1．To tweet，or not to tweet？
A guide to the social networking/microblogging service Tewitter
SINCE its creation in 2006，Twitter，the social networking service，has taken cyber space by storm．At first glance it might seem like Facebook，but Twitter is in a league of its own，connecting people with fast-paced updates．It has become a place for activities，celebrities，businesses and everyday people to let others know about videos，opinions，interesting news，advertisements-and，yes what they are eating for lunch．
Twitter：n．a free social networking service that connects users through fast-paced status updates．Twitter-er：n．one who uses Twitter．Tweet：n．short updates or messages，of 140characters or less，wh ich are posted on your profile and sent to your followers．Retweet （RT）：n．unofficial Twitter feature that indicates a re-posting of a tweet from another user．Often uses the text RT@username （of the original source） before the post．Follower：n．one who receives another user's updates on his or her Twitter profile．Direct message：n．a private message sent from one Twitter-er to another．
The phenomenon includes a host of new vocabulary terms and concepts that every self-respecting Twitter-er should know．Here's a quick course on Twitter．
So you've finally been swept up by the techno-tide and gotten a Twitter account．But what to write？Who knew 140characters could be so overwhelming？
Darren Rowse of the TwiTip blog（www．twitip．com） recommends a two-step tweeting process：figure out what your follows want，and then give it to them．Some combination of cool links，conversation-starting quotes or questions，retweets and photos works well，Rowse writes．
Keep in mind that Twitter doesn't directly offer photo hosting．You will need to use a third-party site like TwitPic （www．twitip．com） to upload your photos．Other sites，like TwitVid （tweetdeck．com/beta） can be used to post videos．
If you th ink the Twitter Web Site too complicated，try a Twiiter client-Tweetdeck（tweetdeck．Com/beta） and the Mac-only Tweetie（www．stebits．com）are popular，and both also are available as iPhone apps（应用程序）．
Even without an iphone，you can update you Twitter on the go．After adding your phone number to your Twitter account，you can text updates to 40404（check Twitter's Web site for numbers to use outside the United States）But no matter how you tweet，remember that people can see what you post，and Twitter might not be the best place to complain about your boss，even if you make your Twitter private，your followers may not share your sense of discretion．
Twitter is crowded with celebrith accounts．The famous，who once avoided the media in their private lives，are posting everything on Twitter for all the cyber world to see，gathering followers in the millions．Who's leading the celebrity pack？TwitterCounter（www．twittercounter．com），a site that tracks the most popular Twitter users，lists Ashton Kuntcher and former fashion model，as the nost popular Twitter-er with，as of our publication date，2，691，112followers．
Title：To tweet，or not to tweet？

Introductionto Twitter	（71）Created/Launched/Originated/Started in 2006，twitter，the soclal networking service，has enjoyed（72）popularity/success/fame among the cyber world．
Basic Twitter（73）terms/vocabulary/terminology	●twitter ●twitter-er ●tweet ●retwwet
（74）recommendation（s）/advice  to tweet your tweets	●Follow a two-step tweeting process，according to the （75）Tips/Hints/How/Ways of Darren Rowse． ●Use a third-party site to upload your photos and post videos． ●Try Twitter clients to help you （76）use/with/understand  Twitter，among which the Tweet-deck and the Mac-only Tweetie are well （77）receive． ●Add your phone number to your Twitter account if you don't have an iPhone． ●Be（78）cautious/careful/watchful/mindful of what you post even if your twitter is made private
Celebrity twitter-ers	Celebrties now are （79）crazy/wild/enthusiastic/keen/mad about tweeting，among whom Ashton Kutcher is the most popular，（80）followed/watched  by the largest number of twitter users．

