Young people in the United States do not have a strong understanding of the world and their place in it.

Two U. S.—based groups, the Council on Foreign Relations and the National Geographic, Society commissioned an online survey earlier this year. They wanted to know what young people educated in American colleges knew about geography, U. S. foreign policy, recent international events, and economics.

The survey was given to over 1,200 Americans between the ages of 18 and 26 years. All of them presently attending, or having previously graduated from, a 2-or 4-year college or university.

The average test score, out of 75 total possible answers, was 55 percent. The study identifies a few important problems. For example, only 30 percent knew that the only part of the U. S. government that can declare war is Congress. Only 60% of those taking the survey could identify Brazil on a world map.

Part of the problem, argue the organizers of the survey, is the internet. They say it is becoming harder to find high-quality information about world events amongst all the fake news and trivia which swamp the web. Forty-three percent of those questioned said they read about the news on Facebook.

Another problem is that most college courses do not require students to learn about international issues. If such information is not required, Richard Haass from the Council on Foreign Relations said, then the United States could have leaders like Gary Johnson. He was a recent presidential candidate who did not know about the Syrian city of Aleppo when a reporter asked him about it.

The survey results were not all bad. The young people also demonstrated a good understanding of climate change and renewable energy. And the majority of them said that international issues were becoming more important to them.

Haass says these findings suggest the need to find was to get good information to students, both in school and online. To help, the Council on Foreign Relations is creating a new program called CFR Campus, designed to help build knowledge about global issues.

1.What can we learn about the survey?

A. All the participants were recent university graduates

B. It was an online survey conducted by two US universities

C. Its aim is to figure out what the young people know about America

D. It was given to over 1,200 American people aged from 18 to 26

2.What’s one reason survey organizers give for young people’s lack of knowledge?

A. Young people are unwilling to travel abroad

B. The sources from which they get their information

C. The US university system is of poor quality

D. Their lack of interest in knowing more about the world

3.According to the survey, what topic did the young Americans understand best?

A. Environmental matters B. Geographic information

C. Foreign relations D. Government organizations

4.In which column of a newspaper could we find this article?

A. Economics B. Entertainment

C. Politics D. Education

Many Shopping malls now have special areas that offer shoppers their first chance to experience “VR technology”. You may have entered one out of curiosity, or you may think it is just another piece of useless technology. Whatever your opinion, VR, or virtual(虚拟的)reality, is going to become a big part of our lives very soon.

2016 saw the introduction of many fancy products in the world of VR, including Microsoft's HoloLens and Samsung's Gear VR. All of them offer an exciting look at the new realities” and opportunities that VR brings.

These, however, are the early days of a technology that is expected to go from strength to strength. And 2017 looks like it is going to be the year in which VR technology really takes off.

For a start, using VR will become more normal in 2017. Microsoft and Intel have already discussed their plans for simpler and less expensive VR headsets.

The idea of VR will stop being a sci-fi (science-fiction) idea, and instead it will turn into an industry of real products used as ways to show off imagination.” said Andrew, a designer at US VR Company, Survios.

It is also expected that VR products will play a part in more common and real-life fields like fashion and film. For example, to enjoy the atmosphere and energy of the front row experience at a fashion show, fans will no longer have to go along in the flesh. Instead people will be able to enjoy the experience by just wearing a VR headset at home.

You can also expect VR mirrors and fitting-rooms sooner rather than later. '' This is an especially good opportunity for brands looking to offer very personalized experiences.'' said Roy DeYoung from US-based marketing agency, PMX.

As time goes on, there will be less discussion about whether people will accept VR technology. It will simply be a discussion of when.

1.Why do many shopping malls have areas for VR experiences?

A. To collect shoppers' opinions.

B. To meet the demands of shoppers.

C. To introduce the new technology to shoppers.

D. To entertain shoppers with new technology.

2.The underlined phrase “in the flesh” can be replaced by_____________.

A. in time B. in person

C. in line D. in order

3.What can we learn about VR products from the passage?

A. They are cheap for the time being

B. They are being used almost everywhere.

C. They won't be accepted for many years.

D. They will meet more personal demands.

4.What may be the best title for the passage?

