【题目】Make Up Your Mind to Succeed

Kind-hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure. The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because “everyone’s winner.” And their report cards sounded more positive (正面的) than ever before. As a result, Stanford University professor Carol Dweck, PhD, calls them “the overpraised generation.”

Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years. Her research has led her to find out two clearly different mind-sets that have a great effect on how we react to it. Here’s how they work:

A fixed mind-set is grounded in the belief that talent (才能) is genetic – you’re a born artist, point guard, or numbers person. The fixed mind-set believes it’s sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame. When things get difficult, it’s quick to blame, lie, and even stay away from future difficulties.

On the other hand, a growth mind-set believes that no talent is entirely heaven-sent and that effort and learning make everything possible. Because the ego (自尊) isn’t on the line as much, the growth mind-set sees failure as a chance rather than shame. When faced with a difficulty, it’s quick to rethink, change and try again. In fact, it enjoys this experience.

We are all born with growth mind-sets. (Otherwise, we wouldn’t be able to live in the world.) But parents, teachers, and instructors often push us into fixed mind-sets by encouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise. Dweck’s book, Mind-set: The New Psychology of Success, and online instructional program explain this in depth. But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children, grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure.

【1】What does the author think about the present generation?

A. They don’t do well at school.

B. They are often misunderstood.

C. They are eager to win in sports.

D. They are given too much praise.

【2】A fixed mind-set person is probably one who ___ .

A. doesn’t want to work hard

B. cares a lot about personal safety

C. cannot share his ideas with others

D. can succeed with the help of teachers

【3】What does the growth mind-set believe?

A. Admitting failure is shameful.

B. Talent comes with one’s birth.

C. Scores should be highly valued.

D. Getting over difficulties is enjoyable.

【4】What should parents do for their children based on Dweck’s study?

A. Encourage them to learn from failures.

B. Prevent them from making mistakes.

C. Guide them in doing little things.

D. Help them grow with praise.

【题目】The idea of being able to walk on water has long interested humans greatly. Sadly, biological facts prevent us ever accomplishing such a thing without artificial aid---we simply weigh too much, and all our mass pushes down through our relatively small feet, resulting in a lot of pressure that makes us sink.

However, several types of animals can walk on water. One of the most interesting is the common basilisk Basilicus basilicus, a lizard (蜥蜴)native to Central and South America. It can run across water for a distance of several meters, avoiding getting wet by rapidly hitting the water’s surface with its feet. The lizard will take as many as 20 steps per second to keep moving forward. For humans to do this, we，d need huge feet that we could bring up to our ears in order to create adequate w hitting. ’’

But fortunately there is an alternative: cornflour. By adding enough of this common thickening agent to water (and it does take a lot), you can create a “non-Newtonian” liquid that doesn’t behave like normal water. Now, if the surface of the water is hit hard enough, particles(粒子）in the water group together for a moment to make the surface hard. Move quickly enough and put enough force into each step, and you really can walk across the surface of an adequately thick Liquid of cornflour.

Fun though all this may sound, it’s still rather messy and better read about in theory than carried out in practice. If you must do it, then keep the water wings handy in case you start to sink--and take a shower afterward!

【1】Walking on water hasn’t become a reality mainly because humans______.

A. are not interested in it

B. have biological limitations

C. have not invented proper tools

D. are afraid to make an attempt

【2】What do we know about Basilicus basilicus from the passage?

A. It is light enough to walk on water.

B. Its huge feet enable it to stay above water.

C. It can run across water at a certain speed.

D. Its unique skin keeps it from getting wet in water.

【3】What is the function of the cornflour according to the passage?

A. To create a thick liquid.

B. To turn the water into solid.

C. To help the liquid behave normally.

D. To enable the water to move rapidly.

【4】What is the author’s attitude toward the idea of humans’ walking on water?

A. It is risky but beneficial.

B. It is interesting and worth trying.

C. It is crazy and cannot become a reality.

D. It is impractical though theoretically possible.

【题目】Most drinks stating that they are fruitflavored (水果味道的) contain no fruit at all, while most of the rest contain only a small quantity of fruit, according to a study carried by the British Food Commission.

“Shoppers need to check the labels (标签) before buying drinks, though sometimes the actual content can be nonexistent，” said Food Commission spokesperson Ian Tokelove. “Food production is highly competitive. __【1】__ It will increase profits, and consumers won't always realize they are being tricked.”

Flavorings are focused on the flavors of natural food products such as fruits, meats and vegetables, or creating flavor for food products that do not have the desired flavors. Researchers analyzed the contents of 28 strawberryflavored products sold in stores. __【2】__ Of the 11 products that did contain strawberries, five of them contained less than one percent real fruit. In addition, each juice box contained nearly eight teaspoons of sugar.

