Reasons for the difference between sexes are unclear but evidence suggests men are less likely to protect themselves from the sun or pay attention to public health warnings, Dorothy Yang, a doctor said.

More than 90% of melanoma (黑素瘤) cancers are caused by skin cell damage from exposure to the sun or other sources of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, according to the US Centers for Disease Control.

In eight of 18 developed countries examined, men’s skin cancer death rates had increased in the past 30 years by at least 50%.

But the nations with the biggest rise in skin cancer deaths were often not those with the highest death rates, the research showed. In Australia, for example, nearly six out of every 100,000 men died of the disease in 2013 -2015. That is twice the second highest death rate (Finland), but only a 10% increase compared to 30 years earlier.

Australia has been an early performer of public health media campaigns since the 1970s to promote sun-smart’ behaviour. While debate continues on how much of Australia’s record skin cancer rate originates from the sun, 30 years of public health campaigns have no doubt made Australians acutely aware of the dangers.

Skin cancer deaths among women in 1985 in Australia occurred at half the rate as for men, and declined by 10% over the next 30 years. In other countries, female death from the disease went down over the same period. In some other sun-loving nations, however, women saw at least as sharp a jump from 1985 to 2015 in death rates as men.

Scientists are studying whether biological or genetic factors might also play a role in skin cancer, but findings so far are inconclusive.

【1】What can be concluded from the passage?

A.Death rates among women are declining all the time.

B.Australia is the first country to conduct public health media campaigns.

C.Death rate of skin cancer in Australia was once the highest.

D.Female death rate of skin cancer in some sun-loving countries went down.

【2】What probably keeps people away from skin cancer according to the text?

A.Declining exposure to UV.

B.Biological or genetic factors.

C.People’s love for sun.

D.People paying little attention to public health warnings.

【3】What does the underlined word “inconclusive” in the last paragraph probably mean?

A.Unclear.B.Evident.C.Definite.D.Satisfying.

【4】What’s people’s attitude to public health campaigns in Australia?

A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Critical.D.Controversial.

Notlongafterthesurgery，TimsawabrochuredescribingImaginationLibrary,aprogramstartedbyDollyParton’sfoundation（基金会）thatmailedabookeverymonthtochildrenfrombirthtoagefiveinthesinger’shometownofSevier，Tennessee．“Ithought，maybeLindaandIcoulddosomethinglikethiswhenweretire，”Timrecalls．Heplacedthebrochureonhisdesk，“asareminder．”

Fiveyearslater，nowretiredandwiththatbrochurestillonthedesk，Timclickedonimaginationlibrary．com．Theprogramhadbeenopeneduptopartnerswhocouldtakeadvantageofbookandpostagediscounts．

ThequalityofthebookswasofgreatconcerntotheRichters．Ratherthansignuponline，theywenttoDollywoodforalook-see．“Wedidn’twanttogivethechildrenrubbish，”saysLinda．Thebooks-reviewedeachyearbyteachers，literacyspecialists，andDollywoodboardmembers-includedclassicssuchasEzraJackKeats’sTheSnowyDayandnewerbookslikeAnnaDewdney’sLlamaLlamaseries．

Satisfied，thecouplesetuptheRichterFamilyFoundationandgottowork．Since2004，theyhaveshippedmorethan12，200bookstopreschoolersintheirarea．MeganWilliams，amotheroffour，ismorethanappreciative：“ThisprogramintroducesustobooksI’veneverheardof．”

TheRichtersspendabout﹩400amonthsendingbooksto200children．“Somepeoplesitthereandwaittospan>die，”saysTim．“Othersgetasbusyastheycaninthetimetheyhaveleft．”

【1】WhatledTimtothinkseriouslyaboutthemeaningoflife？________

A. Hishealthproblem．

B. Hisloveforteaching．

C. Theinfluenceofhiswife．

D. ThenewsfromtheWeb．

【2】WhatdidTimwanttodoafterlearningaboutImaginationLibrary？________

A. Giveoutbrochures．

B. Dosomethingsimilar．

C. Writebooksforchildren．

D. Retirefrombeingateacher．

【3】WhydidtheRichtersgotoDollywood？________

A. Toavoidsigninguponline．

B. TomeetDollywoodboardmembers．

C. Tomakesurethebookswerethenewest．

D. Toseeifthebookswereofgoodquality．

【4】WhatcanwelearnfromTim’swordsinthelastparagraph？________

A. Heneedsmoremoneytohelpthechildren．

B. Hewonderswhysomepeoplearesobusy．

C. Hetriestosavethosewaitingtodie．

D. Heconsidershiseffortsworthwhile．

●College，UniversityorInstitute

Collegeanduniversitiesofferundergraduatedegreesinartsandsciences．Andbothcanhelpprepareyoungpeopletoearnaliving．Butmanycollegesdon’toffergraduatestudies．Universitiesaregenerallybigger,offermoreprogramsanddomoreresearch．Aninstituteoftechnologycanofferawidechoiceofprogramsandactivities．Seventyfivepercentoffreshmengotherewithastronginterestandinvolvementinthearts．

