Sindhutai Sapkal's work was inspired by her own hardships growing up. Born into a poor family, she had to abandon her education at age 9, and was married to a 20-year-old man when she was just 10 years old. Ten years later, when she was expecting a Why, she was thrown out of the house by her husband, and because everyone, even her family, turned her away, she had to give birth in a cow house.

To support herself and her newborn daughter, Sapkal had to beg and sing at train stations for food. It was during these difficult times that she met many other abandoned youths who were struggling just like she was. She would share her food with them and provide as much care as she could. Some of them started following her around，and that, she says, is how her large family started to form without her even realizing.

Over the last 40 years, Sindhutai Sapkal has traveled to countless villages, giving speeches until her throat was dry, trying to collect donations to provide a better life for her adopted children. She managed to build four orphanages, where many abandoned children have grown into respectable members of society. She makes it her duty to keep the kids on the right path in life and offer them the love and care of a real family.

"I was raised believing that blood relations don't really mean much. For me, my understanding of a home was based on what I had seen-my mother and her large family," Sindhutai's daughter, Mamata, says. "After completing my degrees, I have been working with Mai(mother)."

【1】What inspired Sindhutai Sapkal to start her work?

A.Over 750 awards given.B.Her poor education.

C.Many homeless children.D.Her life experiences.

【2】What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A.Sindhutai Sapkal's work has a great influence on her daughter.

B.Mamata thinks blood relations don't really mean much in a family.

C.Mamata's based her understanding of a home on adopted chil击en.

D.Sindhutai Sapkal was satisfied with what she got from her life.

【3】What is the text mainly about?

A.Sapkal's social status as Mother of Orphans.

B.Sapkal's contribution to abandoned children.

C.Sapkal's wish to build shelters for children.

D.Sapkal's effort to collect money for the poor.

【4】Which of the following can he used to describe Sindhutai Sapkal?

A.Cruel.B.Serious.

C.Caring.D.Strict.

According to a new study just published in Psychological Science, any one person seen in a group just seems better looking than when viewed alone. The reason: human eyes average things out, and when it comes to faces, average is usually good.

【1】 Facial analysis studies show the symmetry(对称) is almost always regarded as prettier than asymmetry and the most beautiful faces are the ones on which eyes are no more or less than a certain distance apart, and the forehead, chin, cheeks and other features take up no more than a certain share of the whole. It’s the reason that models may be gorgeous but can prove awfully difficult to tell apart.

“Perhaps,” says psychological scientist Drew Walker of the University of California, San Diego, in a statement that accompanied the release of the study, “beautiful people are all alike, but every unattractive person is unattractive in their own ways.”

To test how that plays out in a group setting, Walker and his UCSD collaborator, psychological scientist Edward Vul, recruited 130 undergraduate students and showed them pictures of 100 different men and women. 【2】 Other times they were cut out to show just one face at a time. Still other times, the faces were taken out of context and arranged on a simple grid (网格) of either four, nine or 16 faces.

Consistently, the researchers found, the sole shots were regarded as less attractive than the faces viewed in a group—whether in a real setting or on the grid. This was true regardless of the gender of the subjects and regardless of whether they would broadly be described as following most definitions of attractiveness or unattractiveness. 【3】

The explanation for the phenomenon, they believe, is the averaging effect and how it works. 【4】 “Individuals with complementary features—one person with narrow eyes and one person with wide eyes—would enjoy a greater boost in attractiveness when seen together, as compared to groups composed of individuals who have similar features,” Walker and Vul write.

A. Both the gorgeous and non- gorgeous improved by being with other people.

B. Sometimes the subjects in the pictures were shown as part of a three-person group.

C. It turns out that people don’t even need to be in an actual group to look more attractive.

D. It’s no secret that our definition of beauty is defined by a very clear set of physical norms.

AB. A big nose in the company of a small nose does not look bigger still; rather, both noses move closer to the average.

AC. While being average-looking might seem like a bad thing, the research suggests that’s not necessarily the case for attractiveness.

