The curious form of communication is probably not intentional, or consciously understood, but is instead an automatic behavior that arises from the structure of the brain, said Giorgio. “It’s not something they clearly and exactly understand,” Giorgio told The Guardian. “It’s just something that happens to them.”

Giorgio traces the effect back to the way the two halves of the brain process different experiences. In a previous study, his team showed that when a dog had a positive experience, activity rose in the left side of the brain, bringing about more tail wagging to the right. Or else more tail wagging to the left. The effect is barely visible to the human eye because dogs tend to wag their tails too fast, but it can be seen with slow motion video, or in some larger types.

In the latest study, the researchers wanted to find out whether the direction of tail wagging had any effect on other dogs. To get an answer, they fitted dogs with vests that recorded their heart rates, and played them movies of other dogs wagging their tails one way and then the other. To ensure the dogs reacted only to tail wagging, and not appearance? they repeated the experiment with dogs that appeared only as shadows.

“When dogs saw other dogs wagging their tails to the right, there was quite a relaxed reaction and no evidence of an increased heart rate. But when the wagging was to the left we saw an increase in heart rate and a series of behaviors typically associated with stress, anxiety and being more watchful, “Giorgio said. The anxious animals held their ears up, breathed, and kept their eyes wide open. The study appears in the latest issue of Current Biology.

【1】What does the text focus on?

A. Animal protection. B. Animal welfare.

C. Animal tests. D. Animal psychology.

【2】What leads to dogs’ wagging tail to the left or right according to Giorgio?

A. Their automatic behavior. B. Their conscious response.

C. Their increasing heart rate. D. Their selective preference.

【3】At what time do dogs have more tail wagging to the right?

A. When they run quickly. B. When they feel hungry.

C. When they play with their owners. D. When they feel stressed.

【4】What may be the best title for the text?

A. How dogs communicate with each other

B. Some reasons why dogs feel seriously anxious

C. Dogs’ different behaviors in different situations

D. Dogs’ communicating ways of tail wagging

Polynesians settled in the islands that were to become New Zealand somewhere between 1250 and 1300 AD, and developed a unique Maori culture. In 1642, Abel Tasman, a Dutch explorer became the first European to sight New Zealand In 1840, representatives of the British Crown（王室） and Maori Chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi, making New Zealand a British colony. Today, the majority of New Zealand’s population of 4.5 million is of European descent(血统), and the indigenous(土著的) Maori are the largest minority, followed by Asians and Pacific Islanders. Reflecting this, New Zealand’s culture is mainly originated from Maori and early British settlers, with recent broadening arising from increased immigration. The official languages are English, Maori and New Zealand Sign Language, with English predominant(主要的).

New Zealand is a developed country with a market economy that mainly consists of the exports of dairy products, meat and wine, along with tourism. New Zealand is a high-income economy and ranks highly in international comparisons of national performance, such as health, education, economic freedom and quality of life.

【1】What does the underlined word “comprises” in Paragraph 1 mean?

A. Loses B. Conquers.

C. Explores. D. Includes.

【2】What can be inferred from the text?

A. New Zealand was the last land to be settled by humans.

B. The indigenous Maori takes up the largest population in New Zealand.

C. The formation of the Southern Alps has something to do with volcanic eruptions.

D. New Zealand’s culture is mainly originated from Maori and early Dutch settlers.

【3】Who made great contributions to Maori culture according to the text?

A. Polynesians. B. Dutch.

C. British Crown. D. Tonga.

【4】What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?

A. The developing aims of New Zealand.

B. The economic situation of New Zealand.

C. The high ranks that New Zealand government has got.

D. The achievements that New Zealand government has got.

——_______.

A. It’s a pleasure B. Sure, go ahead

C. Never mind D. Help yourself, please.

Please include the following:

1. Your choice of the courses and possible reasons

2. Your present English level

3. Specific language skill you hope to improve

4. Other requirements

【注意事项】

1．开头已给出, 不计入总词数。

2．作文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。

2. 词数：150左右

Dear Sir or Madam,

Thank you for your inviting me to the summer English course in your school.

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【题目】Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when Albert said___ ，“Don't be so mean，' pointing a finger of warning at her.
A.dreadfully
B.guiltily
C.indirectly
D.sharply

I tried to read it. I adored reading, and would dive into a new pile of books from the library all at once. But something about Hans Brinker just wouldn’t let me in. The story was set in Holland, a long time ago. It felt dull and unfamiliar, even though I was a fan of classics of other times and places. I simply read the first pages over and over. I could not progress.

