【题目】In 1947 a group of famous people from the art world headed by an Austrian conductor decided to hold an intemational festival of music, dance and theatre in Edinburgh. The idea was to reunite Europe after the Second World War.

At the same time, the “Fringe” appeared as a challenge to the official festival. Eight theatre groups turned up uninvited in 1947,in the belief that everyone should have the right to perform, and they did so in a public house disused for years.

Soon, groups of students firstly from Edinburgh University, and later from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, Durham and Birmingham were making the journey to the Scottish capital each summer to perform theatre by little-known writers of plays in small church halls to the people of Edinburgh.

Today the “Fringe”, once less recognized, has far out grown the festival with around 1,500 performances of theatre, music and dance on every one of the 21 days it lasts. And yet as early as 1959, with only 19 theatre groups performing, some said it was getting too big.

A paid administrator was first employed only in 1971, and today there are eight administrators working all year round and the number rises to 150 during August itself. In 2004 there were 200 places housing 1,695 shows by over 600 different groups from 50 different countries. More than 1,25 million tickets were sold.

【1】Point was the purpose of Edinburgh Festival at he beginning?

A. To bring Europe together again.

B. To honor heroes of World War 11.

C. To introduce young theatre groups.

D. To attract great artists from Europe.

【2】Why did some uninvited theatre groups come to Edinburgh in 1947?

A. They owned a public house there.

B. They came to take up a challenge.

C. They thought they were also famous.

D. They wanted to take part in the festival.

【3】Who joined the "Fringe" after it appeared?

A. they owned a public house there

B. University students.

C. Artists from around the world.

D. Performers of music and dance.

【4】We may learn from the text that Edinburgh Festival________.

A. has become a non-official event

B. has gone beyond an art festival

C. gives shows all year round

D. keeps growing rapidly

【题目】Doctor are known to be terrible pilots. They don't listen because they already know it all. I was lucky: I became a pilot in 1970, almost ten years before I graduated from medical school. I didn't realize then, but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon. I loved flying. As I flew bigger, faster planes, and in worse weather. I learned about crew resource management (机组资源管理), or CRM, a new idea to make flying safer. It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result, regardless of positions.

I first read about CRM in 1980. Not long after that, an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather. The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready. The attending doctor was flying; I was safety pilot He was so busy because of the bad turn, he had forgotten to put the landing gear (起落架) down. He was a better pilot - and my boss - so it felt unusual to speak up. But I had to: Our lives were in danger. I put aside my uneasiness and said, "We need to put the landing gear down now!" That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM, and I've used it in the operating room ever since.

CRM requires that the pilot/ surgeon encourage others to speak up. It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesn't overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again. So when I'm in the operating room, I ask for ideas and help from others. Sometimes they're not willing to speak up. But I hope that if I continue to encourage them, someday someone will keep me from ”landing gear up”.

【1】What does the author say about doctors in general?

A. They like flying by themselves.

B. They are unwilling to take advice.

C. They pretend to be good pilots.

D. They are quick learners of CRM.

【2】The author deepened his understanding of the power of CRM when_______.

A. he saved the plane by speaking up

B. he was in charge of a flying task

C. his boss landed the plane too late

D. his boss operated on a patient

【3】 In the last paragraph”landing gear up” probably means ______.

A. following flying requirements.

B. overreacting to different opinions.

C. listening to what fellow doctors say

D. making a mistake that may cost lives

【4】Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A.CRM: A New Way to Make Flying Safe

B. Flying Makes Me a Better Doctor

C. The Making of a Good Pilot

D.A Pilot-Tumed Doctor

【题目】___________could be judged from her eyes that she was terribly sorry for what she ___________.

A. As;had had

B. That；did

C. As;did

D. It；had done

【题目】Many workers stayed up for the whole night,___________ to buy tickets to return home early before the Spring Festival.

A. hoped

B. hoping

C. to hope

D. being hoped

【题目】C

Ah, Thanksgiving--- truly my favorite holiday. A day off with family and friends and football and an exorbitant amount of food .It doesn’t get much more American than that. Let's look at some interesting Thanksgiving traditions to shed light on this delicious American tradition.

How it started

The story: In the early 1620s, as the first English settlers ( called Pilgrims) arrived in America searching for a life free of religious persecution , they experienced very difficult harvests- as the climate was quite different from that of England. They eventually established (temporarily) good relations with the local Native Americans, called the Wampanoag tribe. The Wampanoag leader Squanto, along with his tribe of friendly Native Americans, helped the English settlers learn how to farm and fish in the harsh and rocky climate of Massachusetts. In 1621, they celebrated the Harvest Festival together. And the Thanksgiving tradition was born! It became an official American holiday under Abraham Lincoln amidst the turmoil of the American Civil War in 1863.

