【题目】根据短文理解，选择正确答案。
When I was eight or nine years old, I wrote my first poem.
My mother read the little poem and began to cry. “Buddy, you didn't really write this beautiful, beautiful poem!” Shyly, I said that I had. My mother poured out her welcome praise. Why, this poem was nothing short of genius!
What time will Father be home?” I asked. I could hardly wait to show him what I had accomplished. My mother said she hoped he would be home around 7. I spent the best part of that afternoon preparing for his arrival. First, I wrote the poem out in my finest handwriting. Then I used colored pens to draw a border around it. Then I confidently placed it right on my father's plate on the dining table. But my father did not return at 7, Seven-fifteen, Seven-thirty. My father had begun his motion-picture career as a writer. He would be able to appreciate my poem even more than my mother.
It was almost 8 o'clock when my father burst in. He was an hour late, but he could not sit down. I can see him now, a big Havana cigar in one hand, the rapidly disappearing drink in the other, calling down bitter words on his employees.
Suddenly, he paused and glared at his plate. There was a silence. He was reaching for my poem. I lowered my head and stared down into my plate.
“What is this?” I heard him say.
“Ben, a wonderful thing has happened,” my mother said. “Buddy has written his first poem. And it's beautiful, absolutely amazing”.
“If you don't mind, I'd like to decide that for myself,” Father said.
I kept my face lowered to my plate. It was only 10 lines long. But it seemed to take hours. I remember wondering why it was taking so long. I could hear him dropping the poem back on the table again. Now was the moment of decision.
“I think it's bad,” my father said.
I couldn't look up. My eyes were getting wet.
“Ben, sometimes I don't understand you,” my mother was saying. “This is just a little boy. You're not in your studio now. These are the first lines of poetry he's ever written. He need encouragement.”
“I don't know why,” my father held his ground. “Isn't there enough bad poetry in the world already? No law says Buddy has to become a poet.”
I couldn't stand it another second. I ran from the dining room, threw myself on the bed and cried.
That may have been the end of the anecdote(轶事) — but not of its significance for me.
A few years later I took a second look at that first poem, and unwillingly I had to agree with my father's tough judgment. It was a pretty bad poem. After a while, I worked up the courage to show him something new, a short story. My father thought it was overwritten but not hopeless. I was learning to rewrite. And my mother was learning that she could disapprove of me without ruining me. You might say we were all learning. I was going on 12.
As I worked my way into other books and plays and films, it became clearer and clearer to me how fortunate I had been to have had a mother who said, “Buddy, it's wonderful!” and a father who shook his head no and drove me to tears with his, “I think it's bad.” In fact all of us in life need that mother force, the loving force from which all creation flows; and yet the mother force alone is incomplete, even misleading, finally damaging, without the father force to caution, “Watch. Listen. Review. Improve.” Between the two poles of affirmation (肯定) and doubt, both in the name of love, I try to follow my true course.
（1）What did the mother think of the Buddy's poem?
A.She was so moved that she cried.
B.She believed Buddy needed advice from his father.
C.She considered Buddy had no talent for poetry.
D.She thought the poem was well written.
（2）Which underlined word in the following sentences best reflects Buddy's eagerness to show his father the poem?
A.Then I confidently placed it right on my father's place on the dining table.
B.He would be able to appreciate my poem even more than my mother.
C.I wrote the poem out in my finest handwriting.
D.I could hardly wait to show him what I had accomplished.
（3）The underlined sentence “My father held his ground” could best be replaced by ________.
A.My father began to explain his reasons
B.My father thought his comment is unreasonable
C.My father refused to change his opinion
D.My father got so angry that he rose to his feet
（4）From the passage, we can infer that the father can be best described as ________.
A.cruel and stubborn
B.loving and matter-of-fact
C.bad-tempered and rude
D.cautious and strict
（5）Which of the following statements do you think the author might agree with?
A.The incident helped the writer work his work further as a writer.
B.The author only realized the significance of the incident after becoming a writer.
C.After the incident, the author stopped writing but tried his luck in plays and films.
D.The incident completely changed the author's course of life.

