7．Two Earthquakes in Two Months：
Comparing the Quakes in Haiti （海地） and Chile （智利）
Overview （概要） How do the earthquakes in Chile and Haiti compare？Here，students perform a gallery walk to learn more about the earthquakes from a specific point，and then do a specific research and presentation project or response activity．Finally，they seek answers to their unanswered questions．
Materials Print copies of photographs，charts，documents and other visuals to display，as described below； computer （s） with Internet access （optional），research materials，handouts．
Warm-up Choose and prepare a"gallery"of photographs，graphics，news reports and other materials to display around the room to enable students to consider the 2010earthquake in Chile．
Depending on course program，choose materials for the gallery that provide a window on the two quakes，through one of the following specific points，or the focus of your choice：
Earthquakes through History Putting the 2010Chilean and Haitian quakes into historical view related to other earthquakes，including the 1960Chilean quake and the 2004Asian earthquake and tsunami．
Rescue and Aid Considering domestic and international response to the disasters by militaries，governments and aid organizations，including rescue and recovery as well as efforts to provide food，water，health care and shelter to those affected．
Related The article Underwater Plate Cuts 400Mile Gash compares several earthquakes：
Mr．Lin figured that the quake on Saturday was 250to 350times more powerful than the Haitian quake．
But Paul Caruso noted that at least on land，the effects of the Chilean tremor （震动） might not be as bad．For one thing，he said，the quality of building construction is generally better in Chile than in Haiti．And the fact that the quake occurred offshore should also help limit the destruction．In Haiti，the rupture （断裂） occurred only a few miles from the capital，Port-au-Prince．The rupture on Saturday was centered about 60miles from the nearest town，Chillan，and 70miles from the country's second-largest city，Concepción．
Read the article using the following questions．
Questions For discussion with others and reading comprehension：
How does the 2010Chilean earthquake compare to the 1960Chilean earthquake？
Why do scientists believe that the 2010Chilean earthquake will not cause the same level of damage as January's Haitian earthquake did？
How does the 2010Chilean earthquake compare to the 2004Indonesian earthquake？
What reasons do scientists give to explain why the Indonesian quake caused so much more damage than the recent Chilean earthquake？

64．Which of the following shows one of the reasons for slighter losses in Chile than in Haiti？A

65．We can infer that the article Underwater Plate Cuts 400Mile Gash includesD．
A．the causes of the 2010Chilean earthquake and the 1960Chilean earthquake
B．the comparison between the 2010Haitian and the 2004Indonesian earthquakes
C．the reason for the 2010Chilean quake being more powerful than January's Haitian earthquake
D．the reason for less damage in the 2010Chilean quake than in the 2004Indonesian earthquake
66．What is the passage most likely to be？B
A．A program for research．
B．A guide to earthquake study．
C．An advertisement for students．
D．An introduction to quakes．

6．If you enjoyed the spring-like sunshine over the weekend and thought the weather has finally turned a corner，you're sadly mistaken．
Chilly （寒冷的） days and grey clouds are forecast for the week-making it far too early to pack away the winter woollies．
Temperatures will struggle to rise above zero at night and fail to make double figures during the day．
People enjoy the spring sunshine in Sefton Park，Aigburth，Liverpool．Forecasters have predicted a return to chilly weather this week．
Met Office forecaster Charlie said，"It was a nice，dry，bright weekend in many parts and Monday is going to be a similar affair for many．"
"Temperatures will be between 5℃and 8℃，which is below average for the start of spring．"
The sun will disappear from the south of the country after today，with dry but cloudy conditions forecast for tomorrow and Wednesday．
Wednesday will be warmest of the three，with temperatures peaking at 9℃．But this is still two degrees below the March average for the district．
Overnight，temperatures will drop sharply，with lows of minus 3℃for the next three nights．
"It will generally stay on the cold side of average，"said Mr．Powell．
The March misery comes at the end of the coldest winter for more than 30years．
Temperatures in December，January and February struggled to stay above zero，with the UK's average 1.5℃，making it the deepest freeze since 1978-79．
It claimed there was just a one-in-seven chance of a cold December to February．
The agency also sadly predicted a"barbecue summer"，saying it was"quite optimistic"that it would be warmer and drier than average．
Following the two mistakes，the Met Office has dropped its long-range seasonal forecasts and will instead publish a monthly prediction for Britain，updated once a week．
In its defense，it says that while short-term forecasts are extremely accurate，Britain's size and geographical position makes long-term predictions much more challenging．
It also points out that it gave warning of any heavy falls of snow this winter．

