4．Some years ago，a Miami woman walking through an office building noticed two men standing together．Several minutes after her leaving，the men murdered a person working in the building．The police determined that the woman was the only witness and could possibly describe them．However，her memory of the men proved disappointingly unclear．Several days later，psychologist Ronald Fisher was brought in to obtain a more complete account from the woman．His interview produced a breakthrough-the woman reported a clear picture of one of the suspects．The important information enabled the police lo arrest the suspect and close the case．
    The police asked Fisher for help because of his rich knowledge in cognitive interview，a kind of memory-rebuilding process．Memory researchers have found that people trying to remember a past event often only recall part of the relevant information．Human memory is selective and it is often distorted by stress．But a person's accurate recall of an event or understanding of a question can be improved using specific interviewing techniques．The"cognitive interview"was developed in the late 1990s．It encourages the witness to take an active role in recalling information rather than giving answers only to someone else's questions．The witness first describes what happened in his or her own words，with no interviewer interruptions．The interviewer then goes further with specific techniques，such as having the witness tell the details of what happened from different perspectives （角度）．
    The cognitive interview focuses on guiding witnesses through four general recalling techniques：thinking about physical surroundings and personal feelings that existed at the time of past events； reporting everything that conies to mind about those events，no matter how broken it is retelling events in a variety of time orders，such as from beginning to end，end to beginning，forward or backward； and adopting different perspectives while recalling events．
    Experiments with police detectives trained in this demanding interview method find that they obtain nearly 50% more information from witnesses than before training，while error rates remain about the same．It is proved that cognitive interviews are quite important tools in improving the accuracy and completeness of witness testimony （证词）．
67．The purpose of the passage is toB．
A．give an account of a murder case
B．introduce an idea of cognitive interview
C．prove Fisher was an expert in cognitive interview
D．help a witness to recall information in a cognitive interview
68．What is required to recall in a cognitive interview for a witness？D
A．The exact time at which a murder took place．
B．The information about the event in the time order．
C．The important things that come to his or her mind．
D．The surroundings and feelings at the time of the event．
69．The key point in a cognitive interview is thatA
A．the witness is encouraged to take part in recalling information
B．the interviewer should interrupt the witness from time to time
C．the interview should take place outside the police station
D．the witness should recall details at the scene of the event
70．The underlined word"distorted"in the passage probably means"C
A．arranged     B．balanced         C．，changed    D．examined．

3．Blind photography sounds strange．But a striking exhibition of photographs in California argues that it develops as a result of the contemporary art．The show"Sight Unseen"，at the California Museum of Photography until Aug．29，includes everything：underwater scenes，landscapes，abstracts and everything else you might expect from a"sighted"photographer．
    How do the blind take their photographs？Some rely on assistants to set up and then describe the shots （镜头），and others just point and shoot in the right place．"Just like any good artists，"says McCulloh．"They have their unique ways of operating．"One participating photographer is Pete Eckert，an artist with multiple degrees in design and sculpture who only turned to photography after losing his vision in the mid-1990s．He opens the shutter （快门） on his camera and then uses flashlights，lights，and candies to paint his scene on film．A former fashion photographer in Chicago，Weston，lost his vision due to AIDS in 1996 and focuses on images of destruction and disability．His photos are also a star of the show．
    What do gallery-goers say？"I was very impressed by it．The technique and experience was amazingly different，"says John Hesketh，a printmaker in Anaheim．"You never have a sense of feeling sorry for these people because they've worked very hard to prove their value．"
    Beyond the praise，however，the exhibition also makes a great example for disabled people everywhere．That point was explained in early May during a discussion on the TV show．At the very end of the talk，one attendee expressed his opinion．"This exhibition is extraordinary and revolutionary for many reasons．I think that by being an artist with a disability，you are continuing the work of those people who fought for basic civil rights to gain access and to have a voice．In that way，it's so wonderful that your photographs say it all．"
63．From the passage we know that some blind people take photos byB
A．describing the things to their assistants
B．holding the camera and shooting randomly
C．opening the shutter with the help of others
D．using special equipment designed for them
64．We can learn from the passage that blind photographersC
A．were not born blind
B．do jobs related to art
C．focus on different subjects
D．like photos of destruction
65．What is people's reaction to the blind photography show？A
A．They admire the blind photographers'hard work．
B．They feel really sorry for those blind photographers．
C．They think some have good techniques while others not．
D．They can understand （lie real meaning of each photograph．
66．The significance of the exhibition lies in the fact thatD．
A．the California Museum of Photography receives praises for holding the show
B．the public have a chance to know what the blind people are concerned about
C．the blind photographers have a good place to show their works
D．the exhibition can be very inspiring to the blind in the world．