__【3】__ Let's take jam as an example. Some strawberryflavored jam was labeled as containing no artificial colors, flavors, or sweeteners, but it contained absolutely no strawberries at all.

__【4】__ Consumers have the rights to know clearly about what they have bought. Under current UK law, food packages do not have to distinguish between natural and artificial flavoring. “Describing a product as strawberry flavor and covering the surface of the packet with pictures of strawberries is misleading. __【5】__ Unfortunately, it is also legal and widespread,” Tokelove said. “It's time to take measures to protect the consumers' rights.”

A. The products which contain real fruit are popular with people.

B. Even products advertised as more natural often contained no fruit.

C. They found that about 60 percent of them didn't contain any fruit at all.

D. If companies can cut their costs by using flavoring, they are likely to do so.

E. It is important and necessary to demand a small amount of flavoring in the products.

F. Actually the product contains just a tiny percentage of strawberry or even no fruit at all.

G. The Food Commission suggested all flavors used in a product should be listed on the packaging.

【题目】Heart disease is the most common cause of death in the United States. Over a million people each year will have a heart attack and 25% will die before they get to the hospital or in the Emergency Department.【1】Prevention is the best way so it does not damage your heart and limit your ability to enjoy life. Simple ways might help reduce your risk:

Don’t smoke

This means that you should stop smoking as soon as possible if you already smoke, and if you live with a smoker , you should put limits on the smoker.【2】

Get moving

【3】Find a form of exercise you enjoy enough to want to do it regularly and stick to it. If you have health issues that limit exercise, see your doctor for suggestions and make sure you begin with a program that will not be too challenging for you to keep with it.

【4】

Make sure you follow a heart prevention diet, even if you don’t have any symptoms (症状) of heart disease.【5】You should eat a high-fiber, low-fat diet rich in fruits, vegetables and whole grains. Meats should be lean (瘦的)，and fats should be limited to heart healthy fats such as olive oil. Sugars and processed foods should be limited, and fruits and vegetables should make up a large part of your daily meals.

A. Eat healthy foods

B. Manage your weight

C. A heart attack is a very frightening event.

D. The key is to prevent the disease before it starts

E. It’s best if you can get in 30 minutes a day of exercise.

F. If you feel any of these heart attack symptoms, do not ignore.

G. If you haven’t started smoking, be sure never to start this habit.

【题目】阅读下列短文 ，从每题所给的四个选项 （A 、B 、C 和 D ）中 ，选出最佳选项。

Whatsonstage.com is the UK’s biggest and best online guide to the performing arts including theatre, opera, classical music, dance and so on.

◆ The Lion King

Musical: The stage adaptation of the Disney film taken from an original African story. A young lion grows up and learns that taking over the pride requires wisdom and maturity(成熟).

Place: Lyceum Theatre, Wellington Street, London

Telephone: 0870 243 9000

Date: Friday, 18 Nov. 2015

Ticket price: ￡37.5

◆ Oliver

Musical: Dickens’ story of a boy in a London workhouse and his adventures on the way to discovering his family. The songs include Food glorious food, You’ve got to pick a pocket or two, Who will buy this wonderful morning, I am reviewing the situation and Consider yourself at home.

Place: Theatre Royal, Catherine Street, London

Telephone: 020 7494 5061

Date: Thursday, 17 Nov. 2015

Ticket price: ￡25,but now save 20%

◆ Jersey Boys

Musical: It tells the story of Frankie Valli and the Four seasons: the blue-collar kids from New Jersey formed a singing group and became famous. The musical features many of the group’s popular songs such as Big girls don’t cry, Oh, what a night and Can’t take my eyes off you.

Place: Prince Edward Theatre, Old Compton Street, London

Telephone: 0870 850 9191 ---

Date: Saturday, 19 Nov. 2015

Ticket price: ￡22.5

◆ Alls Well That Ends Well

Play: A romantic story. Helena, daughter of a poor physician, loves Bertram, son of a Countess(女伯爵).

Place: Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre, Park Street, Lonon

Telephone: 020 7401 9919

Date: Sunday, 20 Nov, 2015

Ticket price: ￡40.5

【1】If Mary is available on Friday, which of the following should she call to buy a ticket?

A. 0870 850 9191 B. 020 7494 5061

C. 0870 243 9000 D. 020 7401 9919

【2】If you want to buy a ticket at a discount, you should go to _____.

A. Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre

B. Lyceum Theatre

C. Prince Edward Theatre

D. Theatre Royal

【3】What is the main purpose of the text?