60．According to the passage，the weather on Tuesday in the south might beA．
A．dry but cloudy    B．sunny but chilly  
C．sunny and warm    D．cloudy and chilly
61．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage？B
A．British people can put away their winter clothes now．
B．The Met Office has shortened its forecast range．
C．The weather forecast becomes more and more accurate．
D．The agency was quite confident of long-term predictions．
62．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？A
A．The big chill isn't over yet 
B．A warm spring finally arrives
C．A heavy snow is on the way 
D．The Met Office drops forecasts
63．From the passage，we can concludeC．
A．the weather report is more and more important
B．British people become worried about bad weather
C．Britain has just experienced a very freezing winter
D．The Met Office can always predict any heavy snow falls accurately．

5．Saving the Planet with Earth-Friendly Bamboo Products
Jackie Heinricher's love affair with bamboo started in her backyard．"As a child，I remember playing among the golden bamboo my dad had planted，and when there was a slight wind，the bamboos sounded really musical．"
A fisheries biologist，Heinricher，47，planned to work in the salmon industry in Seattle，where she lived with her husband，Guy Thornburgh，but she found it too competitive．Then her garden gave her the idea for a business：She'd planted 20bamboo forests on their seven-acre farm．
Heinricher started Boo-Shoot Gardens in 1998．She realized early on what is just now beginning to be known to the rest of the world．It can be used to make fishing poles，skateboards，buildings，furniture，floors，and even clothing．An added bonus：Bamboo absorbs four times as much carbon dioxide as a group of hardwood trees and releases 35percent more oxygen．
First she had to find a way to mass-produce the plants-a tough task，since bamboo flowers create seed only once every 50to 100years．And dividing a bamboo plant frequently kills it．
Heinricher appealed to Randy Burr，a tissue culture expert，to help her．"People kept telling us we'd never figure it out，"says Heinricher．"Others had worked on it for 27years!I believed in what we were doing，though，so I just kept going．"
She was right to feel a sense of urgency．Bamboo forests are being rapidly used up，and a United Nations report showed that even though bamboo is highly   renewable，as many as half of the world's species are threatened with dying out．Heinricher knew that bamboo could make a significant impact on carbon emissions （排放） and world economies，but only if huge numbers could be produced．And that's just what she and Burr figured out after nine years of experiments-a way to grow millions of plants．By placing cuttings in test tubes with salts，vitamins，plant hormones，and seaweed gel，they got the plants to grow and then raised them in soil in greenhouses．
Not long after it，Burr's lab hit financial difficulties．Heinricher had no experience running a tissue culture operation，but she wasn't prepared to quit．So she bought the lab．
Today Heinricher heads up a profitable multimillion-dollar company，working on species from all over the world and selling them to wholesalers．"If you want to farm bamboo，it's hard to do without the young plants，and that's what we have，"she says proudly．

56．What was the main problem with planting bamboo widely？A
A．They didn't have enough young bamboo．
B．They were short of money and experience．
C．They didn't have a big enough farm to do it．
D．They were not understood by other people．
57．What does Heinricher think of bamboo？C
A．Renewable and acceptable       B．Productive and flexible．
C．Useful and earth-friendly．    D．Strong and profitable．
58．The underlined word"renewable"in Paragraph 6probably means"A"．
A．able to be replaced naturally                B．able to be raised difficultly
C．able to be shaped easily                     D．able to be recycled conveniently
59．What do you learn from the passage？B
A．Heinricher's love for bamboo led to her experiments in the lab．
B．Heinricher's determination helped her to succeed in her work．
C．Heinricher struggled to prevent bamboo from disappearing．
D．Heinricher finally succeeded in realizing her childhood dream．