20．（Reuters）-A U．N．climate deal due to be agreed in Copenhagen at talks from December 7-18may fall short of a legally binding（有约束力的） agreement．If Copenhagen fails to live up to hopes of a strong agreement to slow global warming，what are the reasons and who risks blame？The following are some of the candidates：
●Decline in economy distracted（分散） focus from climate change after the world agreed in Bali，Indonesia，in 2007to work out a new U．N．agreement by December 2009．Rich nations have put billions of dollars into green growth as part of recovery packages but，when unemployment at home is high，find it hard to promise extra money for developing countries．The slowdown in industrial output means a brief fix--greenhouse gas emissions（排放） are likely to fall by as much as 3percent this year．
●Many delegates at U．N．talks have given up hope that the United States，the number two emitter after China，will agree legislation（立法，法律） to limit carbon emissions before Copenhagen．The US is the only industrialized nation outside the Kyoto Protocol（京都协议书） for cutting greenhouse emissions until 2012．Many countries welcomed President Barack Obama's promises of doing more to fight climate change when he took office in January but hoped for swifter action．
●Developing nations accuse the rich of repeatedly failing to keep promises of more aid．Few developed countries live up to a target agreed by the U．N．General Assembly in 1970to give 0.7percent of their gross domestic product in development aid．Other plans，such as the Agenda 21environmental development plan agreed in 1992，have fallen short．
●Most rich nations are promising cuts in greenhouse gas emissions well short of the 25-40percent below 1990levels by 2020，which are needed to avoid the worst of climate change．Overall cuts promised by developed nations total between 11and 15percent．Best offers by countries including Japan，the European Union，Australia and Norway would reach the range．
●More than 90percent of the growth in emissions between now and 2030is set to come from developing nations--with almost 50percent from China alone，U．S．climate envoy Todd Stern said this week．"No country holds the fate of the earth more in its hands than China．Not one，"he said．China and India say they are slowing the growth of emissions but raising living standards is more important．So burning more energy is unavoidable--as industrialized nations have done for 200years．
●2008was the 10th warmest year since records began in the mid-19th century．The warmest was 1998，when a strong El Nino event in the eastern Pacific disrupted（使混乱） weather worldwide．That has led some to argue that global warming is slowing even though the U．N．'s WMO（世界气象组织） says a long-term warming trend is unchanged．
●People have been slow in changing lifestyles to use less carbon．Simple choices like taking more public transport，using less heating or air conditioning，even changing light bulbs can help if millions of people act．（508）
Who's to blame if U．N．climate deal falls short？

Possible candidates	Supporting Details
（71）Economicdownturn	●Faced with the（72）domestic rising unemployment，rich countries fail to give more aid to developing ones． ●（73）lessindustrial output brings about a temporary relief from the pressure of greenhouse gas emissions．
United States	●It's the only industrialized country outside the Kyoto Protocol． ●Immediate（74）action was expected to be taken by President Obama to fight climate change．
Rich-Poor divide	●Developed nations are（75）blamed by the poor for repeatedly breaking promises of aid．
Developed nations	●There is a huge （76）gapbetween the overall cuts promised by developed nations and those required to avoid climate catastrophe．
Developing nations	●The increase in emissions from developing nations （77）accountsfor 90% between now and 2030． ●Developing nations need to give （78）priorityto raising living standards by burning more energy．
The weather	●The worldwide disorder caused by El Nino has （79）misledsome people into believing that global warming is slowing．
The public	●People should be（80）encouraged/urged to change lifestyles to use less carbon．

19．Educating girls quite possibly yields a higher rate of return than any other investment （投资）available in the developing world．Women's education may be unusual territory for economists（经济学家），but enhancing women's contribution to development is actually as much an economic as a social issue．And economics（经济因素），with its emphasis on incentives，provides guideposts that point to an explanation for why so many girls are deprived（剥夺）of an education．
　　Parents in low-income countries fail to invest（投资）in their daughters because they do not expect them to make an economic contribution to the family：girls grow up only to marry into somebody else's family and bear children．Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and art kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school-the prophecy （预言） becomes self-fulfilling，trapping women in a vicious circle （恶性循环） of neglect．
　　An educated mother，on the other hand，has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of choices．She is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist on the development of all her children，ensuring that her daughters are given a fair chance．The education of her daughters then makes it much more likely that the next generation of girls，as well as of boys，will be educated and healthy．
Few will dispute that educating women has great social benefits．But it has enormous economic advantages as well．Most obviously，there is the direct effect of education on the wages of female workers．Wages rise by 10 to 20 per cent for each additional year of schooling．Such big returns are impressive by the standard of other available investments，but they are just the beginning．Educating women also has a significant impact on health practices，including family planning．
Topic：The significance of female （76）educationin developing countries