●TheApplicationProcess

Internationaladmissionsofficersadvisestudentstoapplytoatleastthreeschools．Youmaybeabletoapplyonlineandpaytheapplicationchargewithacreditcard,orbymail．Youshouldstudythewebsitesofschoolstofindinformationabouthowandwhentoapply,howmuchitwillcostandwhetheranyfinancialaidisavailable．

●GetaStudentCard

Ifyourequestingavisaforthefirsttime，youwillhavetogotoanAmericanembassyorconsulate（领馆）．YouwillneedtobringagovernmentformsenttoyoubyyourAmericanschoolthatshowsyouhavebeenaccepted．Aconsularofficialwillalsotakeyourpictureandyourfingerprints．Youwillalsoneedbankingandtaxrecordsthatshowyouhaveenoughmoneytopayforyoureducation．

●FinancialAid

Americanschoolsprovideaid，likescholarships，fellowships,toalmosthalfofforeigngraduatestudents，butonlytenpercentofundergraduates．Butgrants，which，unlikealoan，doesnothavetobepaid．

【1】ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatAmericancollegesanduniversities________．

A. havetheirownoriginsininstitutesoftechnology

B. havebothsimilaritiesanddifferences

C. canofferawidechoiceofprogramsandactivities

D. provideaboutseventy-fivepercentstudentswithartcourses

【2】InwhatordershouldthestepsforapplyingtoanAmericanschoolbecompletedbyaforeignstudent？________

a．Applyonline

b．Findouthowmuchitwillcostandwhetheranyfinancialaidisavailableonline

c．Paytheapplicationchargewithacreditcard，orbymail

d．Chooseatleastthreeschools

e．Findinformationabouthowandwhentoapplyonline

A. a-c-e-d-b B. e-d-c-a-b

C. d-a-c-e-b D. b-c-e-d-a

【3】Toapplyforaviseforthefirsttime，you’llhavetodothefollowingthingsEXCEPT________．

A. payinganAmericanembassyorconsulatesomemoney

B. takingyourpictureandyourfingerprints

C. showingagovernmentformgivenbytheAmericanschooladmittingyou

D. providingevidencethatyouhaveenoughmoneytopayforyoureducation

【4】Thepurposeofthepassageis________．

A. tomakesomemoney

B. toprovideforeignstudentswithaguide

C. toimproveeducationquality

D. toattractforeignvisitorstoAmerica．

However，helosthisnerve_________alovelyyoungwomanopenedthedoor．Insteadofamealheaskedforadrinkofwater．Shethoughthelooked_________soshebroughthimalargeglassofmilk．Hedrankit_________，andthenasked，“HowmuchdoIoweyou？”

“Youdon’towemeanything，”she_________．“Motherhastaughtmenevertoacceptpayfora_________．”Hesaid，“ThenIthankyoufromthebottomofmyheart．”AsHowardKellyleftthathouse，henotonlyfeltstronger_________，butitalsoincreasedhisfaithinGodandhumanrace．

Hewasabouttogiveupandquitbeforethispoint．

Yearslatertheyoungwomanbecamecriticallyill．Thelocaldoctorswerebaffled．Theyfinallysenthertothebigcity，wherespecialistscanbecalled_________tostudyherraredisease．Dr．HowardKelly，now_________，wascalledinfortheconsultation．Whenheheardthenameofthetownshecamefrom，astrangelight__________hiseyes．Immediately，he__________andwentdownthroughthehospitalhallintoherroom．

__________inhisdoctor’sgownhewentintoseeher．He__________heratonce．Hewentbacktotheconsultationroomand__________todohisbesttosaveherlife．Fromthatdayon，hegave__________attentiontohercase．

