19．More than half of young black men in the United States do not finish high school．Many grow up without fathers and in neighborhoods with gangs，drugs and violence．Sixty percent of those who drop out of school have spent time in prison by the age of thirty-five．
Joe Marshall co-founded the Omega Boys Club in San Francisco，California，twenty-three years ago．Mr．Marshall tries to give boys-and girls-a safe refuge and a chance at a better future．Every week，he has two basic messages for his young students："Stop the violence"and"Don't do drugs．"
Mr．Marshall taught math in middle school and expected to see his best students go to college．
He got a lot of horror stories-a lot of his former students ended up dead or in prison for selling drugs，being involved in gangs，and girls ended up getting pregnant（怀孕）．
The Omega Boys Club serves more than four hundred young people every year．Two times a week，it offers after-school classes in math，reading，family and life skills，and college preparation．
Joe Marshall sees gangs and violence as a disease that needs to be dealt with as a public health problem．"That's what these young people get．They develop a street mentality-anger，fear and pain．Then we tell them to follow some new rules for living that will decrease their chances of ending up dead or in prison and increase their chances dramatically of staying alive and free．"
But his most effective way to spread his anti-violence message is through radio．In 1991，Joe Marshall started"Street Soldiers，"a weekly call-in show．Marlena，one of the graduates of the Omega Boys Club，is at Southern University right now，going into her third year．She talked about what she had learned by coming to Omega，by listening to"Street Soldiers，"and she said she had learned how to love herself．
The club provides guidance and financial assistance to help students stay in school．Over ninety percent of members who were accepted into college have graduated．
41．The passage is mainly aboutD．
A．what problems many young black men are faced with
B．how Mr．Marshall helps his students to go to college
C．why many young black men end up in prison
D．how an organization helps young black people
42．The passage mentioned Marlena in order toA．
A．showcase the success of the Club's effort
B．invite girls to attend the after-school classes
C．highlight the failure of normal schools
D．prove the importance of after-school classes
43．"Street Soldiers"isD．
A．an armed force              B．a gang of blacks
C．a TV program               D．a radio program
44．According to the passage，which of the following is true？C
A．The Omega Boys Club help the government to keep male students at school．
B．Gangs and violence are public health problems that need to be dealt with．
C．The Club offers after-school classes in basic knowledge and living skills．
D．Over ninety percent of the members have graduated from college．

18．As more and more sports_______，the Olympic Games are growing so big that most cities may not be able to host them in the future．（　　）

A．

added

B．

were added

C．

are being added

D．

have added

17．A person has a comparative advantage at producing something if he can produce it at lower cost than anyone else．
Having a comparative advantage is not the same as being the best at something．In fact，someone can be completely unskilled at doing something，yet still have a comparative advantage at doing it!How can that happen？
Let's get some more vocabulary．Someone who is the best at doing something is said to have an absolute advantage．Lance Armstrong （自行车环法七冠王） has an absolute advantage at cycling．For all I know，Lance Armstrong may also be the fastest typist in the world，giving him an absolute advantage at typing，too．Since he's better at typing than you，can't he type more cheaply than you？That is，if someone has an absolute advantage in something，doesn't he automatically have a comparative advantage in it？The answer is no!If Lance takes time out from cycling to do all his own typing，he sacrifices the large income he earns from entertaining fans of the Tour de France （环法自由车赛）．If，instead，his secretary does the typing，the secretary gives up an alternative secretarial job-or perhaps a much lower salary as a cyclist．That is，the secretary is the lower-cost typist．The secretary，not Lance Armstrong，has the comparative advantage at typing!The trick to understanding comparative advantage is in the phrase"lower cost．"What it costs someone to produce something is the opportunity cost-the value of what is given up．Someone may have an absolute advantage at producing every single thing，but he has a comparative advantage at many fewer things，and probably only one or two things．
57．The underlined part in the second paragraph means a comparative advantageB．
    A．is equal to an absolute advantage
    B．doesn't necessarily mean the best skill at something
    C．is not completely based on an absolute advantage
    D．can fully reflect one's ability for work
58．The theory of comparative advantage can remind us of the old saying thatA．
    A．there must be a use for one's talent
    B．where there is a will，there is a way
    C．all roads lead to Rome
    D．action speaks louder than words
59．If Lance Armstrong types today for 60 dollars，but he gives it up and attends the Tour de France for 100 dollars，his opportunity cost isBdollars．
    A．40．B．60．C．100．D．160．
60．According to the author，when we cooperate with somebody，we shouldC．
    A．compare the absolute advantage
    B．consider the time of cooperation
    C．find the comparative advantage first
    D．neglect the opportunity cost．