Opinion	Educating girls in more（77）beneficial/rewarded/valuablethan any other investment．
Families	From low-income families	From educated mothers'families
Attitudes	Girls are of less（78）value/importance/significancethan boys．	Development should be for all（79）children．
（80）Practices/Measures	There is（81）no/littleinvests ment in daughters． Girls are made to may at home，（82）doinghousework．	Girls and boys have（83）fair/equal/samechances．
Significance	Educating girls（84）contributes/leadsto social benefits，conceit advantages and health practices，including faruly planning．
（85）Conclusion	Educating girls in developing countries is important and rewarding．

18．下面是在你们班学习的韩国朋友金泰熙的有关信息，请用英语写一篇介绍他的短文．

年龄	18岁	籍贯	韩国 首尔	父母	在青岛开公司
爱好	中国民歌、武术	愿望	回国当汉语老师，传播中华文明
特点	1．对己要求严，生活简朴、乐观； 2．善于助人，与人关系融洽，朋友多； 3．汉语进步大，能用汉语和人沟通．

参考词汇：首尔：Seoul   金泰熙：Kim Hae Hee
 注意：
1．词数120-150字；
2．可适当发挥，增加细节，使行文连贯、完整．

17．假如你班将举行一次英语班会，主题为"How to be healthy"，请你根据下面提示用英语写一篇发言稿．

存在问题	部分中学生身体素质差
解决方法	充足的睡眠 加强锻炼，增加户外活动 定时吃饭，少吃零食  养成讲卫生的习惯

注意：1．字数120左右；开头已给出，不计入总词汇，可适当发挥．
    2．生词：零食：non-staple food   卫生：hygiene
Dear friends．
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

16．Fifteen percent of US teenagers aged 12 to 17 who own mobile phones have received nude（裸体）or nearly nude images of someone they know，according to a survey released on Tuesday．
Only four percent of mobile phone-owning（35）Ain that age group have sent sexually suggestive pictures of themselves，a practice known as"sexting，"（36）Dthe Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Project．
The Pew survey found that girls and boys were equally as likely to have sent a suggestive picture to（37）Bperson and（38）Cteenagers were more likely to have engaged in"sexting．"
Eight percent of 17-year-olds with mobile phones have sent a sexually provocative（刺激的） image（39）Atexting and 30 percent have（40）Ba nude or nearly nude image on their phone．
Only four percent of 12-year-olds have sent suggestive images of（41）B．
Amanda Lenhart，a senior research specialist at Pew and the author of the report，said sexually suggestive images have become a（42）Dof"relationship currency"for teens．
"These images are（43）Aas a part of or instead of sexual activity，or as a way of starting or（44）Ca relationship with a significant other，"she said．"And they are also passed（45）Ato friends for their entertainment value，as a joke or for（46）B．"
"The desire for risk-taking and sexual exploration during the teenage years（47）Cwith a constant connection via mobile devices creates a'perfect storm'for sexting，"said Lenhart．
"Teenagers have always grappled with issues around sex and（48）D，but their coming-of-age mistakes transgressions have never been so easily（49）Aand stored for others to see，"she added．
The survey found that teens with unlimited text messaging plans were more likely to receive"sexts"（50）Aimages of people they know．About 75 percent of mobile phone owning teens have unlimited plans．
Among this group，Pew said 18 percent reporting receiving"sexts"（51）Bwith eight percent of teens on（52）Adata plans and three percent of teens who pay per message．
According to Pew，58 percent of 12-year-olds own a mobile phone and 83 percent teens aged 17（53）C．
Pew noted that a number of US states are grappling with how to（54）B"sexting"among minors and some legislatures（立法机关） have stepped in to consider laws that would downgrade charges from felonies（重罪） to misdemeanors（轻罪）．
Pew conducted telephone interviews with 800 teens aged 12 to 17 and their parents between June 26 and September 24．