A. VR Takes over Fashion

B. VR Mirror are around the corner

C. VR is Becoming Real

D. VR Meets our Life Goal

Can training Your Working Memory Make You Smarter?

We would all like to increase our cognitive(认知的)ability beyond the limits set by Mother Nature. So it’s no wonder that brain-training programmes—which typically focus on training our working memory—are a multibillion-dollar industry. But can this kind of training really make us smarter?

Cognitive training sees the brain as a kind of muscle that can be made stronger with the right kind of practice. It consists of tasks or games carried out on computers or smart phones. Despite much research, there has so far been no agreement about its effectiveness. Some think that cognitive training increases a broad range of cognitive abilities, while others less optimistic.

Yet we do know that some cognitive skills, such as working memory and intelligence, tend to go together and are predictors of real-life skills such as work performance. Thus, training one cognitive skill might lead to an improvement in many other cognitive and non-cognitive skills. That is exactly the underlying hypothesis(假设)on which working-memory training is based.

To test this hypothesis, we examined all the studies about working-memory training we could find with normally developing children: 26 experiments and 1,601 total participants. Children represent an ideal test group: during childhood, skills are still at the beginning of their development. Thus, cognitive training is more likely to succeed with children than adults.

The results were very clear. Working-memory training did not show any effect on children’s fluid intelligence, a person’s ability to solve new problems and adapt to new situations. It didn’t influence their academic achievement or other cognitive abilities, either. The only reliable effect was that children got better at what they trained to do. No more, no less. So performing working-memory tasks does seem to make you better at doing them. Nonetheless, the fact that participants got better at such tasks does not necessarily mean that their working-memory ability increased. They may just have learnt how to perform that particular type of task.

The results do indicate that the use of working-memory training programs as an educational tool is fruitless. More generally, together with other research, the results contribute to disproving cognitive training companies promises of a better brain.

The results have even more important implications theoretically. They question the hypothesis that training general cognitive mechanisms can affect other cognitive or real-life skills. Beyond working-memory training, other recent studies have shown the improving cognitive skills outside music-including academic skills.

However, these negative results must not discourage us from training our cognitive and non-cognitive skills. We just have to be aware of the actual limitations of such practice in areas outside what we are actually training. But that doesn’t mean we shouldn’t do it-the most efficient way to develop a skill is, after all, to train that skill.

1.To find out the effect of working memory training, the author ________.

A. made some scientific studies

B. reviewed the previous research

C. compared different test groups

D. got some children involved in the experiment

2.Children joining in the experiments were able to __________.

A. do better in the field where they are trained

B. obtain greater academic achievements

C. adjust to new situations quickly

D. succeed when they deal with real life problems

3.What is the author’s attitude toward the cognitive training?

A. Pessimistic B. Disapproving

C. Objective D. Optimistic

4.Cognitive training is likely to _______ according to the passage.

A. discover the secrets of human minds

B. make one’s brain stronger by way of practice

C. earn a good name for the training company

D. bring much profit to the training companies

Parents Model Healthy Eating

It should come as no surprise that the more stressed parents are not work, the greater the burden on their family is. 1.After all, the more time parents spend working, the less time and energy they have to plan and prepare healthful meals.

For years, most studies have focused on the role of working mothers while fathers were ignored. They didn’t look at the family as a whole, 2., adds a new wrinkle to the relationship between work stress and family nutrition.

Moms’ work related stress is still a central factor in how well families eat because they typically do most of the food shopping and cooking.3.The study found that when mom or dad experience high levels of work related stress, their families are eating one-and-a-half fewer family meals per week, and the parents themselves report eating fewer fruits and vegetables, more fast food, and are less likely to eat breakfast regularly.

It’s worth noting that the study looked mainly at low income families who belonged to ethnic or minority groups. 4. But the implications are wide ranging.

5.Teaching kids, especially teenagers, to help with grocery shopping and to cook actual meals, instead of just putting a frozen pizza in the microwave, could be an important piece of the puzzle in helping families improves their eating habits.

A. When it comes to family nutrition, the entire family plays a role even kids.

B. so the findings don’t necessarily apply directly to other types of families

C. But dad’s work related stress has a large impact, too.

D. Yet, the kids’ stress may influence the families’ nutrition, too

E. and at the role of fathers in particular

F. It’s also probably not a surprise that his can negatively affect a family’s nutrition

G. It is parents who give their kids a good model to develop a good eating habit.

I had just arrived in this Asian country for a one-year teaching position. One day, I took the subway to visit some ancient palaces and temples in the downtown. The following account of what happened to me has taught me much about culture________.