4．I told my friend Graham that I often cycle the two miles from my house to the town centre but unfortunately there is a big hill on the route．He replied，"You mean fortunately．"He explained that I should be glad of the extra exercise that the hill provided．
My attitude to the hill has now changed．I used to complain as I approached it but now I tell myself the following； This hill will exercise my heart and lungs．It will help me to lose weight and get fit．It will mean that I live longer．This hill is my friend．Finally as I wend my way up the incline I comfort myself with the thought of all those silly people who pay money to go to a gym and sit on stationery exercise bicycles when I can get the same value for free．I have a smug smile of satisfaction as I reach the top of the hill．
Problems are there to be faced and overcome． We cannot achieve anything with an easy life，Helen Keller was the first deaf and blind person to gain a University degree．  Her activism and writing proved inspirational．She wrote，"Character cannot be developed in ease and quiet．Only through experiences of trial and suffering can the soul be strengthened，vision cleared，ambition inspired and success achieved．"
One of the main determinants of success in life is our attitude towards adversity．From time to time，we all face hardships，problems，accidents，and difficulties．Some are of our making but many confront us through no fault of our own．While we cannot choose the adversity we can choose our attitude towards it．
Douglas Bader was 21when in 1931he had both legs cut off following a flying accident．He was determined to fly again and went on to become one of the leading flying experts in the Battle of Britain with 22aerial victories over the Germans．He was an inspiration to others during the war．He said，"Don't listen to anyone who tells you that you can't do this or that．That's nonsense．Make up your mind，you'11never use crutches or a stick，then have a go at everything．Go to school，join in all the games you can．Go anywhere you want to．But never，never let them persuade you that things are too difficult or impossible．"
The biographies of great people are filled with examples of how they took kinds of steps to overcome the difficulties they faced．The common thread is that they did not become defeatist or depressed．They chose their attitude．They chose to be positive．They took on the challenge．They won．

68．The writer has a smug smile of satisfaction as he reaches the top of the hill becauseB．
A．he was actually killing two birds with a stone
B．compared with those silly people，he was smarter
C．he lost weight by cycling to the town center every day
D．he was informed of a short route from his house to the town
69．The writer quoted Helen Keller and her saying as an example to demonstrateA．
A．one cannot achieve anything with an easy life
B．only disabled persons can experience hardship deeply
C．one's success is determined by nothing but his/her attitude
D．it's rare for a deaf and blind person to gain a University degree．
70．From this passage we know that Douglas Bader was a person ofC．
A．individual and creative character
B．stubborn yet charming personality
C．great bravery and strong will
D．excellent speaker with great influence
71．In writing style，the last paragraph serves asD
A．an explanation      B．a demonstration
C．an introduction     D．a summarization．

3．No one wants to be tested．We would all like to get a driver's license without answering questions about rights of way or showing that we can parallel park a car．Many future lawyers and doctors probably wish they could join their profession without taking an exam．
But tests and standards are a necessary fact of life．They protect us from unskilled drivers，harmful products and dishonest professionals．In schools too exams play a．constructive role．They tell public officials whether new school programs are making a difference and where new investments are likely to pay off． They tell teachers what their students have learned--and have not．They tell parents how their children are doing compared with others their age．They encourage students to make more effort．
It is important to recall that for most of century，educators used intelligence tests to decide which children should get a high-quality education．The point of IQ testing was to find out how much children were capable of learning rather than to test what they had actually learned．Based on IQ scores，millions of children were assigned to dumbed-down programs instead of solid courses in science，math，history，literature and foreign language．
This history reminds us that tests should be used to improve education．Every child should have access to a high-quality education．Students should have full opportunity to learn what will be tested； otherwise their scores will merely reflect whether they come from an educated family．
In the past few years，we have seen the enormous benefits that flow to disadvantaged students because of the information provided by state tests．Those who fall behind are now getting extra instruction in after-school classes and summer programs．In their efforts to improve student performance，states are increasing teachers  salaries，testing new teachers and insisting on better teacher education．
Performance in education means the mastery of both knowledge and skills．This is why it is reasonable to test teachers to make sure they know their subject matter，as well as how to teach it to young children．And this is why it is reasonable to assess whether students are ready to advance to the next grade or graduate from high school．