Afteralong__________，thebattlewaswon．Dr．Kelly__________thebusinessofficetopassthefinalbilltohimforapproval．Helookedatitandthenwrotesomethingontheside．Thebillwassenttoherroom．Shewasafraidtoopenitbecauseshewas__________thatitwouldtaketherestofherlifetopayitoff．Finallyshelooked，andthenoteonthesideofthebillcaughther__________．Shereadthesewords…

“Paidinfullwithaglassofmilk．”

（Signed）Dr．HowardKelly

Tearsofjoyfloodedhereyesasshe__________silently．“Thankyou，God．Yourlovehasspreadthroughhumanheartsandhands．”

【1】A. call B. make C. beg D. prepare

【2】A. while B. when C. though D. unless

【3】A. thirsty B. lazy C. tired D. hungry

【4】A. slowly B. unexpectedly C. steadily D. hurriedly

【5】A. announced B. shook C. replied D. doubted

【6】A. reward B. kindness C. hand D. value

【7】A. physically B. mentally C. normally D. properly

【8】A. up B. for C. on D. in

【9】A. rich B. famous C. observant D. vivid

【10】A. filled B. consulted C. fixed D. concentrated

【11】A. rose B. raised C. got D. left

【12】A. Worn B. Having C. putting D. Dressed

【13】A. recognized B. knew C. spared D. regained

【14】A. desired B. declared C. determined D. declined

【15】A. special B. ordinary C. normal D. no

【16】A. decision B. preparation C. struggle D. debate

【17】A. ordered B. requested C. confused D. compressed

【18】A. negative B. uncertain C. positive D. obvious

【19】A. presentation B. preference C. attention D. arrangement

【20】A. prayed B. pretended C. pressed D. praised

A new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative (负面的) consequences of a decision.

The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.

“Stress affects how people learn,” says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”

For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn’t gone through the stress.

This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress –at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled.

The research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.

Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more, however, women will win.

This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.

【1】We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to ______.

A.keep rewards better in their memory

B.recall consequences more effortlessly

C.make risky decisions more frequently

D.learn a subject more effectively

【2】According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their ______.

A.ways of making choicesB.preference for pleasure

C.tolerance of punishmentsD.responses to suggestions

【3】The research has proved that in a stressful situation, ______.

A.women find it easier to fall into certain habits

B.men have a greater tendency to slow down

C.women focus more on outcomes

D.men are more likely to take risks

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

One day, a young man, whom couldn't get back home, came into my office to ask for help. He said his mother was disabled. His phone had stolen with his wallet and he hadn't contacted her for the past two days. However, his job was assessing housing applications, not provide money for travel. I asked him to wait outside unless I finished my work. After work I drove him all the way home. We arrive at his mother's house at 10:30 p.m. .She was in a wheelchair and she answered a door. I saw tears in her eye as she thanked for me. I just hoped that if my son experienced nothing similar, someone would be nicely enough to bring him home to me.

Youth Club, a UK not-for-profit organization, released a book earlier this year celebrating many different subcultures from throughout Britain’s recent history.

“A catalyst (催化剂) for creativity on the worldwide stage, British youth culture movements from the Teddy Boys of the 1950s to the Grime Scene of the 2000s continue to play a pioneering role in music, fashion and creativity across the globe”, it wrote on its website.

These subcultures were traditionally a way for young people to show their personalities to others. Walking around London in the 1970s would have meant seeing dozens of young “punks” ——people dressed in ripped denim (破洞), leather jackets, body piercings (穿孔) and with brightly-dyed hair on the streets. And in the 90s, “ravers” were young people who threw all-night parties in abandoned buildings or car parks.

So, what was the reason behind these subcultures?

“On both sides of the Atlantic, more and more young disappointed teenagers were looking for an escape from the boredom and constraints (约束) of society,” wrote Ian Youngs, BBC entertainment reporter. “Unemployment, racial tensions and social upheaval (剧变) added fuel to their fires.”

“Fashion and music are much cheaper and faster today.” said Ruth Adams, a culture lecturer at King’s College London, “but it’s all a bit more blurry (模糊不清的).” She believes it’s harder to figure out someone’s personality or music tastes nowadays just by looking at them.

Despite this, Adams believes that today’s young people are still finding their own way to express themselves, but in a more modern way.

【1】According to the text, British youth subcultures ________.

A.were a way for youth to express their identities

B.were started by Youth Club to promote creativity

C.could be traced back to the 1970s

D.had a greater effect on fashion than music

【2】What contributed to the popularity of youth subcultures?

A.Youth club of culture movements.

B.Young people’s longing for fame and wealth.

C.Young people’s desire for freedom and fun.

