“We’ve put so much emphasis on diet and exercise that we’ve failed to recognize the value of good sleep，”said Fred Turek，a physician at Northwestern University.

Monday’s study from Eastern Virgnia Medical School in Norfolk covered 1,000 people and found that total sleep time decreased as body mass index－a measure of weight based on height increased.

“Men slept an average of 27 minutes less than women and overweight and fat patients slept less than patients with normal weights，”it said.In general the fatter subjects slept about 1.8 hours a week less than those with normal weights.

“Americans experience insufficient sleep and fat bodies.Clinicians are aware of the burden of fatness on patients，”the study said.

“Our findings suggest that major extensions of sleep time may not be necessary，as an extra 20 minutes of sleep per night seems to be associated with a lower body mass index，”it added.

“We caution that this study does not set up a causeandeffect relationship between restricted sleep and fatness，but investigations indicating success in weight loss via extensions of sleep would help greatly to set up such a relationship.”

The study was published in the Archives of Internal Medicine along with an editorial by Turek and Northwestern colleague Joseph Bass commenting on it and related research.

Inan interview，Turek said some studies have shown the lack of sleep causes declines in an appetiteholding back protein hormone，and increases in another hormone that cause a longing for food.“In addition neuropathies(神经疗法)in the brain governing sleep and fatness appear to overlap(部分重叠)，”he said.

“Fatness has been rising dramatically in developed countries and reached epidemic(流行病)levels in the United States，”it added，“leading to a variety of health problems.”

要求：1.不要逐字翻译所给素材；

2．为了使行文流畅，可适当发挥；

3．词数120左右。

Is it Wise to Celebrate the Lantern Festival with Fireworks?

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姓名:Mark Twain

出生日期：1835年11月30日

职业：作家

生平：出生于美国乡村。11岁时父亲去世。年轻时做过工人、记者等。一生中出版过许多小说。1910年4月21日因病逝世。

性格特征：聪明，幽默。

参考词汇：出版publish幽默的humorous

注意：

1.词数100左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。

Dear editor.

I’d like to introduce a great man to you.

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Yours faithfully,

Li Hua

Two 【2】 (woman) worked inside. They 【3】 (ring) up sales and put the items into plastic bags for the customers to carry out. At the back of the shop was a big room 【4】 another lady worked She sorted the new donations (捐赠物). 【5】 the end of each day, she would bring the new donations out to the main part of the shop.

Everyone who worked at the shop was 【6】 volunteer (志愿者). The only payment they received was that they had the chance 【7】 (see) and buy any items in the shop before the customers did.

When Jim entered, a lady said hello to 【8】 (he). He smiled and said hello, too. She knew Jim because he was a regular customer. Jim said, “What’s new?” She said that nothing was ever new at the shop, “It’s always old 【9】 used,” she laughed 【10】 (happy). Jim looked at the watches in the glass case. He saw one that he liked “Could I look at that one?” he asked.

Grandma Moses is among the most famous twentieth-century painters of the United States，yet she did not start painting until she was in her late seventies．As she once said to herself：" I would never sit back in a rocking chair，waiting for someone to help me．" No one could have had a more productive old age．

She was born Anna Mary Robertson on a farm in New York State，one of five boys and five girls．At twelve she left home and was in domestic service until，at twenty-seven，she married Thomas Moses，the hired hand of one of her employers．They farmed most of their lives，first in Virginia and then in New York State，at Eagle Bridge．She had ten children，of whom five survived；her husband died in 1927．

Grandma Moses painted a little as a child and made embroidery pictures as a hobby，but only changed to oils in old age because her hands had become too stiff to sew and she wanted to keep busy and pass the time．Her pictures were first sold at the local drugstore and at a market and were soon noticed by a businessman who bought everything she painted．Three of the pictures exhibited in the Museum of Modern Art，and in 1940 she had her first exhibition in New York．Between the 1930's and her death，she produced some 2，000 pictures：detailed and lively portrayals of the country life she had known for so long，with a wonderful sense of color and form．"I think really hard till I think of something really pretty，and then I paint it" she said．