16．We arrived on Christmas morning，at Bridgetown Harbor in Barbados．Our crew on the Olympia Voyager has warned and rewarned us of the dangers of exploring the 166-square mile island-country on our own．But my wife，Kate，said all she wanted to do was go for a quick swim and do a bit of walking near the harbor．Despite my misgivingswe were one of the first couples off the gangplank（跳板）．
"Let's grab a local taxi and take it to a beach，"said Kate．"What if we miss returning to the Olympia Voyager before she sails？"I asked．
"You worry too much．"
A twenty-year rusty car stopped，and a smiling man who claimed to be a taxi driver reported he was ready to take us swimming．
"How much？"I asked．
"Five dollars，"he said．
His name was Vincent Clarke，who did not appear to have any guns or knives．
"Sounds fine，"said Kate．She started to get in the taxi．
"Just hold on，"I said．"I want to ask Vincent a question or two．"
"Ask me anything，"he said．"I have no secrets．"
"We have been told that you may take us into the hills and rob us and kill us．"
"No，I will not harm you．It is a serious crime to kill a tourist．I will cost you five dollars and I promise you that I will get you back to the Olympia in plenty of time．"
"Let's go，"said Kate．She got in．
We drove for about three minutes and parked at a beach，and while Kate swam，Vincent and I talked as Christmas music played on his taxi radio．Some time later，Kate retimed to the taxi．Then Vincent drove us to the power plant，and a university，and then we sped through a poverty-stricken area．When we arrived，Vincent charged us twenty dollars．Five dollars a person each way．The tour，he said，was free．
Free indeed!
I thanked Vincent for not killing us and only charging us four times his original quote（报价）．
41．The author described Vincent by"…who did not appear to have any guns or knives"，which showed the authorA．
    A．showed great concern for his and his wife's security
    B．intended to look for a gun or knife to defend him and his wife
    C．wanted to find out whether Vincent was a local person
    D．tried to makes his wife give up taking the car to the beach
42．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word misgivings in Paragraph 1？C
    A．mistakes．B．difficulties．C．worries．D．tiredness．
43．From the passage we know the author's wife wasB．
    A．uninterested in the trip．B．independent-minded．
    C．afraid to meet strangers         D．eager to explore the island country alone
44．The author expressed hisAin the end．
    A．obvious distrust of Vincent      B．sincere thanks to Vincent
    C．great dishonesty to Vincent      D．deep understanding of Vincent．

15．[1]Are you a bookworm？Is your head permanently stuck in a book？If so，that's a good thing．There are many benefits to reading．Getting into a good novel improves our literacy （读写能力）．But who or what encourages us to pick up a book and start reading？
[2]Of course，when we are young，our parents and teachers inspire us by introducing us to characters that we love-or love to hate．And there are the authors-the people who invent and write about these characters．Good writing can really capture our imagination．
[3]One modern-day children's author is J．K．Rowling，who's known for her books about the wizard，Harry Potter．Last year she was named as a‘literacy hero'for her part in improving people's love of reading．The UK's National Literacy Trust awarded her the title for"turning a generation of children into readers．"
[4]The Trust also honoured schoolchildren，a librarian and teachers for their effort in trying to get people to read．The actor，Henry Winkler，who has dyslexia，was also named for the books he has written about a boy with learning difficulties．
[5]Reading books is more than an enjoyable pastime；it can also help people in difficult  circumstances．The author Pat Winslow worked as a writer in prisons and found reading and  discussing stories helped prisoners reflect on their patterns of behaviour．She says"Very often we would have discussions about the moral compass of a character，what was the motivation  of somebody，why did they behave that way？"
[6]But the main benefit of reading is the improvement it brings to our literacy． _____，the better we get and who knows-one day you may become the next Tolstoy，Jackie Collins or  even William Shakespeare．