D.The easy access to fashion and music.

【3】Which of the following would Ruth Adams probably agree with?

A.It costs more money to stick to fashion and music.

B.Young people today can’t express themselves easily.

C.Young people today are less interested in music and fashion.

D.It’s harder to recognize the personalities of young people today.

【4】What’s the author’s attitude towards subcultures?

A.Negative.B.Objective.C.Doubtful.D.Supportive.

The Silk Road is in fact a【1】(relative) recent term. These ancient roads had no particular name 【2】 in the middle of the 1800s, Baron Ferdinand Von Richthofen named the trade and communication network the Silk Road. Since then the term has been accepted globally.

In the 【3】(nineteen) century, a new type of travelers stepped onto the Silk Road: archaeologists and geographers, enthusiastic explorers who were eager 【4】(look) for adventure. Researchers who came from many countries traveled through the Taklamakan Desert, which is now in Xinjiang, to explore ancient sites along the Silk Road, leading 【5】many discoveries and 【6】 (study), and most of all,a renewed interest in the history of these routes.

Today, many historic buildings and monuments still stand, 【7】 (mark) the passage of the Silk Road through hotels, ports and cities. What's more, the long-standing legacy（遗产）of this【8】(remark) network is reflected in a large number of cultures, languages, customs and religions that 【9】(develop) for many years along these routes. The passage of merchants and travelers of many different nationalities resulted not only in commercial exchange, but in a widespread and continual process of cultural interaction. Obviously,it has become 【10】driving force in the formation of diverse societies.

作文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删 除或修改。

增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(夷)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除: 把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改: 在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意: 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Dear Sir,

I’m writing to express my dissatisfaction about the mobile phone buying on 20th Apr.2015. Ten days before that, it didn’t ring or send text messages, but I took it to the seller. He tells me that the model had been sold out and I had to wait at least three month for a new one. Later, I went to a repair shop there I wanted to have it repaired. However, the repairman said it was difficulty to fix it because it was a new version. I was so desperate on hear that. Therefore, I sincerely hope you can help with me. I would greatly appreciate if you could solve the problem as soon as possible.

Sincerely yours,

Li Hua

One of the first things before the first bell rings is to set up his tripod(三脚架) and iPad in the middle of the classroom. This technology is Mr. Woo's core tool of the trade. "I'm Mr. Woo. I record my lessons. I record all of them. In fact, I'm about to record this one," he explains to his new maths class.

The unique approach to teaching mathematics has not gone unnoticed. Mr. Woo is arguably the most famous teacher in Australia - a maths teacher by day and an internet sensation(轰动) by night.

He started posting videos online in 2012 for a student who was sick with cancer and missing a lot of school. Other students in the class then wanted to watch Mr. Woo's videos on his free YouTube channel and website, so he started sharing them across the country and beyond. Wootube now boasts more than 38,000 subscribersc用户 ) and has attracted almost 4 million views worldwide.

Cherrybrook Technology High School principal Gary Johnson said Mr. Woo was helping address a standing shortage of maths teachers in Australia, and making maths popular again. “ He has an ability to simplify mathematics to a level where kids can really understand it," Mr. Johnson said.

12-year-old student Emily Shakespear said Mr. Woo's teaching style made maths irresistible. "I don't want to say it, but he sucked me into maths," she said. Owen Potter, who attends high school in Cobar, agreed. "It's difficult to understand how someone in Sydney can influence thousands of people across the whole country," he said.

Mr. Woo won the 2017 University of Sydney Young Alumni Award for Outstanding Achievement, and he was one of 12 Australian teachers honored at the Commonwealth Bank Teaching Awards.

【1】Eddie Woo set up an iPad in the middle of the classroom with the purpose of

A.listening to musicB.playing a video

C.recording his classD.showing pictures

【2】What can we infer from the statistics in the fourth paragraph?

A.Mr. Woo's teaching videos online are very popular.

B.Mr. Woo had made a lot of money by selling videos.

C.Mr. Woo posted videos online helping many adults.

D.Mr. Woo created his Wootube in 2012 in Sydney.

【3】According to Gary Johnson, Mr. Woo's maths lessons are

A.difficult to followB.easy to understand

C.simple to handleD.challenging to learn

【4】What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A.Mr. Woo is the most well-known maths teacher in Australia.

B.Mr. Woo graduated from the University of Sydney with honors.

C.Mr. Woo won the Commonwealth Bank Teaching Awards.

D.Mr. Woo's contributions to teaching have been recognized.