【1】According to the passage，Grandma Moses began to paint because she wanted to________．

A．make herself beautiful B．keep active

C．earn more money D．become famous

【2】Grandma Moses spent most of her life________．

A．nursing B．painting

C．embroidering D．farming

【3】The underlined word “portrayals ”means________．

A．descriptions B．expressions

C．explanations D．impressions

【4】From Grandma Moses' description of herself in the first paragraph，it can be inferred that she was________．

A．independent B．pretty

C．rich D．nervous

【5】Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？

A．Grandma Moses：Her Life and Pictures．

B．The Children of Grandma Moses．

C．Grandma Moses：Her Best Exhibition．

D．Grandma Moses and Other Older Artists．

Many cities are recognized across the world by their unofficial titles.New York is the Big Apple，London is the Big Smoke，and Los Angeles is famously called La La Land.

Now Britain's National Mapping Agency(规划局)，Ordnance Survey，and the British Linguistics (语言学)Charity，the English Project，are launching an interactive project to uncover the nicknames people use for local places.

The project，which was launched last week to coincide with English Language Day，is called Location Lingo.It aims to identify the names people use every day，whether it's a term of endearment(昵称) or a hate name.

The University of Winchester's Professor Bill Lucas is a leader of the English Project.He explains that unofficial place names often show what people think about a place.“The name that people conjure_up or create for a place forms an emotional connection，”he says.“So Basingstoke becomes Amazingstoke，Swindon is known as Swindump.Padstow，hometown of chef Rick Stein，is nicknamed Padstein.”

Basingstoke is a town in central England.The local nickname，Amazingstoke，shows the love that locals seem to have for the area.Swindon，on the other hand，is sometimes called Swindump，showing that local people think it's a big dump.Stanford Le Hope in Essex is called Stanford No Hope by locals.And Padstow in Cornwall is so closely associated with the local celebrity Rick Stein that it's become known as Padstein.

Since launching the online database (数据库) last week，the creators have already received 3,000 alternative titles for places and landmarks.

Some also say that the project could even have a practical use.Glen Hart，Ordnance Survey's head of research，says the information could be very helpful to the emergency services，for example.“By having the most complete set of nicknames，we could help the emergency services quickly locate the right place，and maybe even save lives，”he says.

【1】The Big Smoke refers to________.

A. NewYork B. London

C. Paris D. Los Angeles

【2】The project Location Lingo was launched________.

A. On Christmas B. On Easter

C. On English Language Day D. On Thanksgiving Day

【3】The underlined phrase“conjure up”is closest in meaning to“________”．

A. make up B. break up

C. join up D. pick up

【4】In the eyes of many people，Swindon is________.

A. beautiful B. clean

C. dirty D. attractive

【5】What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A. The project is meant to save lives.

B. The project is well received.

C. The project can be of practical use.

D. The project is of great value.

A. the harder；the less B. the harder；the more

C. the more hard；the less D. the more hard；the more

About 21，000 young people in 17 American states do not attend classes in school buildings．

Instead，they receive their elementary and high school education by working at home on computers．The Center for Education Reform says the United States has 67 public “cyberschools．” and that is about twice as many as two years ago．

The money for students to attend a cyberschool comes from the governments of the states where they live．Some educators say cyberschools receive money that should support traditional public schools．They also say it is difficult to know if students are learning well．

Other educators praise this new form of education for letting students work at their own speed．These people say cyberschools help students who were unhappy or unsuccessful in traditional schools．They say learning at home by computer ends long bus rides for children who live far from school．

Whatever the judgement of cyberschools，they are getting more and more popular．For example，a new cyberschool called Commonwealth Connections Academy will take in students this fall．It will serve children in the state of Pennsylvania from ages five through thirteen．

Children get free equipment for their online education．This includes a computer，a printer，books and technical services．Parents and students talk with teachers by telephone or by sending emails through their computers when necessary．

Students at cyberschools usually do not know one another．But 56 such students who finished studies at Western Pennsylvania Cyber Charter School recently met for the first time．They were guests of honor at their graduation．