63．According to the passage，school exams enableA．
A．governments to make right policies
B．students to meet their teachers'requirements
C．teachers to understand if their students have made efforts
D．parents to compare their kids'achievements across schools
64．"Dumbed-down programs"in Paragraph 3refer to the programs whichB．
A．lead to high-quality education
B．are less academically challenging
C．are intended for intelligent students
D．enable children to make steady progress
65．Which of the following does the author probably agree with？A
A．Disadvantaged students can benefit from state tests．
B．Tests should focus on what students have actually learned．
C．Intelligent tests decide if children should get a high-quality education．
D．Intelligent tests are helpful in seperating excellent students from poor ones．
66．What is the purpose of the passage？B
A．To re-assess the value of IQ testing．
B．To defend the role of testing in education．
C．To explain what high-quality education means．
D．To call for thorough and complete reform in education．

2．One evening I went out and left my 17-year-old son in charge of his 8-year-old brother and 4-year-old sister．On this occasion，the work was made less troublesome by the presence of his girl friend．I left with complete confidence that the older children would do a wonderful job of babysitting the younger children．Later，I discovered that complete confidence was the last thing I should have left home with．
I had decided to return home earlier than planned so that my son and his girlfriend could go out．I called home with this happy news．But instead of hearing his cheerful，grateful voice on the other end of the line，all I heard was the sound of a telephone ringing．
It was，I should point out，after 10 p．m．，when the two younger children should have been in bed．and when the two older children should have been answering the phone．"I'll give him a lesson，"I said．I decided they must be outside．Why they might be outside at 10：30 on a winter night I had no idea，but it was the only explanation I could come up with．
Finally，in desperation，I called his girlfriend's house．After what seemed like countless rings，his girlfriend answered．"Yes，"she said brightly，"He's right here．"
He came on the phone．I was not my usual calm，rational（理智的）self．After all，one of the rules of survival for modern parents is that you can't trust modern teenagers．"Where are the children？"I said．He said they were with him．They had done nothing wrong．My son had taken the younger children over to his girlfriend's house just for ice cream and cake．This was too good to be believed．Well，it turns out that I shou ldn't have believed it．It was only part of the truth．
The following Saturday evening we were at my parents home，celebrating my birthday．My oldest son gave me the children's gifts．Mounted and framed were a series of lovely color photographs of my children，dressed in their bes t clothes，and wearing their most wonderful expressions．They are pictures to treasure a lifetime，all taken by the father of my son's girlfriend．
36．The author went out and left her eldest son in charge of the younger children becauseC．
A．she knew that her eldest son was a good baby-sitter
B．she thought it no hard work to take care of the younger ones
C．she believed he could do well with his girlfriend's help
D．she could not find a baby-sitter on that winter night
37．When the author called home that evening，she found thatD．
A．two younger children had already been in bed
B．the children were preparing a birthday gift for her
C．her son was quarrelling with his girlfriend
D．there was no one answering the telephone
38．What can you learn from the underlined sentence in the fifth paragraph？D
A．The author didn't believe what her son had told her．
B．The author had complete confidence in her son．
C．The author believed her son was telling the truth．
D．The author was moved by what her children had done．
39．What might the children do that evening？C
A．They had a birthday party．
B．They framed some photographs．
C．They had their pictures taken．
D．They made some beautiful clothes．
40．What does the author intend to tell us by the story？D
A．Modem teenagers are not worth trusting．
B．It is no easy job to look after young children．
C．It's no good to have a girlfriend at an early age．
D．Her children have a caring and tender heart．