2．Dear Daughter，
As we drove off from Columbia，I wanted to write to tell you all that is on my mind．
First，I want to tell you how proud we are．Getting into Columbia is a real testament（证明） of what a great well-rounded student you are．You should be as proud of yourself as we are．
Your college years will be the most important of your life．It is in college that you will discover what learning is about．This will be the period when you go from teacher taught to master inspired，after which you learn is of no practical use in real life，the learning skills you get will be something you will value forever．
Follow your passion in college．Take courses you think you will enjoy．Don't be bothered by what others think or say，but make up your own mind．Most importantly，make true friends and be happy．Don't  worry  abut their hobbies，grades，looks，or even personalities．
Start planning early what you'd like to do．Where would you like to live？What would you like to learn？I think your plan to study fashion is good，and you should decide where you want to be，and get onto the right courses．I will always be there for you，but the time has come for you to be in the driver's seat-this is your life，and you need to be in control．Being in control feels great．Try it，and you'll love it!
So please treasure you college years-make the best use of your free time，become an independert thinker in control of your destiny，and learn through your successes and challenges．
May your years at Columbia be the happiest of your life，and may you grow into just what you dream to be．Love
Dad﹩Mom
（Excerpt from Kai-Fu Lee'letter to his daughter）

56．We can read between the lines thatA．
A．Dad has a strong love for his daughter
B．Dad is very strict with his daughter
C．Dad always worries about his daughter
D．Dad is much concerned about his daughter's health
57．The underlined word"destiny"in the passage is the closest in meaning toB．
A．weight           B．life 
C．position         D．time
58．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage？C
A．Plan things before you do them．
B．Se1f-learning is very important in college．
C．Follow your passion and what other people say．
D．Leading a life is just like driving a car．
59．The purpose of the author in writing the letter is to tel1his daughter toD．
A．smile to her trouble in 1if e 
B．fight till she succeeds
C．be confident and happy 
D．make the most of her college．

1．It is common to have difficulties sleeping during the day．Humans are naturally wired to sleep best at night and be awake during the day．However，modern work schedules require some people to try to accommodate the unnatural schedule of shift（轮班）work-being awake at night and sleeping during the day．
In order to make this adjustment，you need to pay special attention to your sleep environment and your preparation for sleep．If shift work is a necessary part of your work life，here are some suggestions that may help．
Arrange to sleep uninterrupted in a quiet，dark room．This means you may have to turn off or unplug your phone，hang darkening curtains on the windows or wear a sleep eye mask，and train your family and friends to leave you alone while you sleep．
Fit in a nap（小睡）．When your daytime sleep period is too short，taking a short nap of less than 30 minutes just before work or on a break has been shown to improve alertness and enhance performance．
Develop and follow a sleep routine．It's best if you go to sleep and wake up at the same time every day．Try not to vary this too much on weekends．Your body likes routine．
Take extra care to make healthy choices．You may be tempted to reach for unhealthy foods or nicotine to stay awake or alcohol to try to sleep．But ultimately these choices are more harmful than helpful．
If you have tried all these things and are still having problems getting enough quality sleep during the day，talk to your doctor or a sleep specialist．Sometimes medications（药物治疗）may be helpful and safe．In other cases，there may be an underlying sleep disorder that needs to be addressed．
72．The purpose of the text is toD．
A．persuade workers to have a god sleep．
B．advise night workers to keep healthy
C．encourage workers to do day work
D．help night workers to sleep well
73．What does the author recomusend？B
A．A suitable account of alcohol to help sleep．
B．A regular life on weekday's and weekends．
C．A dark room without phoebes to sleep in．
D．A break for sleeping anytime during the day．
74．On which condition should a person turn to a sleep specialist for help？C
A．If he suffers from a sleep disorder for the first time．
B．If a good sleep environment is greatly needed for him．
C．If he falls to get quality sleep through his own efforts．
D．If he has the problem of bailing to sleep in the daytime．
75．We can learn from the test thatD．
A．night workers need a long time to fall asleep
B．constant breaks at work help to improve performance
C．it is difficult to create a good sleep environment
D．night work requires people to adjust their body clocks．