【1】What do we know from the text about students of a cyberschool？

A．They have to take long bus rides to school．

B．They study at home rather than in classrooms．

C．They receive money from traditional public schools．

D．They do well in traditional school programs．

【2】What is a problem with cyberschools？

A．Their equipment costs a lot of money．

B．They get little support from the state government．

C．It is hard to know students' progress in learning．

D．The students find it hard to make friends．

【3】Cyberschools are getting popular became _______．

A．they are less expensive for students

B．their students can work at their own speed

C．their graduates are more successful in society

D．they serve students in a wider age range

【4】We can infer that the author of the text is _______．

A．unprejudiced in his description of cyberschools

B．excited about the future of cyberschools

C．doubtful about the quality of cyberschoois

D．disappointed at the development of cyberschools

The number of rings tells you how old the tree is.Each year，new wood is formed on the outside of the tree.This new wood is light in color when the tree is growing in spring and summer，and dark in winter when the tree is not growing much.So，if you count the rings of darkorlight colored wood，you can often find out how old the tree is.

You can also tell which years have been good years and which years have been bad years.When the lightcolored rings are very wide，it means that the tree has been growing quickly that year.If the rings are narrow，it has been growing slowly.If the rings on a tree trunk were greatly magnified，you would be able to see why the rings are lightcolored when the tree is growing quickly and darkcolored when the tree is growing slowly.The tree trunk is made up of microscopic tubes，like some pipes，carrying water from the soil，through the trunk，and up to the leaves.They are wide and thinwalled when the tree is growing quickly and they are carrying a lot of water.They are narrow and stuck together when the tree is not growing so quickly.

When a tree is old，the tubes in the centre of the tree don't carry water.The walls of the tubes have become thick with materials which have stuck along them over the years，forming a kind of wood called“heartwood”．This kind of wood is darker in color than the young，growing wood on the outside of the tree.

You don't very often see whole tree trunks which have been cut across.But once you learn to read a cross section of the wood，you can see much more in wood which has been used to make boxes，houses and other things.

In most wood，instead of seeing the trunk cut across，you are seeing it cut along its length.Because you don't see the whole tree，you can't tell how old it is.

Title：【1】of a Tree

The press center for the celebration of the 60th founding anniversary of new China was officially opened on the morning of September 22. Zha Shouchen，deputy director of the press center introduced that，during the National Day，there would be 3,200 domestic reporters，and more than 1,300 foreign journalists to come to Beijing to make the covering work.

The press center provided many services for domestic and foreign reporters，such as issuing the press cards to reporters，accepting the interview application，organizing press conferences and activities of group interviews，providing the means of communication and information services for reporters.And the following was the scene.

A grand parade in Beijing on Oct.1，led by the People's Liberation Army and the People's Armed Police Force，showed some of China's latest achievements in defense modernization.About 8,000 military officers，along with tanks and other vehicles，formed a straight line stretching 3 kms.

The military parade was followed by a civilian parade featuring six massive performing groups and 36 formations of about 100,000 people.In addition,60 floats(彩车)represented everything from the country's geographic areas to the previous year's Beijing Olympics.

Everyday life in China is a parade on a grand scale，with citizens now being able to enjoy things their ancestors did not dare to contemplate 100 years ago，things their grandparents took for luxury 60 years ago，and things their parents did not even know how to attempt 30 years ago.

【1】Of the following achievements，which one is NOT listed in Paragraph 1?

A. Politics. B. Economy.

C. Education. D. Society.

【2】Which of the following led the parade according to Paragraph 4?

A. The People's Liberation Army.

B. The People's Liberation Army and the People's Armed Police Force.

C. The People's Police Force and the People's Army.

D. The People's Armed Police Force.

【3】Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the text?

A. The civilian parade is after the military parade.

B. There are 60 floats representing everything from the country's geographic areas.

C. Everyday life in China is a parade on a grand scale.

D. The parade on Oct.1 showed some of China's latest achievements in automotive modernization，such as tanks and other vehicles.

【4】What's the subject discussed in the text?

A. The celebration of 60th anniversary of the founding of New China.

B. The grand parade in the ceremony.

C. The defense modernization in China.

D. The economic development during recent years.