1．Grandparents might be known for spoiling grandchildren，but a new study says they might also be helping the kids improve their social skills and behavior．
Spending time with grandma and grandpa especially appears to help children from single-parent，divorced/separated or stepfamily households，according to the report，published in the February Journal of Family Psychology．
"Grandparents are a positive force for all families but play a significant role in families undergoing difficulties，"the study's lead author，Shalhevet Attar-Schwartz，of The Hebrew University of Jerusalem，said in an American Psychological Association news release．"They can reduce the negative influence of parents separating and be a resource for children who are going through these family changes．"
In interviewing 11-to 16-year olds from England and Wales，Attar-Schwartz and her team found that the more conversations the youths had with a grandparent，including asking for advice or even money，the better they got along with their peers and the fewer problems they had，such as hyperactivity and disruptive behavior．
"This was found across all three family structures，"she said．"But adolescents in single-parent households and stepfamilies benefited the most．The effect of their grandparents'involvement was stronger compared to children from two biological parent families．"
The study did not look at children who lived solely with their grandparents，though．
The findings have great implications for people in the United States，the authors said，because American grandparents are increasingly sharing living space with their grandchildren．A 2004 U．S．Census Bureau survey found that more than 5 million households include a grandparent and a grandchild under 18，up 30 percent since 1990，according to background information in the news release．
31．It is generally believed that a grandmotherC．
A．can help a child through hard times
B．can help kids develop social skills
C．can spoil a child
D．is a positive force for all families
32．According t o the passage，grandparents will be of least benefit to a childA
A．from two biological parent families
B．from a single-parent household
C．from a divorced household
D．from a stepfamily household
33．A child who asks his grandmother for money willB
A．have difficulty in getting along with his peers
B．still get along well with his peers
C．be easier to be spoiled than his peers
D．not be popular with peers
34．We can learn from the last paragraph thatA．
A．there are more families in America undergoing difficulties
B．American parents are much busier than those from other countries
C．American grandparents are much better at bringing up their grandchildren
D．American kids like to share more living space with their grandparents
35．The passage implies thatB．
A．children who live solely with their grandparents may benefit the most
B．grandparents are a source of comfort to children from families undergoing difficulties
C．grandparents play a more positive role th an parents in children's growth
D．all families should leave their children to be brought up by grandparents．

20．World Footballer of the Year 2009
Football experts from the world have chosen Steven Gerrard，Lionel Messi，Cristiano Ronaldo，and Samuel Eto'o as the top footballers in the world．Now it's up to you to vote for the player you think is the king of World Football．
THE CANDIDATES

Samuel Eto'o Eto'o ended the 2008-2009 season in Spain with a record of 30 league goals in 36 games，as well as another 6 in 12 games in Europe as Barcelona famously won both La Liga and the Champions League．	Cristiano Ronaldo A Portuguese footballer plays for MU． He plays primarily as a right-winger．He has also been used both in a central attacking role and as a second striker．
Steven Gerrard The 28-year-old Anfield hero has scored 23 goals in all competitions this season，the best record of his career， and is leading  Liverpool's   continuing challengehttp://www..com to Premier League leaders Manchester United as the Reds bid to land their first league title for 19 years．	Lionel Messi Messi is considered to be one of the best football players of his generation，having received several Ballon d'Orand FIFA World Player of the Year nominations（提名）  by the age of 21．His playing style and ability have drawn comparisons to football legend Diego Maradona，who himself declared Messi his"successor"．

Vote NowWHAT THE EXPERTS SAY
*Why I'd vote for Gerrard
"Gerrard is clearly in his prime and quite rightly rated one of the finest midfield players of his generation．"says Steve Bates，chairman of the FWA．
*Why I'd vote for Cristiano Ronaldo
Johan Cruyff points out Ronaldo is better than George Best and Denis Law，who were two brilliant and great players in the history of United．
*Why I'd vote for Samuel Eto'o
Piers Edwards thinks the title of World footballer should go to Samuel Eto'o．
*Why I'd vote for Messi
Messi's individual brilliance and year-long persistence has impressed Diego Maradona．
49．The passage is mainly intended toA．
A．invite readers to vote for the World Footballer of 2009
B．predict the results of the vote of the World Footballer of 2009
C．tell the outstanding performance of the candidates of the World Footballer of 2009
D．share with readers the experts'opinions on the candidates of World Footballer of 2009
50．Which of the following descriptions about the footballers is RIGHT？D
A．Ronaldo has primarily played as a second attacker．
B．Eto'o scored 42 goals in the 2008-2009 season altogether．
C．Diego Maradona believed that Messi could never match him in playing style．
D．Gerrard plays an important role in Liverpool's challenge to Premier League leaders．
51．We can learn from the passage that Ballon d'Or isC．
A．an activity about football              
B．an organization of football
C．a title for excellent footballers          
D．a team name of football
52．Diego Maradona is more likely to voteAto be the World Footballer of the Year．
A．Lionel Messi                        
B．Cristiano Ronaldo
C．Samuel Eto'o                        
D．Steven Gerrard．