One of the most important【3】(factor) for developing concentration on a task,whether it is study or anything else,【4】(be) to develop an interest in that task.We are able to focus【5】(easy)and more long periods of time on tasks that we find more interesting.If you ever want to concentrate on anything and studies are no【6】(expect),you need【7】(ensure) that the environmental around you is distraction（注意力分散）free.So the question is not how to concentrate on studies【8】how to avoid distractions that have swallowed up mankind today.The only way to guarantee【9】distraction free environment is by getting rid of all the unnecessary things around you,including the electronic gadgets（小器具）【10】mobile phones.

He was born into a wealthy family in the city of Mainz,Germany.In 1428,he moved to Strasbourg and lived there for almost 20 years.【2】

Gutenberg used his skills in metalwork for the mass production of books.【3】That means that each copy of the Catholic Bible and all of its 73 books were painstakingly handwritten by penmen.Gutenberg fashioned a font（字体）of over 300 characters,far larger than the fonts of today.To make this possible,he invented the variable-width mold（模具）and perfected the mixture of materials used by type factories up to the present century.

【4】Between 1450 and 1455,while preparing to produce a large Latin Bible,Gutenberg is thought to have printed a number of smaller books,a calendar,and so on.The Bible of 42 Lines,the oldest surviving printed book in the Western world,was completed by August 15,1456.

The discovery of the modem printing press changed the way information was delivered.【5】

Even today in the computer age,we rely heavily on the printed word or text for instruction,information,and for the pleasure of reading literature.

A.Gutenberg made the world a much richer place.

B.But he has certainly influenced your life in some ways.

C.Gutenberg's idea was one of the greatest of all mankind.

D.By 1450,Gutenberg was back in Mainz at work on a printing press.

E.This invention was also responsible for educating the masses worldwide.

F.Before the spread of Gutenberg's idea,literature was primarily handwritten.

G.It was in Strasbourg that he probably made his first experiments with moveable type.

【题目】根据短文理解，选择正确答案。
Exercise may help to safeguard the mind against depression(沮丧) through previously unknown effects on working muscles, according to a new study involving mice.
Mental health experts have long been aware that even mild, repeated stress can contribute to the development of depression and other mood disorders in animals and people. Scientists have also known that exercise seems to cushion against depression. But precisely how exercise, a physical activity can reduce someone's risk for depression, a mood state, has been mysterious. So for the new study, researchers at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm studied the brains and behavior of mice in a complicated and novel fashion.
We can't ask mice if they are feeling cheerful or in low spirits. Instead, researchers have pictured certain behaviors that indicate depression in mice. If animals lose weight, stop seeking out a sugar solution when it's available — because, probably, they no longer experience normal pleasures — or give up trying to escape from the cold-water zone just freeze in place, they are categorized as depressed. And in the new experiment, after five weeks of frequent but low-level stress, such as being lightly shocked, mice displayed exactly those behaviors. They became depressed.
The scientists could then have tested whether exercise blunts (延缓) the risk of developing depression after stress by having mice run first. But, frankly, from earlier research, they wanted to know how, so they bred pre-exercised mice. A wealth of earlier research by these scientists and others had shown that aerobic exercise, in both mice and people, increases the production within muscles of an enzyme (酶) called PGC-1alpha. The Karolinska scientists suspected（怀疑） that this enzyme somehow creates conditions within the body that protect the brain against depression. Then, the scientists exposed the animals, which without exercising, were in high levels of PGC-1alpha to five weeks of mild stress. The mice responded with slight symptoms of worry. But they did not develop depression. They continued to seek out sugar and fought to get out of the cold-water zone. Their high levels of PGC-1alpha appeared to make them depression-resistant（抵抗的）. Finally, to ensure that these findings are relevant to people, the researchers had a group of adult volunteers complete three weeks of frequent endurance training, consisting of 40 to 50 minutes of moderate cycling or jogging. The scientists conducted muscle biopsies (活体检查) before and after the program and found that by the end of the three weeks, the volunteers' muscle cells contained substantially more PGC-1alpha than at the study's start.
The finding of these results, in the simplest terms, is that “you reduce the risk of getting depression when you exercise,” said Maria Lindskog, a researcher at the Karolinska Institute.
（1）The researchers at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm conducted the new study hoping to know ________.
A.if exercise cushions against depression
B.what can lead to depression in animals and people
C.if stress can contribute to the development of depression
D.how exercise contributes to reducing someone's risk for depression
（2）We can infer from the new experiment conducted by researchers at the Karolinska Institute that mice are depressed except when ________.
A.they attempt to escape from the cold-water zone
B.they stop searching for the sugar water
C.they stand still in place
D.they can't experience normal pleasures any longer
（3）Researchers asked a group of adult volunteers to complete three weeks of frequent endurance training in order to ________.
A.know if exercise can help to safeguard the mind against depression
B.know if they can endure 40 to 50 minutes of moderate cycling or jogging
C.ensure they can lose weight after moderate cycling or jogging
D.confirm the findings above are also relevant to people
（4）It can be concluded from the passage that ________.
A.the mice with high levels of PGC-1alpha are easier to develop depression
B.athletes are more likely to develop depression than ordinary people
C.the enzyme called PGC-1alpha helps to reduce depression
D.in the past mental health specialists didn't know exercise could help reduce depression