Standing on a bookshelf in our living room, the book was like something I avoided. It scolded me for not being interested, for not trying hard enough, for disappointing my grandmother. The book started to fit in, almost forgotten, until Adele asked. Had I read it? Did I like it? Always determined, she wanted to know the answer. I would make some kind of excuse, but feel bad, and open it again, hoping for a new reaction. The book weighed on me.

Years passed and finally Adele and I both accepted that I would never read Hans Brinker. Eventually I cleared the book from the shelf. The Hans Brinker experience led me to set a rule that I’ve lived by ever since: Do not ask about a book given as a gift and don’t let anything become your barrier. What Adele originally wanted to do is to give book-giving special meaning, but she increased the possibility of the owner to be a disappointment.

【1】What is the similar hobby of the author and his grandmother?

A. Reading. B. Writing.

C. Travelling. D. Buying books.

【2】Why was the author unwilling to read Hans Brinker?

A. He didn’t like Holland. B. The book was boring.

C. The book had many stories. D. He hadn’t enough time to read it.

【3】What is the main idea of the third paragraph?

A. The author began to hope for a change.

B. The author began to dislike reading books.

C. The author felt stressed facing the book.

D. The author felt sorry for his grandmother.

【4】What does the underlined part “the owner” in the last paragraph refer to?

A. The author. B. The grandmother.

C. The writer of Hans Brinker. D. The publisher of Hans Brinker

Athletes were apparently the most prone to cheating. 20 percent of students who played a university sport admitted to cheating on an exam compared to 9 percent of students who did not.

The survey also revealed that men were not only more likely to cheat but were also more likely to admit to it.

The results, compared to a previous survey done on the class of 2013, suggested that cheating may be becoming more commonplace. Of the outgoing seniors only 7 percent admitted to cheating on an exam and another 7 percent said they had been dishonest on a take-home test. 32 percent of the seniors said they had cheated on homework during their undergraduate years.

The survey come in the wake of a cheating scandal (丑闻)at the university which saw 120 students investigated for sharing answers on an exam in 2022. One recent graduate stated:“ Cheating was commonplace when I was at Harvard, especially with students in their first year or two. I would say as many as 60 percent of students took notes into some exams. No one really cared and the faculty, will some of them at least, seemed to recognize and yet ignore the problem. ”

In an email to NBC news, Jeff Neal, a Harvard representative, explained that a committee, made up of faculty, staff and students had been established totacklecheating, which “is a national problem in American education”.

【1】Of the following university students, who is most likely to cheat?

A. Tom, an athletic freshman B. Lucy, a second-year student

C. Jack, a second-year student D. Rose, a first-year student

【2】According to Para. 4 and Para.5, which of the following statements can be inferred?

A. More than one survey has been done.

B. Only 7% of the seniors have cheated on an exam.

C. It seems that more and more undergraduates admit to cheating.

D. Students are more likely to cheat in their senior year.

【3】Why did The Harvard Crimson conduct the survey?

A. They want to wake up the cheating students.

B. There was a cheating scandal at the university.

C. Cheating has become more commonplace.

D. The faculty recognized and yet ignored cheating.

【4】Which word has the closest meaning to the underlined word “tackle” in the last paragraph?

A. Avoid B. Punish

C. Solve D. Explain

1.表明愿意参加活动，并给出原因；

2.关闭手机后，你准备在本周日安排哪些活动；

3.表示会向同学们介绍此项活动。

注意：1.词数100左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am pleased to learn about your appeal to spend a Sunday without using smartphones._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

Yours,

Li Hua

【题目】学校正在组织科技创新大赛，你想为日常生活中某件物品（如钢笔、书包、鞋子……)设计添加新功能来参赛。请以“My Magic”为题写一篇英语短文，介绍你的创意。
内容：1.说明设计理由； 2.介绍新功能。
注意：1.词数不少于120个字； 2.不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。

【题目】短文填空。
We can choose our friends, but usually we cannot choose our neighbors. However, to get a happy home life, we have to get along with well as possible.
An important quality in a neighbor is consideration for. People should not do thingswill disturb their neighbors unnecessarily. For example, television sets need not be played at full volume (音量）loud pop music should not be played very late at night. By avoiding things likely to upset your neighbors, you can enjoyfriendly relationship with them.
An equally important quality is tolerance. Neighbors should do all they can to avoid disturbing other people，there are times when some level of disturbance is unavoidable.neighbors want to get along well with each other, they have to show their tolerance. In this way, everyone will live peace.