Duncan, who lived in Washington State was 10 at the time, and his solution was to give them bikes. With his mom, he started Wheels to Africa, an organization that for the past 14 years has taken bicycles donated from residents of the. Washington area and shipped them across the world to people in need.

Most of the 8000 bikes they have collected have gone to countries in Africa, helping cut down hours of walking for students and other postmen. But last week, Duncan, travelled with a handful of volunteers and 400 bikes to a destination much closer to his home yet still in need: Puerto Rico. More than a year after it was destroyed by Hurricane Maria, the island suffers from transportation problems.

"It was a little chaotic (混乱的) — as soon as they got their bikes, they were just having fun riding around the parking lot," said Austin Higgins, a New Jersey resident who recently joined Wheels to Africa as its photographer and videographer. "Some people who received bicycles were almost speechless, and some of them cried, because it was something they had requested for Christmas from Santa Claus," he said.

The donated bikes included some high-end racing models, which went to teenagers interested in pursuing serious cycling.

Duncan recently graduated from Bard College and is in Arlington working at a political consulting firm. He now encourages kids in the Washington area to get involved with the organization, and some have joined him on trips to Africa and on this trip to Puerto Rico.

"I wanted to try to get people to think about giving back,” he said.

【1】Why did Winston Duncan start Wheels to Africa?

A.He hoped to make his grandmother feel happy.

B.He was fond of collecting different types of bikes.

C.He wanted to help the poor people to live better.

D.He was greatly supported by his mother to do so.

【2】What can we learn about Wheels to Africa?

A.It has been managed for fourteen years.

B.It has delivered about 400 bikes to Africa.

C.It has many young kids as its members now.

D.It collects bicycles from all the areas in the U. S.

【3】What can we infer from Austin Higgin's words in Paragraph Four?

A.The delivery usually meets with some trouble.

B.The people who got bikes were excited and grateful.

C.It was very difficult for Duncan to collect enough bikes.

D.People in Africa required him to dress up as Santa Claus.

【4】What is probably the best title of the text?

A.Wheels to Africa.B.Trip to Puerto Rico.

C.Duncan, a Generous Person.D.Hurricane in Puerto Rico.

（1）表示欢迎；

（2）准备事项（如学习简单的汉语，交通工具的选择，饮食的适应等方面）；

（3）你的祝愿。

注意： 1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3. 开头语已为你写好。

Dear Ton,

I’m glad to know that you are coming to China.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

Arches National Park, Utah

More than 2,000 natural stone arches make Arches National Park a special place in Utah. Travelers from around the world come to see brilliant sunsets that light up the sky each night. Hikers and rock climbers will love the endless options for exploring, while more low-key visitors are sure to love the camping.

Acadia, Maine

Super close to Bar Harbor, one of Maine's most beloved tiny towns, Acadia National Park tops travel guides for the Vacation State. Before making your way to Mt. Desert island, dine on the country's most famous fish and lake advantage of the opportunity to go whale watching on the Atlantic Ocean. When visiting Acadia, set aside some time to hike and go boating.

Mount Rainier, Washington

We couldn't leave the park with you slowly moving ice off the list. Washington's Mount Rainier National Park, found southeast of Seattle, has 25 of them (along with the famous volcano) as its attention-catching sight. The National Park says it's "the snowiest place on earth where snow is measured regularly." If snowcapped peaks aren't your thing, plan to visit the park when the weather is warmer.

Great Sand Dunes (沙丘), Colorado

You probably imagine the Rocky Mountains when you think about Colorado, but did you know that the Centennial state is also home to the United States' largest sand dunes? See them for yourself at Great Sand Dunes National Park, where you can go sand boarding or "fat biking". Though June temperatures are said to be some of Southern Colorado's best, a warm winter day can be an equally enjoyable time to see the dunes.

【1】What do Arches National Park and Acadia have in common?

A.Tourists can hike in the parks.B.They are located in tiny towns.

C.Both of the parks offer sea food.D.They offer free guide to travellers.