【题目】根据短文理解，选择正确答案。
Today is National Bike-to-Work Day. And on New York City's jammed streets, people are cycling on hundreds of miles of new bike lanes. But New York's widespread efforts to make streets safer for bikes have also left some locals complaining about the loss of parking spots and lanes for cars.
When the weather is good, Aaron Naparstek likes to pedal（用踏板踩） his two young kids to school on a special Dutch-made bicycle. Naparstek supports the new lane.
Aaron: The bike lane on Prospect Park West is really introducing a lot of new people to the idea that it's possible to use a bike in New York City for transportation or to travel around. This is what 21st century New York City looks like.
Prospect Park West is still a one-way road, but where it used to have three lanes of car traffic, now it has two, plus a protected bike lane. Supporters say that makes the road safer for everyone, including pedestrians, by slowing down cars and taking bikes off the sidewalk. But some longtime residents disagree. Lois Carswell is president of a group called Seniors for Safety. She says the two-way bike lane is dangerous to older residents who are used to one-way traffic.
Lois: We wanted a lane — the right kind of lane that would keep everybody safe, that would keep the bikers safe. But we want it to be done the right way. And it has not been done the right way.
Craig Palmer builds bars and restaurants in Manhattan. I was interviewing him for a different story when he brought up the bike lanes all on his own.
Craig: I think the biggest problem is that Bloomberg put all these bike lanes in. You took what used to be a full street and you're shrinking it.
Then there are the Hasidic Jews in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, who forced the city to remove a bike lane through their neighborhood. But polls show that the majority of New Yorkers support bike lanes by a margin of 56% to 39%. Bicycle advocate Caroline Samponaro of Transportation Alternatives calls that a mandate.
Caroline: If this was an election, we would have already had our victory. The public has spoken and they keep speaking. And I think, more importantly, the public is starting to vote with their pedals.
（1）What does Aaron mean by saying “This is what 21st century New York City looks like.”?
A.There are hundreds of miles of new bike lanes in 21 st century New York City.
B.Drivers slow down their cars and bikes are taken off the sidewalk in New York.
C.It's possible to make the streets safe for pedestrians in New York.
D.Bikes are used as a means of transport in 21 st century New York City.
（2）According to the passage, which of the following CANNOT support the opponents of these new bike lanes?
A.Drivers lose parking spots and lanes for cars.
B.We took what used to be a full street so the road is broader than before.
C.The two-way bike lane is dangerous to older residents.
D.The removal of one bike lane through a neighbourhood in Brooklyn was not supported by the majority of New Yorkers.
（3）“A mandate” in Paragraph 8 was referred to a demand or command from ________.
A.the authority
B.the government
C.the supporters
D.the public
（4）Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A.Ride on National Bike-to-Work Day
B.A Bike Lane Divides New Yorkers
C.A New Bike Lane Appears in New York
D.Who Wins an Election