66．What does the author think of good writing？（no more than 10words）Good writing can really capture our imagination．
67．Why was the author J．K．Rowling called a‘literacy hero'？（no more than 10words）
For her turning a generation of children into readers．/For her part in improving people's love of reading．/Because she turned a generation of children into readers．
68．Complete the following statement with words from Paragraph4．（no more than 3words）  Henry Winkler was well-known as a‘literacy hero'for the book about a boy who suffered  fromdyslexia/learning difficulties．
69．What's the main idea of Paragraph 5？（no more than 10words）Reading can also help people in difficult circumstances．
70．Fill in the blank in the last paragraph with proper words．（no more than 6words）The more we read/The more we do it．

14．Imagine a school where there are no academic requirements，no curriculum，and no tests．Children have total contro1of their education and are free to do what they want all day，every day．Sudbury Valley School in Framingham，Massachusetts has been operating this way since 1968．More than 30schools worldwide have imitated the Sudbury model，and over 200schools identify similarly as"democratic schools．"These schools are designed based on the belief that children have an innate curiosity to learn and do best when they direct their own learning．
Sudbury Vallev School admits anyone who wants to enroll（注册）between the ages of 4and 18．Many parents send their kids from a young age because they believe that kids do best when they learn what they want to learn．Other students come to Sudbury because they had various issues in traditional school systems including rebellion，learning difficulties，and  emotional problems．
Sudbury is administered through a democratic process where every student and staff member has an equal vote．In fact，students outnumber staff 20 to 1．There's no age  segregation（差别）；four-year-olds can hang out with teenagers．Many staff members are part time and have rich careers as historians，businessmen，psychologists，artists，among others．
Learning is self-directed and occurs informally through having conversations，starting  projects．reading for enjoyment，and playing games．If students are interested in a particular topic，they work with staff and other students to organize courses and find resources．The  requirement for getting a high school diploma is to write an essay about how they are prepared t0be an adult．95%of students graduate．90%of graduates end up going to college，better than the national average of 66%．
Most graduates say that they benefited from a self-directed education because they were  more motivated than their peers，lacked fear of authority figures，and got a head start in their field of interest．They work hard at doing the things they love to do．

51．From Paragraph 1，we can know thatB．
A．there are curriculums and tests in the school
B．children can control their education freely in the school
C．the school has been a"democratic school"for 50years
D．the school thinks their children lack curiosity
52．Paragraph 2mainly talks aboutD．
A．How parents send their children there
B．When parents send their children there
C．What children do in Sudbury Valley School
D．Why parents send their children there
53．Which of the following shows the school is democratically managed？A
A．Students have the same right as staff in voting．
B．There are as many students as staff members．
C．The students are of the same age．
D．All staff members work part-time．
54．How can the students in Sudbury get their diploma？D
A．By having conversations．     B．By reading for enjoyment．
C．By playing games．            D．By submitting a qualified paper．
55．Most graduates'attitude towards Sudbury Valley School's education might beC．
A．unclear    B．negative    C．positive   D．doubtful．

13．科技的发展使得通讯方式也越来越方便快捷；几乎每个高中生都有了自己的QQ，可以用QQ和自己的朋友聊天，向老师问问题，交流思想．但有的同学花太多的时间在QQ上，有的QQ好友甚至有几百人之多，请你就以上现象加以分析，并发表自己的看法．
注意：词数120～150词．
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