【2】What attracts travellers most in Mount Rainier?

A.Sunsets.B.Whales.

C.Ice.D.Sands.

【3】Where can you go if you are fond of cycling?

A.Arches National Park, UtahB.Acadia, Maine

C.Mount Rainier, WashingtonD.Great Sand Dunes, Colorado

【1】索马里（Somalia）是我曾经去过的最危险的地方之一。

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【2】众所周知，IT是信息技术的缩写。

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【3】到目前为止，我已经读了六本J.K.Rowling写的小说。

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【4】你越努力工作，你就会取得越多的进步。

______________________________________________________________

【5】有这样的时候，我们需要改变自己，尽快适应新环境。

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【1】As a little girl, I’m not brave and am f________ of walking home alone in the dark.

【2】When you learn to ride a bicycle, you must learn to keep your b________.

【3】To find out how popular English songs are among students, we carried out a s________.

【4】The houses are so expensive that ordinary people can’t a________ them.

【5】A pilot should be r________ for the safety of all the passengers on board.

【6】At the very moment, the hunter took out his gun and s________ the wolf dead.

【7】Charlie Chaplin, a great actor in the history of the cinema, is considered to have made great c________ to the film industry.

【8】The form covers the basic information about those people, such as the name, gender, age and o________.

【9】Mary found herself in ________ (冲突) with her parents over her studies.

【10】The iphone 11 is one of the latest ________ (产品) of Apple Inc. this year.

【11】Of the six people injured in the air crash, only two ________ (幸存).

【12】Before going abroad to study, I need to ________ (申请) to the university for a scholarship.

【13】Contact us if you want to design your wedding ________ (仪式) to impress others.

【14】Nervous and shy, Nancy took a deep ________ (呼吸) and began to speak in public.

【15】After we had a long talk, we came to the ________ (结论) that he didn’t tell us the truth.

● Read about things that interest you.

If you are interested in what you are reading about, the words will come alive, and naturally you will be attracted to understand. 【1】 find which you consider meaningful.

● Read material that is at your level, or just a little difficult for you.

Looking up many unknown words in a dictionary is really dull, and the results of the dictionary search got quickly forgotten. 【2】, And soon you will be able to take on more difficult content.

● Learn to read in depth, stay on the same subject for a while.

If you are familiar with the subject you are reading about, you will understand better. If the subject matter is new to you, you should even try to read a few different books or articles about the same subject, before you move on. 【3】 helping you to learn. You will also be able to get deeper into the subject and your reading confidence will grow.

● 【4】.

Most of your reading should be for pleasure. You can enjoy reading without understanding all of what you read. You may even understand some things in your own personal way.

● Recognize that the key is to read a lot.

You may develop a system for keeping track of new words that you encounter in your reading. However, the main growth in your vocabulary and reading skill will come just from reading as much as you can. So learn to enjoy reading and read a lot. Keep reading, and you will become a better reader.

【5】. When you are reading a textbook or manual, or report or other material that have to read for school or work, you may need to underline, take notes, and read some parts over again, in order to retain what you are reading. However, if you have developed the habit of reading for pleasure, you will find that some other techniques you need will come naturally, and that you will understand a lot better than before.

A. You’d better read more difficult books

B. Enjoy understanding all of what you read

C. Don’t worry about what you don’t understand

D. Unfortunately not all reading is just for pleasure

E. This way you will meet the same vocabulary and ideas often

F. It is better to stay within your comfort zone and keep reading

G. You will feel satisfaction in accomplishing a task that fascinates you

Cooling puts the greatest stress on your summer energy bill and the power grid. Just as a tune-up for your car can improve your gas mileage, a yearly tune-up of your heating and cooling system can improve efficiency and comfort. Clean or replace filter monthly or as needed.

For central air conditioning systems and room air conditioners, look for the ENERGY STAR, the federal government’s symbol for energy efficiency. For central air, purchase the system with the highest possible Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio. (SEER)

Use energy efficient ceiling fans either alone or with air conditioning. Ceiling fans do a great job of circulating air. When used with air conditioning, fans allow you to raise the thermostat and cut costs. Ceiling fans cool people, not rooms, so before you leave, turn off the ceiling fan.