Since all the _____were taken, I stood. Suddenly, I felt someone pulling on my bag.______I probably was in someone’s way, I moved over slightly. But in one quick motion(动作), I felt my bag removed from my back, and in a flash it was ______. I turned around to see who the thief was, I looked at the people standing behind me, but didn’t see my bag or anyone______. My heart sank and I began to______ .

I glanced around the car only to find directly across from me was an elderly lady, and sitting on her lap was my ____. I tired to get it back from her lap. But as I began to ______it up, she quickly grabbed(抓住)it back and held onto it. I looked around at the people standing beside me, and those sitting beside her, but no one took any_______of the situation. Trying not to cause a(an) _____ , I tried to negotiate through gestures. I used my hands as best as I could, but she ______my requests for my bag and pointed to my back. She picked up my bag, showing how_____ it was. I finally began to understand. She was holding my bag to______ me.

At the next stop, a middle-aged woman got on the crowded subway. Another elderly woman sitting down took her bag, ______ it on her lap. They didn’t talk; _____this older woman was more than pleased to sit with this stranger’s bag on her lap throughout her journey.

As the subway pulled into the main downtown station and I was getting ready to get off, the woman ______handed me back my bag. But______ I had a chance to thank her, she had disappeared into the crowd.

Sadly, this considerate custom was more _______to me than if I had been robbed. Everyone back home had heard of being robbed-that was______city behavior-but having a stranger hold onto someone’s bag out of _______, in a city of twelve million people—that was truly unusual.

1.A. loss B. difference C. cause D. aim

2.A. seats B. cars C. buses D. stations

3.A. Deciding B. Expecting C. Admitting D. Assuming

4.A. broken B. gone C. opened D. emptied

5.A. dangerous B. nervous C. cautious D. suspicious

6.A. scream B. panic C. leave D. regret

7.A. book B. money C. bag D. map

8.A. bring B. pull C. check D. wrap

9.A. advantage B. charge C. notice D. photo

10.A. scene B. attack C. accident D. change

11.A. received B. handled C. ignored D. considered

12.A. heavy B. useful C. small D. special

13.A. remind B. tease C. warm D. help

14.A. dropping B. tapping C. setting D. closing

15.A. or B. so C. because D. yet

16.A. gently B. gratefully C. angrily D. anxiously

17.A. before B. once C. until D. while

18.A. amusing B. surprising C. annoying D. disappointing

19.A. practical B. harmful C. usual D. suitable

20.A. curiosity B. pity C. desperation D. kindness

When you are thirsty, you can drink some green tea. It tastes good and it’s very healthy. The Chinese1. (know)about the benefits of green tea since ancient times, and they use2.to treat everything from headaches to depression. They have 3.(actual)been using green tea as a medicine for over 4,000 years.

Nowdadys, there is scientific evidence of the health benefits of green tea. According to one study4.(publish)in a cancer research journal, drinking green tea 5.(reduce)the risk of some types of cancer in Chinese men and women 6.nearly sixty percent. USA researchers have also found that green tea may prevent the7.(grow)of cancer cells. There is also new evidence 8.green tea can help to destroy bacteria in our bodies. It is especially effective at getting rid of the bacteria on your 9.(tooth)and keep them healthy!

According to the Chinese proverb, “It is10. (good)to go without food for three days, than without tea for one.” So, in brief, you should definitely try a cup of green tea. It seems that it can only do you good.

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Getting rid of the bad habit of procrastination(拖延症)is now my goal in life. My first step was to set small targets what can be reached realistically. For example, I plan to set a timetable for my study. So after school, I will put finishing homework in the last place. Additionally, I will make a list of my important task including their due dates but follow my schedule strictly. I will avoid find excuses for putting them off. At same time, I will ask for my friends and parents to help me. By achieving this small targets, I have confident that I will overcome procrastination.