20．Last night was the last game for my eight-year-old son's soccer team．It was the final quarter．The score was two to one，my son's team in the lead．Parents surrounded the playground，offering encouragement．
With less than ten seconds remaining，the ball suddenly rolled in front of my son's teammate，Mickey O'Donnel．With shouts of"Kick it!"echoing（回响）across the playground，Mickey turned around and gave it everything he had．All around me the crowd erupted（爆发）．O'Donnel had scored!
Then there was silence．Mickey had scored all right，but in the wrong goal，ending the game in a tie．For a moment there was a total hush．You see，Mickey has Down syndrome （唐氏综合症） and for him there is no such thing as a wrong goal．All goals were celebrated by a joyous hug from Mickey．He had even been known to hug the opposing players when they scored．
The silence was finally broken when Mickey，his face filled with joy，hugged my son tightly and shouted，"I scored!I scored．Everybody won!Everybody won!"For a moment I held my breath，not sure how my son would react．I need not have worried．I watched，through tears，as my son threw up his hand in the classic high-five（致礼）salute and started chanting，"Way to go Mickey!Way to go Mickey!"Within moments both teams surrounded Mickey，joining in the chant and congratulating him on his goal．Mike happily and everyone sent their wishes to him．
Later that night，when my daughter asked who had won，I smiled as I replied，"It was a tie．Everybody won．"
56．Which is the most correct description of the author's too？He was/hadC．
A．brave          B．honest         C．sympathy       D．pride
57．The underlined word"hush"in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to"B．"
A．stare          B．silence        C．congratulation D．noise
58．After Mike scored，the author help his breath，becauseD．
A．Mike cheated everyone           
B．everyone would accept the fact
C．the score was out of his expectation              
D．his son might get angry with Mike
59．We can infer from the passage that MikeA．
A．was cared about by his teammates
B．was hared by his own team
C．was corbarrassed when he realized the fast
D．was warm-hearted and played soccer for both teams．

19．By analyzing academic data from 10states，representing the testing of more than 7.2millions of youths，U．S．researchers found that gender differences in math scores were extremely small among all ethnic groups in grades 2-11．
These findings are in contrast to earlier results from 1990that indicate measurable differences favoring males in complex problem-solving，beginning in the high school years．
Janet Hyde from University of Wisconsin and colleagues reported their study results in the journal Science on Friday．
Currently，women are largely absent from the highest levels of careers in mathematics，the physical sciences，and engineering．In the United States，Ph．D．programs in engineering currently average only about 15percent women，and similar statistics have led to stereotypes （成见）about girls and women lacking in mathematical ability．
Now，it is clear that the general population no longer shows a gender difference in mathematical skills，according to this latest report．
And this new data on academic performance in the United States shows that students are tested frequently on"recall"and"skill/concept"items，but rarely on"strategic thinking"（战略思维） or"extended thinking"concepts．
If standardized tests do not assess （评估）the sorts of reasoning that are   crucialto careers in science and math，then the skills may not be taught，putting American students at a disadvantage to students in other countries where testing and instruction focuses on more challenging content．"This is a gap that should be fixed，"Hyde said．

61．What is the best title of the passage？B
A．A new study result about math．
B．No gender differences in math．
C．Girls are not good at math．
D．Girls do better in math than boys．
62．Earlier research resultsB．
A．are the same as that of this latest report
B．indicate that boys are much better in complex problem-solving than girls
C．indicate that girls are much better in complex problem-solving than boys
D．are completely wrong
63．The underlined word"crucial"in the last paragraph most probably meansC．
A．necessary     B．unimportant     
C．important     D．cruel
64．What Hyde said in the last paragraph means thatB．
A．standardized tests should assess the sorts of reasoning so that the skills may be taught
B．testing and instruction focuses on more challenging content in the USA
C．students in other countries are cleverer than American students
D．students should be tested frequently on"recall"and"skill/concept"items
65．The passage is most probably taken fromD．
A．a science magazine    B．a research paper  
C．a personal diary      D．a newspaper．