What it means now

Now, after the American colonists destroyed native cultures and sequestered them onto reservations, the current American Thanksgiving has hardly anything to do with a celebration of cordial relations between peoples. Today, we try to forget America's guilty past and celebrate our family, friends, and good health on this day. Americans celebrate Thanksgiving much like Chinese people do the Spring Festival - with family members pouring in from all directions to get reunion and break bread. We play football, watch football, and eat a hell of a lot of turkey.

American Turkey

Founding Father Benjamin Franklin wanted the turkey to be the national bird of America. In a letter to his daughter, he wrote that the turkey, in comparison to the eagle, was " a far more respectable bird" and a true native of America .

Additionally, he thought that bald eagles had a " bad moral character".

Presidential Pardon

The American president pardons one turkey every year. Every year since I947, the National Turkey Federation presents one live turkey to the President, and in 1987, President Ronald Reagan jokingly pardoned the live turkey. This became an official tradition in 1989. Pardoned turkeys are sent off to live the rest of their short lives. Lucky turkeys!

Black Friday

This is the most despicable of Thanksgiving traditions. A caveat(提醒)---many Americans don't take part in this activity of burning money. The Friday after Thanksgiving is called " Black Friday" , and all across America, people go out to their local stores to buy discounted everything, in packages of 36. Every year, a few people die from trampling as the doors to the store open. Thankfully, with the rise of e-commerce sites such as Amazon, people are moving more to online shopping to take advantage of Black Friday deals.

【1】Which of the following is the most extremely unpleasant tradition of Thanksgiving?

A. American Turkey

B. Black Friday

C. Presidential Pardon

D. Thanksgiving decoration

【2】 Benjamin Franklin wanted the turkey to be the national bird of America because____.

A. turkey was much larger in comparison to the bald eagle

B. his daughter liked turkey more than the bald eagle

C. bald eagles were true natives of America

D. he thought highly of the bird

【3】The original meaning of Thanksgiving was____

A. to celebrate the friendly relations between the first English settlers and the local Native Americans

B. to praise the local Wampanoag tribe for their useful instructions

C. to encourage the new settlers to learn how to farm and fish in the new world

D. to apologize to the local Native Americans for the wrongs that the first English settlers had done

【4】 What's the author's purpose of writing this passage?

A. To warn people of the bad influence of Thanksgiving.

B. To make people aware of the potential danger of Black Friday.

C. To introduce some interesting Thanksgiving traditions to people.

D. To remind people not to forget the true meaning of Thanksgiving.

【题目】D

It’s the dieting fad that is sweeping the world , and encourages fasting for two days of the week . But does it work ?

People are starving themselves to lose weight , with a dieting trend known as the “fast diet” growing in popularity .

The method is also known as the 5:2 diet , and consists of eating normally for five days of a week and cutting calories to about 25 percent of normal intake during other two days . Men consume just 600 calories on the two fast days , while women are limited to 500 calories.

Notably, the two fasting days should not be hack-to-back. The dieter should have at least one normal eating day in between.

In the best-selling book The Fast Diet: Lose Weight, Stay Healthy, and Live Longer with the Simple Secret of Intermittent Fasting by Dr. Michael Mosley and Mimi Spencer, the two authors claim that the 5:2 diet not only promotes weight loss, but also benefits health, offering protection from disease, improved cognitive function and increased lifespan.

The diet originated in the United Kingdom and became popular in the United States. Now, it is gaining popularity among the Chinese middle class.

Zhong Minghui, who is 178cm tall and used to weigh 100 kilograms, finds fasting effective in weight control. He works in the sales department of' a trade company and used to drink and eat a lot after work. After sticking to the fasting diet for five months, he managed to lose about 20 kilograms.

" Actually I did not exactly rely on the 5 :2 diet to lose weight. My fasting was more extreme. I almost completely cut off my supper every day and only ate some fruit. I also used an app to calculate the calories in the food I eat and was cautious of not eating any high-calorie food. I did about an hour's aerobic exercise every day. Fasting is definitely effective, but I think sports also help ,” he says.

"I do not really believe that fasting is the magical cure-all, but my high blood sugar has improved," he adds.

The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics says that although there is evidence that intermittent fasting diets may help prevent chronic disease, more research is needed.

Han Ting, a clinic nutritionist of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, says that people who suffer diabetes or eating disorders, pregnant women, kids, teens and frail seniors should not try fasting. She recommends a regular low-calorie diet, which is safer and less risky for health.

When on a fasting diet, on the weekly fasting days, Han recommends low-fat, low-sugar, low-protein food, such as vegetables, yogurt, non-fat milk, shellfish and fruit with high dietary fiber.

【1】According to the passage the practice of 5 :2 diet first begins in _________.

A. China B. the United States

C. the United Kingdom D. the United Union

【2】What should be paid attention to when one goes on the 5:2 diet?

