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Today and every day we are the targets of salespeople, marketers, advertisers, fundraisers and politicians trying to persuade us to buy something, do something or think a certain way. Over the years, they’ve learned a lot about which features to build into a communication to increase its success. But, by concentrating on the message itself, they’ve missed a crucial component of the process. Research done in the last 15 years shows that the best persuasion is achieved through good presuasion: the practice of arranging for people to agree with a message before they know what’s in it.

Presuasion works by focusing people’s preliminary(开始的) attention on a selected concept—let’s say softness—which encourages them to overvalue related opportunities that immediately follow. In one study, visitors to an online sofa store were sent to a site that illustrated either soft clouds or small coins in the background of its landing page. Those who saw the soft clouds were more likely to prefer soft, comfortable sofas for purchase, whereas those who saw the small amounts of money preferred inexpensive models.

A following study showed the primitiveness of the presuasive mechanism. Subjects became three times more likely to help a researcher who “accidentally” dropped some items if, immediately before, they’d been exposed to images of figures standing together in a friendly pose. If this tripling of helpfulness doesn’t seem remarkable enough, consider that the subjects were 18 months old — hardly able to reason or review or reflect.

Long before scientists started studying the process, a few notable communicators had an intuitive understanding of it.

In February 2015, the financial investor Warren Buffett had a problem. It was 50 years since he had taken control of Berkshire Hathaway Inc., guiding it to amazing levels of value, along with his brilliant partner Charlie Munger. Many investors were worried that, because Buffett and Munger were getting older, these levels couldn’t be maintained in the future, perhaps making it time to sell Berkshire stock.

To respond to these concerns, Buffett wrote a letter to shareholders in which he described various reasons for confidence in Berkshire’s continuing profitability. But, before the description of strengths, he declared with characteristic sincerity that what he was about to state was ‘what I would say to my family today if they asked me about Berkshire’s future.” The result was a flood of favorable reaction to the letter as well as a per-share increase for the year of nearly five times that of the S&P.

With considerable success, practitioners of social influence have always placed persuasive prods(刺激)—small gifts, emotional draw, last-chance opportunities—inside their appeals. Perhaps because of that success, they’ve mostly missed an accompanying truth. For maximum impact, it’s not only what you do; it’s also what you do just before you do what you do.

Greetings from the Great Barrier Reef! I’m riding on a sailing boat with some relatives as I write this. We’re diving here all next week. The reef is located in the Coral Sea that is off the northeast coast of Australia.

The reef is made up of many corals. Corals are very hard and made of many tiny animals called “polyps” that look like underwater flowers. The corals need help to eat. They have a special relationship with other small animals, “algae” (藻类), that take in sunlight and make energy for the coral. It’s the algae that give color to the corals. Because algae need sunlight, the corals are very close to the surface of the water.

Together, the many corals create a magical environment. They make a home for the animals that live in the sea. When I went diving the other day, I saw all types of different animals-dolphins, turtles (海龟) and sea snakes. I was surprised at being able to see some fish I see only in movies, like clown fish (小丑鱼). As I am diving, I can feel the spirit of this magical place. It seems that these animals aren’t surprised to see me. Maybe they think I’m another fish!

Sadly, according to scientists, the Great Barrier Reef is dying because the water is getting warmer due to global warming. As the ocean gets warmer, the algae that live in the corals are cut off from the food they need for making energy. As a result, they leave the corals, and the corals die and lose their color. We see many dead white corals when we dive. We need to stop global warming and keep the water from getting hotter!

See you soon,

Gloria

【1】Where is Gloria writing from?

A.A sailing boat.B.Great Barrier Reef.

C.A hotel room.D.A relative’s house.

【2】What do algae do for corals?

A.They give sunlight to the corals.

B.They make energy for the corals to grow.

C.They capture fish for the corals to eat.

D.They allow the corals to move around.

【3】Why is the coral reef described as “magical”?

A.The author had never been there before.

B.The area can allow the animals to do magical things.