18．Cancun is a seaside town in Mexico，where most tourists come here to enjoy the beach，water sports and night life．In fact，it is so modern and Americanized that you might think you were in southern California or Florida．
But just a short two-hour hike from the town lie the ruins of the city of Chichen-Itza，one of the capitals of the lost Maya（玛雅）civilization．The center of the ruins of this city is the pyramid of El Castillo．The ancient Mayan religious people climbed this pyramid during festival to honor the Sun god．Tourists today climb it to view the architectural achievements of Chichen-Itza and to prove their fearlessness of heights and steep （陡峭的）climbs．There is a sign in Spanish，admonishing visitors"It's dangerous to go up．"I gladly ignored it and started my climb．
The climbing was tough．The steps were higher than one might normally take．，but the climb was not fearful at all．From the top of the pyramid，I had a wonderful view of the ruins of this Mayan city．What was most striking to me was that just beyond the ruins of splendid structures，gardens，temples and what looks like a modern sports stadium，you could only see forests for miles and miles．It was almost as if some race had mysteriously come out of nowhere，built it up and then suddenly disappeared from the planet，leaving only stones in its space．
The only remains on the top of the pyramid were the Temple of Kukulcan．During the festivals to worship the Sun god，only the high ranks would have the right to enter this temple．
After shooting a few pictures，I realized it was time to go down．Only then did I discover that what people fear about the climb is not the trip going up，but the way going down．I saw a few brave souls who were walking down as if they were in their own house．Looking down at the steepness of the pyramid，I desperately feared this great height．My first desire was to joke with a few people，"Where is the elevator（电梯）？"I figured that a civilization that was this advanced would have had the foresight（预见） to construct an elevator．Lacking such modern equipment，I had to use the chain provided by the Mexican tourist authorities and climb down on all fours．
My climb was complete eventually．I quickly got on the bus back to my comfortable hotel．Leaving the ruined city，I was still wondering what possibly happened long ago．But a few hours later，I was back in the modern world drinking cocktails on the beach，bathing in the sunshine before boarding the plane and waiting for my trip back home to the US，where all the modern things such as elevators are available!
62．Why did the writer pay a visit to the ruined city of Chichen-Itza？A
A．He wanted to climb the pyramid of EL Castillo and know about the Mayan civilization．
B．He would got to the Temple of Kukulcan to attend a religious festival to honor the Sun god．
C．He thought the city of Chichen-Itza was quite different from the modern town of Cancun．
D．He was attracted by the ruined ancient buildings there and wanted to take some photos．
63．The underlined word"admonishing"in Paragraph 2 probably means"C"．
A．urging          B．forcing          C．warning         D．frightening
64．Which of the following best shows climbing the pyramid of EL Castillo is a difficult task？D
A．The steps are very high and it is much more scaring to climb to the top．
B．The climbing calls for courage and patience，and also takes a long time．
C．When tourist climb up to the top，there is no elevator to take them down．
D．The pyramid is high and steep，and climbing down is much more fearful．
65．From the last paragraph，we can infer that the writerB．
A．had a bad impression of the visit and decided to leave as soon as possible．
B．thought modernization could offer people comforts and conveniences．
C．got tired of the modern life and tried a different one in his own way．
D．enjoyed himself in the climb though it was very tiring and dangerous．

17．Before Alaska became part of the U．S．，it had been owned by Russia．Trading posts and small settlements were scattered along the coast．The rest of land was left unexplored．The Russians were mainly interested in the wealth of furs from the vast herds of seals they found there．
    By the mid-1800's，most of the seal herds had been wiped out，and Russia no longer wanted to keep Alaska．William Seward，Secretary of State for President Johnson，believed the United States should buy Alaska from Russia．President Johnson wasn't so sure it was a wise way to spend U．S．money，but he agreed to let Seward discuss it with the Russians．Acting quickly，Seward made a deal．On March 30，1867，he signed an agreement for the U．S．to pay seven million dollars for the land．
    Many people thought it was a foolish waste of America's money．They called the deal"Seward's folly"．Then gold was discovered in Alaska and public opinion changed quickly．
Seward did not live to see the true value of Alaska．He died in 1872，five years after making the purchase （购买）．Each year，Alaska's natural resources have brought in many times the $7，000，000 paid for it．Natural gas，coal，oil，lumber，seafood and other minerals，besides the gold first found，have made it a valuable addition to the United States．In 1959，Alaska became the 49th state of the United States．
69．The Russians wanted to sell Alaska becauseC．
A．they thought it wasn't a good place     
B．they thought it didn't belong to Russia
C．they couldn't find enough seals there
D．they wan ted to earn more money from the U．S．
70．When Seward signed the agreement，many people thoughtA．
A．he wasted U．S．money      
B．it had its true value
C．it was a successful deal      
D．he was clever
71．Which of the following things was found first in Alaska？D
A．Gas．B．Coal．C．Oil．D．Gold．
72．Before 1959，the United States hadB．
A.37 states        B.48 states   C.49 states         D.50 states
73．The best title for this passage would probably beD．
A．Alaska，a beautiful place     
B．Alaska with natural resources
C．Alaska，home to seals       
D．Alaska，the 49th state of the U．S．