19．What did you dream about last night？Did your teeth fall out or did you fly？Maybe you died or someone you know did．Or maybe you were back in high school．These are among the most common dreams people have and they all mean something．Here are some of the most common dreams and their interpretations or symbolism．
         Dreams of flying．Dreams of flying represent feelings of freedom that may result from an instance when you overcome a limitation or obstacle．Usually，children have more flying dreams than adults，because children are more open to their possibilities，and adults have often accepted limitations imposed by society．
         Teeth falling out．Food in a dream is symbolic of knowledge because food nourishes the physical body and knowledge nourishes the soul．Teeth are a means to break down food or knowledge．When your teeth fall out in a dream，it could signify that you feel ill-equipped to break down the knowledge that you have available，that the way you break things down has changed．That change can be either positive or negative．
         High school dreams．High school is a place of learning from the past，and dreaming of being unprepared for a high school test can indicate a struggle to access information you need to handle in your life．
         Recurring dreams and nightmares．Recurring dreams are your subconscious （潜意识）mind's way of trying to get your attention．A recurring dream is a step down from a nightmare that is a louder，more insistent way your subconscious mind communicates．If you have a recurring dream，try to stop in the dream and identify what the dream is trying to tell you．That could mean asking someone who is chasing you what he or she wants．A woman dreamed for years that an old，haggard woman was chasing her around her home．When she finally stopped in the dream and asked the old woman what she represented，the old，woman suddenly turned into a beautiful young woman and replied，"I represent your question of'what if？'"
71．The text is mainly aboutB
A．high school dreams                                       
B．dreams'symbolism
C．dreams of flying                                  
D．nightmares
72．After you've got out of some difficulties，you might have aB．
A．high school dream                               
B．dream of flying
C．dream of teeth falling out                    
D．a nightmare
73．If you dream of being unprepared for a"high school test，it meamsA．
A．you're trying to leam something
B．you will certainly fail in the test
C．you will be scolded by your teacher
D．you're not well prepared for the test
74．The underlined word"identify"in the last paragraph most probably meansC．
A．break out           B．recall            C．make out             D．explain
75．The woman's dream is mentioned mainly toD．
A．tell us nothing but an interesting story
B．show us what a nightmare is like
C．tell us that women are always changable
D．show us the way to deal with a recurring dream．

18．As they migrate（迁移），butterflies and moths choose the winds they want to fly with，and they change their body positions if they start floating in the wrong direction．This new finding suggests that insects may employ some of the same methods that birds use for traveling long distances．Scientists have long thought that insects were simply at the mercy of the wind．
    Fascinating as their skills of flight are，migrating behavior has been difficult to study in．insects because  many long distant trips  happen thousands thousands of feet above ground． Only recently i have scientists developed technologies that can detect such little creatures at such great heights．
To their surpri se，though，the insects weren't passive travelers on the winds．In autumn，for example，most light winds blew from the east，but the insects somehow sought out ones that carried  them south and they positioned themselves to navigate directly to their wIntenng homes．
 Even in the spring，when most winds flowed northward，the insects didn't always go with the flow．If breezes weren't blowing in the exact direction they wanted to go，the insects changed their body positions to compensate．Many migrating birds do the same thing．
The study also found，butterflies and moths actively flew within the air streams that pushed them along．By adding flight speeds to wind speeds，the scientists calculated that butterflies and moths can travel as fast as 100 kilometers an hour．The findings may have real-world applications．
With climate warming，migrating insects are growing in number．Knowing how and when these pests move could help when farmers decide when to spray their crops．
71．Whatl S the main idea of the text？C
  A．Insects migrate with the seasons．
  B．Wind helps insects greatly in migrating．
  C．Windsurfing insects have real direction．
  D．Scientists have trouble in observing insects．
72．Scientists originally thought thatC．
  A．insects always waited for their favourable winds
  B．insects chose the winds they wanted to ride
  C．insects were j ust blown about by the wind
  D．insects posi tioned themselves in the winds  
73．It is not easy to stuay the migrating behavior of the insects becauseD
  A．the little creatures can fly very fast
  B．they have no regular migrating courses
  C．the wind's direction is hard to f．oresee  
  D．their flight is long and high above ground
74．We can learn from the text thatA
   A．insects fly in the way birds do
   B•insects travel more easily in autumn
   C．insects never position themselves when flying low   
   D．insects rest a lot when the wind pushes them along
75．According to the passage，the findings canB．
  A．increase insects in number    B．instruct farmers when to spray
  C．prevent climate warming    D．help protect insects．