【题目】完形填空
It's hard being an astronaut's son. I mean, everybody expects you to be special or 1. But I'm just a common student, and I' m common in all kinds of ball games, too.
I often wonder 2 my father ever had a son like me. He' s so special and so good at 3. So I used to dream about doing something special to make him 4 me.
In one class, my teacher 5 a Father's Day essay contest to us. He also told us the winners' essays would 6 in front of all the parents and students. After school I walked home, 7 my father, who I would write about in my essay.
I still remember he stayed by my side in the 8 when I was a little kid and had an awful dream. He surprised me 9 a new puppy dog at my eighth birthday party. He sat and tried to explain the meaning of life to me when Grandpa Bob died. To me, he wasn't a world-famous astronaut, just my dad.
I wrote about all these 10 in my essay. One of our classmates said, "I believe you'll win the contest, David. You're the only one in our school who 11 write about being the son of an astronaut. "I shrugged(耸肩). I hadn' t shown anyone the essay, but now I 12hoped I wouldn't win. I didn't want to win just because my father was an astronaut.
I won the second prize. 13 I finished reading my essay, the whole school applauded(鼓掌). I saw my father blowing his nose. I went back to my seat. Dad nodded to 14, cleared his throat, and put his hand on my shoulder. "Son, this is the most 15 moment of my life," he said. It was the proudest moment of my life, too. Maybe I'll never be a great hero or win a Nobel Prize, but just then, it was enough just to be my father' s son.
（1）A.strange B.honest C.perfect
（2）A.why B.what C.whether
（3）A.something B.everything C.nothing
（4）A.proud of B.interested in C.patient with
（5）A.reported B.announced C.explained
（6）A.be written B.be read C.be copied
（7）A.worrying about B.looking for C.thinking of
（8）A.silence B.dark C.sadness
（9）A.to B.for C.with
（10）A.dreams B.expectation C.memories
（11）A.should B.could C.had to
（12）A.hardly B.mostly C.even
（13）A.When B.Although C.Since
（14）A.me B.them C.us
（15）A.embarrassing B.relaxing C.valuable

【题目】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。Finding meaning
This is a part of Debra Jarvis' speech at TED in 2014, which described what she learned when she was a cancer patient.
In 2005, it was at a big cancer center where I was working 1 I received the news that my mother had breast cancer. And then five days later, I received the news that I had breast cancer. My mother and I can be competitive, but I was really not trying to 2 with her on this one.
I learned a lot being a patient, and one of the surprising things was that only a small part of the cancer experience is about 3. Most of it is about feelings and faith, losing and 4 your identity, and discovering 5 you never even knew you had. It's about realizing that the most important things in life are not things at all, 6 relationships. It's about laughing in the 7 of uncertainty and learning that the way to get out of almost anything is to say: “I 8 cancer.”
So the other thing I 9 was that I don't have to 10 “cancer survivor” as my identity. Sometimes, it feels like people are too crazy 11 it and they start telling us how we're going to feel.
About a week after my operation, we had a houseguest. So at dinner that night, our houseguest said: “You know, Deb, now you're really going to learn what's 12. Yes, you are going to make some big changes in your life, and now you're going to start 13 about your death. Yep, this cancer is your wake-up call.” Now, these are golden 14 coming from someone who is speaking about their own experience, but when someone is telling you how you are going to feel, it doesn't 15. After my treatment, it just felt like everyone was telling me what my 16 was going to mean.
It was at that point where I felt like, oh my God, this is just 17 over my life. And that's when I told myself: Take charge of your experience. Don't let it 18 you. We all know that the way to deal with this unpleasant experience, with loss, with any life-changing experience, is to find 19. But here's the thing: No one can tell us what our experience means. We have to 20 what it means.
（1）A.where B.what C.that D.which
（2）A.agree B.compete C.argue D.struggle
（3）A.adventure B.medicine C.life D.money
（4）A.receiving B.exchanging C.defending D.finding
（5）A.energy B.fitness C.strength D.force
（6）A.and B.so C.but D.for
（7）A.middle B.face C.front D.course
（8）A.hate B.have C.dislike D.advocate
（9）A.assumed B.studied C.recognized D.learned
（10）A.take off B.take on C.take back D.take in
（11）A.at B.about C.on D.of
（12）A.important B.splendid C.remote D.original
（13）A.debating B.worrying C.thinking D.quarrelling
（14）A.languages B.rules C.sayings D.words
（15）A.work out B.pay off C.hold out D.make sense
（16）A.experience B.puzzle C.loss D.effect
（17）A.handing B.getting C.taking D.turning
（18）A.allocate B.control C.instruct D.blame
（19）A.difficulty B.truth C.fact D.meaning
（20）A.decide B.suggest C.respect D.insist

London Heathrow Airport is a major international airport in west London,England,United Kingdom.Heathrow is the busiest airport in the United Kingdom and the busiest airport in Europe by passenger traffic.Heathrow is also the third busiest airport in the world by total passenger traffic.In 2016,it handled a record 75.7 million passengers,a 1.0 percent increase from 2015.