A. The two fasting days should be arranged one after another.

B. The two fasting days should not be arranged continuously.

C. You should consume as many calories as possible during the five normally eating days.

D. Women must take in more calories than men during the two fasting days.

【3】 According to the passage, Zhong Minghui _________.

A. managed to lose about 20 kilograms by taking exercises

B. thought little of the 5:2 diet

C. owed his high blood sugar to the fasting diet

D. found it effective to lose weight via fast diet

【4】 What does the underlined word "intermittent" mean ?

A. Happening occasionally.

B. Motivating continuously

C. Increasing dramatically.

D. Changing sharply.

【题目】—The new TV play Zhao Wei stars in is being shooting and will soon __________.

—Really? It must be romantic.

A. turn out

B. come out

C. start out

D. go out

【题目】Given that many people's moods (情绪)are regulated by the chemical action of chocolate, it was probably only a matter of time before somebody made the chocolate shop similar to a drug store of Chinese medicine. Looking like a setting from the film Charlie&the Chocolate Factory, Singapore's Chocolate Research Facility (CRF) has over 100 varieties of chocolates. Its founder is Chris Lee who grew up at his parents' comer store with one hand almost always in the jar of sweets.

If the CRF seems to be a smart idea, that's because Lee is not merely a seasoned salesperson but also head of a marketing department that has business relations with big names such as Levi's and Sony. That idea surely results in the imagination at work when it comes to making different flavored(味道)chocolates.

The CRF's produce is "green" made within the country and divided into 10 lines, with the Alcohol Series being the most popular. The Exotic Series一with Sichuan pepper, red bean (豆),cheese and other flavors一also does well and is fun to taste. And for chocolate snobs，who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others, the Connoisseur Series uses cocoa beans from Togo, Cuba, Venezuela , and Ghana, among others.

【1】What is good about chocolate?

A. It serves as a suitable gift.

B. It works as an effective medicine.

C. It helps improve the state of mind.

D. It strengthens business relations.

【2】Why is Chris Lee able to develop his idea of the CRF?

A. He knows the importance of research.

B. He learns form shops of similar types.

C. He has the support of many big names

D. He has a lot of marketing experience.

【题目】阅读下面的短文，并用英语回答问题，请注意问题后的词数要求。

Why do young adult children become independent so much later than they did in 1970, when the average age of independent living was 21? Why have reduced class sizes and increased per－pupil expenditures(花销) not resulted in higher academic achievement levels? Why is the mental health of today's kids so poor when compared with that of children in the 1960s and before? Why do today's parents become defensive when told by teachers that their children have misbehaved in school?

The best answer is that parents play a different role in children’s growth, which also summarize the differences between “old” child raising and new, post－1960s parenting. Then, the overall philosophy was that parents were not to be highly involved with their kids. They were available in case of crisis, but they stood a (an) safe distance from their kids and allowed them to experience the benefits of the trial－and－error process. It was the child's job, back then, to keep his or her parents from getting involved. That was how children learned to be responsible and determined.

Today's parents help their kids with almost everything. These are parents who are confused when it comes to an understanding of their purpose in their kids' lives. Their involvement leads them to personalize everything that happens to their kids; thus the defensiveness. But given that schools and mental health professionals have been pushing parental involvement for nearly four decades, the confusion and defensiveness are understandable.

University researchers analyzed three decades of data relating to parental participation in children's academics. Their conclusions confirmed what I've been saying since the 1980s: parental help with homework lowers a child's academic achievements and is not reflected on standardized tests.

Parents who manage a child's social life interfere with the development of good social skills. Parents who manage a child's after－school activities grow kids who don't know how to fill their own free time. Parents who get involved in their kids’ conflicts with peers grow kids who don't know how to avoid much less trouble.

These kids have anxieties and fears of all sorts and don't want to leave their home. And their parents, when the time comes, don't know how to stop being parents. You can imagine what will become of their future.

【1】What accounts for the differences between parents of different period? (no more than 5 words)

【2】What qualities could children gain in the form of “old” child raising? (no more than 4 words)

【3】What usually do today’s parents do in the process of their children’s growth? (no more than 7 words)

【4】How does the author evaluate parental participation in children’s academics? (no more than 5 words)

【5】In what way do parents interfere with a child’s social life? (no more than 6 words)

【题目】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

下列短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）,并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用划线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：

1、每句不超过两个错误；

2、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

3、只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

When traveling to Paris on a bus, I became very sick. Fortunately, a well-dressing man on the bus helped me great. He took me off the bus, found out where the doctor’s office and took me there himself. The next day, he came to visit me. Because of I didn’t speak French well, I couldn’t talk with him very much. However, even we couldn’t talk, we could communicate. I communicated myself thanks to his great kindness, and he communicated his concern for my healthy. Through this experience I have learned what communication can take place without much actual language at all.