16．A new study says one part of the human brain may become smaller as the result of a condition known as jet lag．Jet lag results from flying long distances in an airplane．Jet lag interferes with a person's normal times for sleeping and waking．People with jet lag may feel extremely tired for several days．They also may have problems thinking clearly and remembering．
Kwangwook Cho is a researcher at the University of Bristol in Britain．He reported the findings of his jet lag study in the publication Nature Neuroscience．
The study involved twenty young women who worked for international airlines．The women had served passengers on airplanes for five years．These flight attendants flew across many countries and at least seven time zones．In the study，the flight attendants had different amounts of time to recover from jet lag．Half the women spent five days or fewer in their home areas between long flights．The other half spent more than fourteen days in their home areas．
Mister Cho took some fluid from the women's mouths to measure levels of a hormone that increases during stress．He tested them to see if they could remember where black spots appeared on a computer screen．And he took pictures of their brains using magnetic resonance imaging．This is a way to measure the size of the brain's temporal lobes（颞叶）．
It was found that the women who had less time between flights had smaller right temporal lobes．This area of the brain deals with recognizing and remembering what is seen．The same group performed worse and had slower reaction times on the visual memory test．And their saliva samples showed higher levels of stress hormones．
Mister Cho says he believes the brain needs at least ten days to recover after a long trip．He says airline workers told him their ability to remember got worse after working on planes for about four years．Other studies have shown that increased feelings of stress can cause a loss of cells in the part of the brain that controls memory．
Scientists say more tests are needed to study the effects of jet lag on the brain．They want to find out if too much jet lag could permanently affect memory．
72．According to the text，jet lagD．
A．can cause difficulties in speaking
B．can make people feel tired for a few weeks
C．is the illness only found in people who work on the airplanes
D．can be caused by flying over several time zones in an airplane
73．It is inferred that more tests need to be done becauseC．
A．the conclusion was questioned by many scientists
B．scientists fear that his research is not done properly
C．every scientific conclusion needs the support from many tests
D．the woman who were studied in the research were not healthy
74．Which of the following statements is TRUE about the research results？A
A．Women who have a longer rest at home show better memory．
B．Women who fly in short time had smaller right temporal lobes．
C．Women who have longer flights failed the memory test．
D．Women who rest more than 14 days produced less hormones．
75．What is the subject discussed in the test？C
A．The cause of jet lag．
B．A story of a group of flight attendance．
C．A research about the effects of jet lag on the brain．
D．The importance of having enough rest after long flights．

15．The Republic of Vanuatu is an island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean．It was one of the poorest nations in the region．Within the last five years，however，it has become a hot spot for adventure travelers．In 2006 it was voted the happiest place on Earth．The reason is not that Vanuatu are the richest but that Vanuatu has white-sand islands，clear waters，the world's most accessible live volcano，great diving and food that grows faster than it can be picked．
With a population of about 221，000，Vanuatu has 113 languages，which is a result of 3，000 years of immigration from many Pacific countries．There are three official languages：English，French，and Bislama．Bislama developed from South Pacific English，a simplified language that traders and other foreigners used it to communicate with speakers of the many local languages．
Most of the islands are mountainous and of volcanic origin．There are several active volcanoes in Vanuatu，including Yasur on the island of Tanna，one of the world's most accessible volcanoes．If you've ever fancied getting close to a volcano，here's your chance．
Vanuatu Post's Underwater Post Office has quickly become one of the busiest post offices for postcards in the world!Visitors from around the world want to experience the world's first underwater post office．The Post Office is only 50 meters offshore and at just three meters below the surface，very appealing to the young and young at heart．Since opening in 2003，the underwater post office has received about 100，000 visitors．They have posted one of the waterproof（防水的）postcards available in Vanuatu； these cards are collected regularly by one of Vanuatu Post's four trained divers．The underwater branch is manned daily for usually about an hour，longer with demand．
71．Vanuatu was voted the happiest place on Earth becauseD．
  A．it's the poorest nation in the region                
B．it's Vanuatu that are the richest
  C．it's a favorite place for adventurers                
D．it's blessed with abundant nature
72．From the text，Aled to over one hundred languages spoken in Vanuatu．
A．immigration                  
B．location                      
C．dialects                          
D．foreigners
73．Which of the following is true about Vanuatu？B
A．Bislama developed from local Pacific French．
B．Yasur is one of the live volcanoes in Vanuatu．
C．Vanuatu has more than 113 official languages．
D．Underwater Post Office has opened for 5 years．
74．Which of the following would be the most proper title for the text？C
A．Working at the underwater branch                  
B．Great diving in amazing Vanuatu
C．A hot spot for adventure travelers      
D．The busiest post office on Earth
75．What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows？C
A．Various languages
B．Underwater diving．
C．Food in Vanuatu
D．History of Vanuatu．