A. To show the importance of Whatsonstage.com

B. To give some information about the performing arts.

C. To introduce some famous English theatres.

D. To teach readers how to use the online guide.

【题目】阅读下列短文 ，从每题所给的四个选项 （A 、B 、C 和 D ）中 ，选出最佳选项。

Last year my summer holiday was ruined by my bringing along a modern convenience that was too convenient for my own good: the iPad. Instead of looking at nature, I checked my e-mail. Instead of paddling a small boat, I followed my Twitter feed（推特简讯）. Instead of reading great novels, I stuck to reading four newspapers each morning. I was behaving as if I were still in the office. My body was on vacation, but my head wasn’t.

So this year I made up my mind to try something different: avoiding the Internet. I knew it wouldn’t be easy, since I’m bad at self-control. But I was determined. I started by giving the iPad to my wife.

The cellphone signal at our house was worse than in the past, making my attempts at cheating an experience in defeat. I was trapped, forced to go through with my plan. Largely breaking away from e-mail, Twitter and my favorite newspaper websites, I had few ways to connect to the world except for the radio—and how much radio can one listen to, really? I had to do what I had planned to do all along: read books.

This experience has had a happy ending. With determination and the strong support of my wife, I won in my vacation struggle against the Internet, realizing finally that it was I, not the iPad, that was the problem. I knew I had won when we passed a Starbucks and my wife asked if I wanted to stop to use the Wi-Fi. “I don’t need it,” I said.

However, as we return to post-vacation life, a harder test begins: Can I continue when I’m back at work?

There are times when the need to know what’s being said right now is great. I have nointention of giving up my convenience completely. But I hope to resist the temptation to check my e-mail every five minutes, which leads to checking my Twitter feed and a website or two.

I think a vacation is supposed to help you rest your brain to become more productive. Here I hope this one worked.

【1】What do we know about the author’s last summer vacation?

A. He was determined to enjoy the beautiful view.

B. His iPad ruined his plan of finishing a great novel.

C. He hated himself for acting as if he were working on vacation.

D. He felt satisfied that he had stuck to his usual timetable.

【2】What did the author do to keep away from the Internet this year?

A. He cut off his cellphone signal.

B. He handed his iPad to his wife.

C. He refused to cheat in his house.

D. He listened to the radio most of the time.

【3】When back at work, the author will probably choose to ________.

A. keep control of when and how to use the Internet

B. continue to read more and more books

C. stay away from the Internet for ever

D. stop checking what is being said right now completely

【4】What is the author’s opinion of a great vacation in the passage?

A. A vacation is having nothing to do but read all day.

B. A vacation proves that a life of pleasure is overvalued.

C. A vacation is a period of time to do whatever one wishes to.

D. A vacation means a change of pace to make one more creative

【题目】A schoolgirl saved her father's life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic (过敏的) reaction which stopped his heart.

Izzy, nine, restarted father Colm's heart by stamping (踩) on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing.

Izzy's mother, Debbie, immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father, so decided to use CPR.

However, she quickly discovered her arms weren't strong enough, so she stamped on her father's chest .

Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest compressions (按压) until the ambulance arrived .

Izzy, who has been given a bravery award by her school, said: "I just kicked him really hard. My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasn't strong enough to use hands. I was quite scared. The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse. My mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his chest.

"She's a little star," said Debbie, "I was really upset but Izzy just took over. I just can't believe what she did. I really think all children should be taught first aid. Izzy did CPR then the doctor turned up. Colm had to have more treatment on the way to the hospital and we've got to see an expert."

Truck driver Colm, 35, suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday and was taken to hospital, but was sent home only for it to happen again the next day. The second attack was so serious that his airway swelled, preventing him from breathing, his blood pressure dropped suddenly, and his heart stopped for a moment.

He has now made a full recovery from his suffering.

【1】Izzy kicked her father in the chest ______ .

A. to express her helplessness B. to practise CPR on him

C. to keep him awake D. to restart his heart

【2】What's the right order of the events?

a. Izzy kicked Colm.

b. Debbie called 999.

c. Izzy learned CPR.

d. Symptoms of Colm's allergic reaction.

A. cabd B. dbca C. cdba D. dcab

【3】What does Paragraph 8 mainly talk about?

A. What Colm suffered.

B. Colm's present condition.

C. What caused Colm's allergy.

D. Symptoms of Colm's allergic reaction.

【题目】阅读下列短文 ，从每题所给的四个选项 （A 、B 、C 和 D ）中 ，选出最佳选项。

Scientific experiments can sometimes go wrong and when they do the results may range from the disastrous to the troubling. One such experiment took place in South America about fifty years ago. Whether its final consequences will cause serious damage or nothing more than a small trouble still remains to be seen.