35．A．teens	B．adults	C．students	D．parents
36．A．referring to	B．reporting	C．saying	D．according to
37．A．other	B．another	C．others	D．the other
38．A．younger	B．fewer	C．older	D．more
39．A．by	B．in	C．on	D．through
40．A．accepted	B．received	C．sent	D．mailed
41．A．others	B．themselves	C．himself	D．herself
42．A．habit	B．system	C．method	D．form
43．A．shared	B．limited	C．tasted	D．controlled
44．A．remaining	B．gaining	C．maintaining	D．obtain
45．A．along	B．by	C．as	D．for
46．A．joy	B．fun	C．excitement	D．delight
47．A．compared	B．followed	C．combined	D．went
48．A．friendships	B．scholarships	C．relatives	D．relationships
49．A．transmitted	B．transformed	C．formed	D．switched
50．A．containing	B．concluding	C．including	D．concerning
51．A．comparing	B．compared	C．connected	D．joined
52．A．limited	B．unlimited	C．few	D．little
53．A．have	B．same	C．do	D．too
54．A．do with	B．deal with	C．remove	D．ban

15．Are you（31）Bfor a place in the southwest of China？If your answer is"yes"，why not pay a trip to Shangri-la，which is（32）A mysteries and beauty．
The world"Shangri-la"first appeared in the 1993 novel Lost Horizon（33）Bthe British writer James Hilton．He described a beautiful kingdom where three rivers（34）C together and snow-capped mountains reached to the sky，with fields of long grass covering the earth．In this perfect world lived people who had discovered how to stay（35）Cforever．
Three mountains are covered with snow and tower（36）Athe land．These snowy mountain tops form（37）B beautiful picture that we can't wait to fly there．
Lakes，（38）B by vast grasslands，look like diamonds．Sheep，cows，horses and animals feed（39）Con the green grass and the forests around are（40）Dto lots of birds and animals．In this heavenly world，people live in perfect harmony with nature．
 

31．A．tired	B．thirsty	C．hungry	D．angry
32．A．full of	B．lack of	C．short of	D．fill with
33．A．with	B．by	C．for	D．to
34．A．put	B．got	C．joined	D．formed
35．A．calm	B．still	C．young	D．the same
36．A．over	B．above	C．on	D．beyond
37．A．so a	B．such a	C．such	D．so
38．A．covered	B．surrounded	C．separated	D．divided
39．A．simply	B．deeply	C．mostly	D．finally
40．A．family	B．room	C．space	D．home

14．假如你是张华，最近你们班同学针对发生在青少年身上的交通事故的原因作了一次调查．请你根据下表内容，写一封信给21st Century的编辑，说明你们调查的结果，并提出你的建议．

原因	司机	精力不集中，打手机，超速 酒后驾车
	青少年	不遵守交通规则 自行车车况差 边走边看书、听音乐
建议	（自由发挥，至少两点）

注意：信的格式和首句已给出，不记入总词数
Dear Editor，
    I'm writing to tell you about the survey our classmates did about the causes of traffic accidents involving teenagers．______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
                                               Yours faithfully
                                                 Zhang Hua．

13．中学生过生日往往赠送礼物，这是一种时尚，少数学生到饭店或宾馆举办生日聚会．为此，不同的学生有不同的看法．请你根据下列表格内容，署名王华，给某一家英语报社的编辑写一封信，并说说自己的看法．

赞成	聚会可以给同学们提供相互交流的机会；有利于加深同学之间的感情，增进彼此之间的友谊；课余时间能够放松心情．
反对	既浪费时间又浪费金钱；造成学生攀比；对同学们的学习和成长都会产生不良影响．
你的观点	…

注意：1．词数：120左右 （信的开头和结尾已经给出，但不计入总词数）
2．短文应当包括表格中的所有内容，考生可以合理地增加细节，以使短文更加连贯．
3．参考词汇：攀比 keep up with the Joneses
Dear Editor，
I'm a middle school student named Wang Hua．_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Wang  Hua．

12．假定你是李华，英语课上你们班级就"好朋友的选择标准"展开讨论，结果如图所示．请你根据思路图提示的内容，写一篇英语短文，总结讨论结果，并谈谈自己的看法．
注意：
1、根据思路图适当展开，以使行文连贯；
2、词数：120左右．