C.It’s another world with many animals and colors.

D.Corals grow only at the Great Barrier Reef.

【4】Why is the writer sad about the future of the corals?

A.She fears they will eventually die from global warming.

B.When corals die, they lose their color and turn to a boring white.

C.Not enough people will have a chance to see this magical place.

D.She’s sad that the corals and algae will break their relationship.

A.playsB.will playC.has been playingD.will have been playing

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注意：

l.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词：

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Dear Mrs Jones,

How is everything going?

Knowing your sixteenth birthday is coming, I'd like to say "Happy birthday" to you! I go to London and lived in your family one year ago. As a exchange student, I couldn't adapt(适应) ourselves to the new living environment and lifestyle there at first. It was you which told me not to be nervous and helped me get used them. Stay with you has become the most unforgettably experience for me now. Would you like to come to China to have visit me? If so, I'll show you around my city but take you to taste local delicious food. I'm sure you will like it.

I am looking forward to your early reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

【1】What did Bill feel nervous about?

A. His illness. B. His sleep. C. His operation.

【2】How long was it before Bill was allowed to eat?

A. 24 hours. B. 48 hours. C. 72 hours.

【3】What does Bill expect to do now?

A. Drink beer. B. Leave hospital. C. Eat steak.

A.in honor ofB.in view ofC.by virtue ofD.by way of

【1】What do the two telephone companies have in common?

A. They charge less. B. They send strong signals. C. They have the best service.

【2】What news can be got from the hotel message board?

A. Buying a used car. B. Taking a free ride. C. Renting a new car.

【3】Why do many travelers like to work at hotels?

A. To have free meals. B. To make extra money. C. To stay for free.

【4】What is the speaker doing?

A. Guiding tourists around Australia.

B. Recommending travel styles in Australia.

C. Telling travelers money-saving ways in Australia.

I used to be lazy at home. Seeing this, my mother came up with 【2】 idea - I have to earn my pocket money by 【3】(do) housework.

It changed me a lot. I have to manage my time to balance(平衡) schoolwork 【4】 house- work. For example, when I can't work【5】 a math problem, I prefer to sweep the floor or tidy up my room 【6】(clear) my mind. I will make a good plan for every coin I earn. I keep an account (账目) to check 【7】 something is worth buying. Once my mother told me to buy some toiletries(洗漱用品). I 【8】(quick) made a list, compared prices and 【9】(buy) products that were on sale. I now have a habit of managing money and I know it's great 【10】 my mother to look after my family so well!

This is how I learn and get from doing housework - it's a skill that lasts a lifetime.

1、劳逸结合；

2、健康饮食；

3、适当锻炼；

4、保持乐观心态。

注意：1、短文必须包括所列内容；

2、词数100左右；

Dear Editors,

With the approach of Senior 3 studies, students who have almost finished Senior 2 are under increasingly great pressure, which has affected some students’life.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

By working beside your children and discussing what they eat for lunch, you are helping them understand the importance of whole foods and the avoidance of junk foods. 【2】 As they get older these good habits will stay with them. They will learn that these types of food will help them feel better and look better ; give them more energy. Try to let them see that the food choices they are making will help them feel so much better .

【3】 I know of one family that actually had the food pyramid on the wall of their kitchen and it helped their children pick out what foods they wanted . Everyone got a chance to decide what to eat , but they had to pick protein , vegetables and fruit. In addition , the mother had a book with recipes for healthy foods. 【4】 So children knew what healthy foods they should choose.

Unlike today , when we grew up we played outside, rode our bikes , ran around , skated , and the list goes on and on. 【5】 So in addition to the above healthy eating choices, you need to plan some activities for your children today other than the television or video games.

A. We didn't have TV or video games.

B. How are children helped to choose their food?

C. You are helping them make smart informed choices .

D. Think what large meals do to your children at school.

E. What adults eat daily has a great effect on their children.

F. All of the recipes had pictures of what the food looked like.

G. The recipes for children should mainly include healthy foods.