The story began in 1956 when an American scientist working in Brazil decided to solve the problem of increasing the productivity of that country's bees. He imported a very active type of African bee from Tanzania and mated (交配) it with the more easy-going native variety to produce a new kind of bees. The new bees worked harder and produced twice as much honey. It seemed that Professor Kerr, for that was the scientist's name, had a total success on his hands.

Then things began to go wrong. For some reason as yet unseen, but perhaps as a result of something in their environment, the new bees began to develop extremely attacking personalities. They became bad-tempered and easy to be angry, attacked the native bees and drove them from their living places.

But worse was to follow. Having taken over the countryside, the new bees, with their dangerous stings (叮) , began to attack its neighbors -- cats, dogs, horses, chickens and finally man himself. A long period of terror began that has so far killed a great number of animals and about 150 human beings.

This would have been bad enough if the bees had stayed in Brazil. But now they are on the move, heading northwards in countless millions towards Central and North America, and moving at the alarming speed of 200 miles a year. The countries that lie in their path are naturally worried because it looks as if nothing can be done to stop them.

【1】The results of the South American experiment .

A. have caused a serious trouble

B. have proved to be wrong

C. are highly thought of

D. are not yet certain

【2】The experiment mentioned in this passage was designed to .

A. increase the amount of honey in Brazil

B. make Brazilian bees more easy-going

C. increase the number of bees in Brazil

D. make African bees less active

【3】Which of the following may be the cause of the new bees' attacking personalities?

A. Their production of honey. B. Their hard work.

C. Their living environment. D. Their bad temper.

【4】The last paragraph implies that .

A. the bees have been driven to Central and North America

B. the bees may bring about trouble in more countries

C. the bees must be stopped from moving north

D. the bees prefer to live in Brazil

【题目】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

As a single mom, it is often hard for me to provide those little “extras” my children seem to want. About four weeks ago, my 11-year-old son came home from school and 【1】 (excite) said that the musical instrument he had made from 【2】 (recycle ) products was chosen to be sent to the NYS Green Nation Recycling Competition in Albany. There was a note 【3】 his teacher informing that my son 【4】 (invite) to attend the competition but the parents were expected to pay for their children. My son was excited, 【5】 I felt helpless. I didn’t have that kind of money. 【6】 was going to cost $300! Well, my son 【7】 (immediate) began to do part time jobs so he could earn some money for the trip, and I began to work as much as I could 【8】 (put) a little extra in as well. We prayed every night that somehow we would raise the money for him to attend the competition. At last, we go【9】telephone call from the Deputy Sheriff’s Association in our area, and much to our 【10】 (amaze), this wonderful group of men and women would come together to sponsor my son, so he could attend this event! My son is truly blessed.

【题目】Metro Pocket Guide

Metrorail(地铁)

Each passenger needs a farecard to enter and go out. Up to two children under age five may travel free with a paying customer.

Farecard machines are in every station. Bring small bills because there are no change machines in the stations and farecard machines only provide up to $5 in change.

Get one day of unlimited Metrorail rides with a One Day Pass. Buy it from a farecard machine in Metro stations. Use it after 9：30 am until closing on weekdays, and all day on weekends and holidays.

Hours_of_service

Open: 5 am Mon.—Fri. 　　 　7 am Sat.—Sun.

Close: midnight Sun.—Thur. 　 3 am Fri.—Sat. nights

Last train times vary. To avoid missing the last train, please check the last train times posted in stations.

Metrobus

When paying with exact change, the fare is $1.35. When paying with a SmarTrip card, the fare is $1.25.

Fares_for_senior/disabled_customers

Senior citizens 65 and older and disabled customers may ride for half the regular fare. On Metrorail and Metrobus, use a senior/disabled farecard or SmarTrip card. For more information about buying senior/disabled farecards, SmarTrip cards and passes, please visit MetroOpensDoors.com or call 2026377000 and 2026378000.

Senior citizens and disabled customers can get free guide on how to use proper Metrobus and Metrorail services by calling 2029621100.

Travel_tips(提示)

Avoid riding during weekday rush periods—before 9：30 am and between 4 and 6 pm.

If you lose something on a bus or train or in a station, please call Lost & Found at 2029621195.

【1】What should you know about farecard machines?

A. They start selling tickets at 9：30 am.

B. They are connected to change machines.

C. They offer special service to the elderly.

D. They make change for no more than $5.

【2】At what time does Metrorail stop service on Saturday?

A. At midnight. B. At 3 am.

C. At 5 am. D. At 7 pm.

【3】What is good about a SmarTrip card?

A. It is convenient for old people.

B. It saves money for its users.

C. It can be bought at any time.

D. It is sold on the Internet.