假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Peter邀请你下周去他们学校参加文化交流活动，并向外国朋友介绍中国的传统绘画。但你忙于准备国庆节演出，不得不谢绝。请根据下面要点用英语写一封信，内容包括：

1.谢绝邀请及理由；

2.推荐朋友李明参加，并说明原因。

注意：词数100左右； 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Peter,

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

The brain is a remarkable part.It's responsible for thoughts and feelings.Now a new study finds that going through tough times as a kid also can have an impact.The adult brains of people who lived through lots of stress before the age of six—and then became depressed or anxious as teenagers—were different compared with adults who had an easier childhood.It seems that teens changed the shape of their brains by internalizing (使内在化) the stresses experienced years earlier.

Researchers already knew that the shape and size of a child's brain can change in response to lots of stress.They also knew that adults were more likely to be depressed if，as kids，they'd lived in poverty.Some studies showed that these depressed adults had unusual changes in their brain shape.But no one had tested if the early stress and later brain changes were linked.

Scientists in England studied almost 500 boys from birth until the ages of 18 to 21.Sarah Jensen is one of the new study's authors.Almost all of the boys her team studied experienced some hard times as kids.And，she concludes，“This is not necessarily harmful.”To some extent，that's just life.What can be dangerous，she says，is when children experience too many forms of difficulties.Her team's new data suggest that the tougher the childhood，the stronger the impact on the brain might be.

What's happening in the world around us relates to how we feel.Her team linked more childhood stress to more depression.Still，she notes，it's possible that if you find support for anxiety or depression，you might be able to prevent the changes seen here.“If you can change the environment，you can change the course of things，”Sarah says.So，she recommends，if teens develop anxiety or depression，it's good to ask for psychological doctors to give advice.

1.When people had a hard childhood， ．

A. they will have a brave attitude to life

B. their way of thinking may be strange

C. they will be good at dealing with stress

D. the shape of their brain may be changed

2.What is the breakthrough of the new research?

A. The size of the brain can change.

B. The brain can be influenced by stress.

C. Poverty can affect the brain's shape in future.

D. Changes in brain are connected with earlier hardship.

3.It's a problem when children ．

A. had a lonely childhood

B. led a peaceful childhood

C. got different kinds of hardship

D. experienced limited hard times

4.For teenagers with anxiety，Sarah suggests .

A. they adapt to their life

B. they seek professional help

C. they talk to friends or relatives

D. they become confident and optimistic

Without proper planning，tourism can cause problems.For example，too many tourists can crowd public places that are also enjoyed by the inhabitants of a country.If tourists create too much traffic，the inhabitants become annoyed and unhappy.They began to dislike tourists and to treat them impolitely.They forget how much tourism can help the country's economy.It is important to think about the people of a destination country and how tourism affects them.Tourism should help a country keep the customs and beauty that attract tourists.Tourism should also advance the wealth and happiness of local inhabitants.

Too much tourism can be a problem.If tourism grows too quickly，people must leave other jobs to work in the tourism industry.This means that other parts of the country's economy can suffer.

On the other hand，if there is not enough tourism，people can lose jobs.Business can also lose money.It costs a great deal of money to build large hotels，airports，air terminals，first?class roads，and other support facilities needed by tourist attractions.For example，a major international class tourism hotel can cost as much as 50 thousand dollars per room to build.If this room is not used most of the time，the owner of the hotel lose money.

Building a hotel is just a beginning.There must be many support facilities as well，including roads to get to the hotel，electricity，sewers to handle waste，and water.All of these support facilities cost money.If they are not used because there are not enough tourists，jobs and money are lost.

1.Which of the following do you think has been discussed in the part before this selection?

A. It is extremely important to develop tourism.

B. Building roads and hotel is essential.

C. Support facilities are highly necessary.

D. Planning is of great importance to tourism.

2.Too much tourism can cause all these problems EXCEPT ．

A. a bad effect on other industries

B. a change of tourists' customs

C. over?crowdedness of places of interest

D. pressure on traffic

3.It can be inferred from the text that ．

A. the author doesn't like tourism developing so fast

B. local people will benefit from tourist attractions

C. other parts of a country's economy won't benefit from tourism much

D. we can't build too many support facilities

4.The author thinks it is good for local people to know that tourism will ．

A. waste a lot of money

B. weaken their economy

C. help establish their customs

D. help improve their life