12．[1]If you don't have good nutrition（营养），you're missing a key weapon against colds．Basics include vegetables and nuts．The following are five surprising foods that can improve immunity（免疫力）．
[2]Yogurt．Yogurt，a milk product，contains probiotics（益生菌）．These probiotics change the immune system and help reduce the severity of colds．Choose the yogurt that contains live and active probiotics to make sure you're getting the benefits of the yogurt．
[3]Green tea．A cup of green tea can help cure a sore throat and lift spirits．Green tea can help prevent damage in the body．It may also fight against colds．
[4]Garlic（大蒜）．Garlic has received widespread attention for its possibility of disease-prevention and immune-improving functions．In a study，researchers found that people who _________ regularly were two-thirds less likely to catch a cold．The best way to get garlic's benefts is eating it without cooking．
[5]Orange-fleshed（有橙色的果肉的）vegetables．Pumpkins，sweet potatoes，and other orange-fleshed vegetables are high in beta carotene（胡萝卜素），which the body uses to make Vitamin A．A diet low in beta carotene can reduce immunity，so eating vegetables is a great way to ensure your body has the nutrientsitneeds．Vitamin A is also important in keeping skin healthy．
[6]Oysters（牡蛎）．Oysters are definitely not the first thing that comes to mind when a cold or other illness attacks you，but they are a great source of zinc（Zn）．Zinc is important in the development of white blood cells．It's best to get zinc from a balanced diet．In addition to oysters，beef and chicken are good sources．
66．What does the text mainly talk about？（no more than 8 words）
Five surprising foods that improve immunity
67．What kind of yogurt should people choose according to the second paragraph？（no more than 8 words）
The kind containing live and active probiotics．/The kind that contains live and active probiotics
68．List two benefits of green tea．（no more than 10 words）
（1）Curing a sore throat．
（2）Lifting spirits．
69．Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words．（no more than 4 words）
ate garlic．
70．What does the underlined word"it"in Paragraph 5 probably refer to？（no more than 2 words）
Your body．

11．假定你是李华，你将参加校学生会组织的演讲比赛，你想请你的英语老师去听你的演讲．
请你用英语写一封邀请信．内容包括：
1．邀请老师的原因：你希望英语老师能给你一些建议；
2．比赛时间和地点：下周四下午2：30，校大礼堂；
3．演讲比赛人数：12人．
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．信的开头与结尾已为你拟好，不计人总词数．
4．参考词汇：大礼堂auditorium
Dear Mr．Hu．
I'm Li Hua．      ．
Best wishes!
Yours．
Li Hua．

10．Lacrosse，invented by the NativeA mericans，is a popular team sport in NorthA merica and a national summer sport forC anada．It involves the use of nets，or"heads"as they are called，which consist of a wooden or metal stick with a net on the end．Hockey is a game based on this sport．
The name"lacrosse"was named by the French settlers，with"Crosse"meaning curved stick．Lacrosse played a more serious role in Indian culture than anywhere else．Lacrosse was not a very well known sport until the late nineteenth century．It was mostly a boy's game until a few years ago，and now it is played by both boys and girls．
There were about three different forms of lacrosse based on the different tribes or places of how they played it．One of the ways still played today is called double stick； you play by using a two and a half foot stick in each hand and tossing a deer skin ball in between the two sticks．
Like many other ball games，there are two teams in Lacrosse，each with ten players．There is one goalie，three defensemen，three midfielders and three attackmen．The goalies defend the goals，and if the ball goes into the goal，the team who got the goal scores．Whoever scores the most goals by the end of the game wins，with an overtime period being played if the game is tied．The game has four quarters and starts with a"faceoff"at the beginning of each quarter．A faceoff is when the ball is on the ground to start the game，and one person from each team fights for the bail．

56．Who invented the game Lacrosse？（no more than 3words）ThenativeAmericans．
57．When did Lacrosse become a well-known sport？（no more than 6words）Notuntilthelatenineteenthcentury（inthelate1890s）．
58.1low many players are needed to play a Lacrosse game？（no more than 1word）20（twenty）．
59，What is a goalie's job？（no more than 7words）Todefendthegoal．
60．What happens if two teams score the same goals at the end of a game？
（no more than 6words）Anovertimeperiodisplayed．．