Location

Heathrow is 14 miles west of central London.The airport is surrounded by the built-up areas of Harlington. Harmondsworth,Longford and Cranford to the north and by Hounslow and Hatton to the east.To the south lie Bedfont and Stanwell while to the west Heathrow is separated from Colnbrook in Berkshire by the M25 motorway.

History

Heathrow Airport started in 1929 as a small airfield on land south-east of the hamlet of Heathrow from which the airport takes its name.At that time there were farms and market gardens and orchards there.Development of the whole Heathrow area as a very big airfield started in 1944: it was stated to be for long-distance military aircraft bound for the Far East.But by the time the airfield was nearing completion,World War Ⅱ had ended.The government continued to develop the airfield as a civil airport;opened as London Airport in 1946 and renamed Heathrow Airport in 1966.

Facilities

Heathrow Airport is used by over 90 airlines flying to 170 destinations worldwide.The airport is the primary hub of British Airways,and is a base for Virgin Atlantic.Of Heathrow's 75.7 million passengers in 2016,93% were international travellers;the remaining 70% were bound for UK destinations.The busiest single destination in passenger numbers is New York,with over 3 million passengers flying between Heathrow and JFK Airport in 2016.

【1】We can know from the text that Heathrow Airport is named after a(n)____.

A. person B. animal

C. place D. plant

【2】What can we learn about London Heathrow Airport from the text?

A. It has a history or over 90 years.

B. It handled fewer than 70 million passengers in 2016.

C. Most of its passengers are bound for UK destinations.

D. It has the third largest number of passengers in the world.

【3】What is the purpose of the text?

A. To introduce basic information about Heathrow Airport.

B. To attract more travelers to Heathrow Airport.

C. To indicate the history o f Heathrow Airport.

D. To show the convenience of Heathrow Airport.

But I saw it differently. My father trusted me to have the smart to spend money wisely. Even better, he gave me the means to get it. On a very basic level, my father was giving me a shopping spree (狂欢) every year.. But he was also giving me charge over my own fun, trusting my ability to manage money and making me feel like a grown-up. He didn’t buy me Sherlock Holmes, but he gave me the means to walk into the bookstore and choose it for myself, so it felt like a gift from him.

My mother had a gift for giving me what I needed, usually right at the moment I needed it most. This was when I was 25, I failed at being an adult on my very first try. I had quitted my previous job but had no new one. But when my mother paid me a visit, I put on a good show, telling her I had started my own company.

My mother knew that I was trying hard and failing at that time. It wasn’t until after she left that I noticed at the foot of my bed an envelope thick with cash. She knew how desperately I needed it. She knew that had she just shown up with groceries, or offered to pay my rent, she would have made me feel much worse. The cold, hard cash meant she was helping me. And, funnily enough, the distance with which she gave the gift felt like she was giving me space to fix my life and preserve my dignity. My mother and father both did the same thing. One was giving me the means to take my own decisions, and the other was giving me a second chance when those decisions had cost me dearly.

【1】What can we learn about the author from the first two paragraphs?

A. His family once celebrated Christmas happily.

B. His father gave the author chances to make decisions.

C. His best memories about Christmas were in the 1970s.

D. He used to choose books as his father’s gift on Christmas.

【2】What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A. money offered by his father. B. father generous with money.

C. Christmas being important. D. the means of spending money.

【3】When he was 25 years old, the author .

A. planned to open his company B. became interested in shows

C. gave his mother a gift D. was out of work

【4】Which word can best describe the author’s mother?

A. sensitive. B. optimistic.

C. considerate. D. determined.