Let a programmable thermostat “remember for you” to automatically adjust the indoor climate with your daily and weekend patterns to reduce cooling bills by up to 10 percent. You can come home to a comfortable house without wasting energy and creating pollution all day while you are at work.

Try to make your home airtight enough to increase your comfort, make your home quieter and cleaner and reduce your cooling costs up to 20 percent.

Cut your air conditioning load, and reduce pollution by planting leafy trees around your home and fixing reflective bricks on your roof.

Close blinds or shades on south-and west-facing windows during the day, or fix shading equipment to avoid heat build-up.

Turn off everything not in use: lights, TVs, computers. And use fluorescent bulbs, which provide bright, warm light while using at least two-thirds less energy, producing 70 percent less heat and lasting up to 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs.

Drive the car that gets better gas mileage whenever possible if you own more than one vehicle. If you drive 12,500 miles a year, switching 10 percent of your trips from a car that gets 20 miles per gallon to one that gets 30 mpg will save you more than 65 per year.

Carpool. The average U.S. commuter could save about 260 a year by sharing cars twice a week with two other people in a car that gets 20.1 mpg-assuming the three passengers share the cost of gas.

【1】According to the passage, the thermostat is used to ________.

A.make rooms quieterB.control room temperature

C.turn off the air conditionerD.reduce room air pollution

【2】We can conclude from the passage that the author probably discourages _________.

A.planting leafy trees around your home

B.turning off the ceiling fan before you leave your house

C.keeping your south-facing windows open during the day

D.using fluorescent bulbs instead of incandescent bulbs

【3】According to the passage, you can save fuel by _______.

A.using energy-efficient ceiling fans

B.sharing cars with others on workdays

C.turning off everything not in use

D.reducing 10% of your car trips every year

According to a recent study, published in Scientific Reports, young people increasingly have bony bumps at the base of their skulls (颅骨) right above the neck. Medical professionals call them enlarged external occipital protuberances(EEOPs, 枕外隆突).

Australian health scientist David Shahar, author of the study told the BBC that over the past 10 years, he’s seen more and more patients with EEOPs. Together with other researchers from the University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia, they examined 1200 skulls x-rays from people aged 18 to 30. They also measured the bumps and noted each person’s posture (坐姿).

They found that one in four people have developed these growths. This led to their theory that smartphones are the cause.

According to their research, looking down at their phones adds the stress onto the top of our spines (脊柱). To prevent damage to our spines, Shahar believes our bodies add fresh bony bumps to help reduce the extra stress.

Most of the EEOPs measurea just a few millimeters. However, several subjects were found with EEOPs as large as 30 mm.

In his report, Shahar said the results “highlighted the need” for prevention. In other words, we need to change our posture while using our phones.

Many people assume our bones are solid and are unmoving once we reach adulthood. In reality, they are alive and covered with blood vessels (血管), which allows them to develop in unique ways for each person.

Aside from EEOPs, other noticeable recent changes in human bodies include smaller jaws, elbows and skeletons (骨格). The human body is changing with modern life. So who knows what people in the future might look like?

【1】What did the recent study find about EEPOs?

A.They grow on one’s neck.

B.They could lead to many mental problems.

C.They increasingly occur among young people.

D.They may stop growing when they reach 30.

【2】What is the main cause of EEPOs?

A.Gene problems.B.Cellphone use.

C.Blood vessels.D.Extra stress.

【3】Which of the following would Shahar probably agree with?

A.EEPOs increase the stress on our spines.

B.Young people’s bones develop in similar ways.

C.EEPOs are actually beneficial to our spines.

D.Young people should exercise to improve their posture.

【4】What’s the main purpose of the text?

A.To persuade readers to protect their spines.

B.To recommend some healthy habits of using phones.

C.To show some recent changes in human bodies.

D.To explain why human bodies develop EEPOs.