keeping Calm and in Control”, “Mindfulness for Depression” and “Building Social Confidence” -for students struggling with social anxiety.

1.Which of the following contributes to anxiety according to the text?

A. Protection from teachers. B. An app in students’ phones.

C. Increasingly learning pressure. D. Management of time learning.

2.What does the underlined word “incentive” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A. Prevention. B. Motivation. C. Acquisition. D. Direction.

3.What’s the purpose of those therapy groups mentioned in the last paragraph?

A. To help students suffering anxiety.

B. To test what social anxiety is.

C. To introduce the cognitive behavioral program of UCF.

D. To emphasize the importance of calm and confidence.

4.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A. Tips on dealing with anxiety

B. Causes of anxiety and depression

C. Different mental diseases threaten college students

D. College mental health centers overburdened with anxious students

The more hours that young children spend in child care, the more likely they are to turn out aggressive and disobedient by the time they are in kindergarten, according to the largest study of child care and development ever conducted. Researchers said this correlation (相关性) held true regardless of whether the children came from rich or poor homes, were looked after by a relative or at a center, and whether they were girls or boys.

What is uncertain, however, is whether the child care actually causes the problem or whether children likely to turn out aggressive happen to be those who spend more hours in child care. It also remains unclear whether reducing the amount of time in child care will reduce the risk that a child will turn into a mean person. What’s more, quality child care is associated with increased skills in intellectual ability such as language and memory, leading some academics to suggest that child care turns out children who are “smart and naughty”.

The government-sponsored research, which has tracked more than 1,300 children at 10 sites across the country since 1991, is bound to cause the debate over child care again: How should people balance work and family? And how should parents, especially mothers. Resolve the demands that are placed on them to be both breadwinners and supermoms?

That debate was already on display at a news briefing yesterday, where researchers themselves had different opinions about the data and its implications (含义). “There is a constant relationship between time in care and problem behavior, especially those involving aggression and behavior,” said Jay Belsky of Birkbeck College in London, one of the lead investigators of the study who has previously annoyed women’s groups because of his criticisms of child care. “On behalf of fathers or mothers?” interrupted Sarah Friedman, a developmental psychologist at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and one of the other lead scientists on the study. “On behalf of parents and families,” responded Belsky.

“NICHD is not willing to get into policy recommendations.” said Friedman, contradicting her colleague. “There are other possibilities that can be entertained. Yes it is a quick solution—more hours in child care is associated with more problems. The easy solution is to cut the number of hours but that may have implications for the family that may not be beneficial for the development of the children in terms of economics.” In an interview after the briefing, Friedman said that asking parents to work fewer hours and spend more time with their children usually meant a loss of family income, which adversely(不利地) affects children.

Scientists said that the study was highly reliable. But the researchers said they had no idea whether the behavioral difficulties persisted as the children moved to higher grades.

1.Children who spend more time in quality child care will ________.

A. develop greater ability in language B. be easy to manage and less naughty

C. possess great risk-taking spirit D. be greedy and mean to their classmates

2.What is still unknown about higher level of aggressiveness in kindergarten children?

A. Whether higher level of aggressiveness can be avoided with longer child care.

B. Where longer child care equally affects children from different families.

C. Whether aggressiveness is a direct result of longer child care.

D. Whether longer child care improves intellectual ability in children.

3.In the fifth paragraph the word “it” probably means ________.

A. NICHD is unwilling to give parents recommendations

B. NICHD is willing to give policy advice concerning child care

C. the number of hours in child care should be reduced significantly

D. parents should discipline the behavior of their children more strictly

4.According to Friedman, Cutting the number of hours in child care ________.

A. may prevent families from having the necessary financial sources

B. will make families unable to enjoy much of the social benefits

C. will result in subsequent behavioral difficulties in children

D. should be accompanied with the improvement in the quality of child care

My wife and I were attending a wedding at St. John’s Church. The sound of _______ rang to the heavens as the ceremony continued.

At the church, I _________ an old friend. Casper, who happened to be at the _________. Now 73, Casper was a brilliant and _________ softball pitcher （投球手） back in the Men’s Leagues of Philadelphia in the mid-60s. I did not _________ the now silver-haired fellow until my brother-in- law John mentioned his name to me! After a very pleasant _________, Casper asked if I remembered a letter of _______ I had written to him back in 1964. It appeared Casper fell on hard times, as professional pitchers _________ do, and he wasn’t pitching too well for a period of time. I did not _______ the letter, but he said, “Yes, I still have it, and I read it anytime ____________ aren’t going too well.” He said that he had read the letter many times, and the situation always seemed to improve. I was __________ and speechless!

He continued, “You don’t remember?” I said, “Sadly, no, I don’t.” But I did ask if I could have a(n) ____________ of the letter. He said he would email it to me. After the ____________, we met on the steps of the church. Casper came up to me and __________ the letter. He lived a block from the ____________ and had run home to get it. The envelope was __________ and turned yellow, and so was the letter inside. That letter had to be nearly 50 years old.

In ______________ terms, the letter read:

“These hard times are ____________ ! Keep your enthusiasm for the ____________. Never quit and you’ll be back on top again __________. Hang on there!”

1.A. wind B. music C. traffic D. fireworks

2.A. took over B. ran into C. picked up D. called on

3.A. meeting B. service C. scene D. position

4.A. limited B. balanced C. devoted D. talented

5.A. invite B. recognize C. disturb D. inform

6.A. discussion B. shaking C. journey D. greeting

7.A. encouragement B. appreciation C. apology D. introduction

8.A. sometimes B. entirely C. rarely D. forever

9.A. receive B. write C. remember D. preserve

10.A. jobs B. things C. stages D. effects

11.A. pleased B. disappointed C. puzzled D. annoyed

12.A. address B. copy C. record D. opinion

13.A. party B. break C. wedding D. incident

14.A. dropped B. delivered C. opened D. presented

15.A. theatre B. church C. office D. station

16.A. folded B. faded C. painted D. divided

17.A. gentle B. patient C. modest D. simple

18.A. reasonable B. temporary C. relative D. impressive

19.A. game B. prize C. glory D. lesson

20.A. casually B. properly C. totally D. shortly