She was separated from others for nearly two weeks at the regional Northern Virginia hospital where she'd delivered. During that time, she could still pump breast milk, but Ariyah couldn't consume it because of the risk of infection. Without it, the newborn was particularly easily affected by diseases. There are many cases like this, which creates the need for the milk donation.

Enter donor milk breast milk purchased by hospitals for mothers who aren't able to produce enough milk on their own, due to health complications, stresses, or other factors. The milk comes from milk banks, organizations that collect and screen breast milk from those women willing to donate. Usually processed in intensive-care units, the milk is only available by prescription.

In recent years, both milk banks and the use of donated human milk have risen swiftly in the United States. In 2011, 22 percent of NICUs used donor breast milk; four years later, that number doubled to nearly 40 percent, and went even higher for the most intensive NICUs — as much as 75 percent. There are 23 milk banks in the United States recognized by the Human Milk Banking Association of North America, or HMBANA, double the number that existed five years ago.

But as the demand for donor milk rises, banks must find more charitable donors — a task made more complicated by informal networks of milk sharing that happens online. And many of the most vulnerable infants are still not being reached.

【1】Jovan couldn't feed her baby Ariyah on her breast milk because_______.

A.Ariyah was a premature babyB.Jovan couldn't produce enough milk

C.Jovan was separated from othersD.Jovan was in poor health.

【2】By telling the story of Ariyah and her mother, the writer wants to______.

A.tell us what to do if mothers cannot produce enough milk.

B.remind us of the importance of breastfeeding the newborn.

C.introduce the topic of an increasing need for donated human milk.

D.warn us against the risk of the newborn being affected by diseases.

【3】How is the writer's idea mainly developed in Paragraph 4?

A.By following time order.B.By listing statistics.

C.By giving examples.D.By making predictions.

【4】What problem are milk banks now faced with?

A.It's difficult to find enough charitable donors.

B.networks of milk looking for donors online are informal.

C.The milk purchased from milk banks cannot reach infants' home.

D.The number of women willing to donate breast milk are decreasing.

The high cost of living has made it necessary for many women to have jobs outside the home ,but women often choose to have jobs in order to use their skills and education or to seek a more fulfilling and interesting life .Many American women enjoy the independence that an outside job and the salary give men and even some women—sometimes are not for women working outside the home ,and in some cases ,a woman might be paid less than a man who performs the same job .【5】.

A. As the roles of women have changed, so have men’s

B. The woman may earn as much or more money than her husband

C. Mother might be outside mowing the lawn or washing the car

D. Today many American women will not marry a man who is not willing to share equally in household responsibilities

E. American women, however, have met challenges since pioneer days ,and they continue to work for true equality

F. women didn’t play an important role in the past

G. women in America were not happy in the past

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

As a saying go, “Pressure is another form of motive power”. However, many people can’t deal with pressure in an appropriate way so they become more anxiously. Seriously, it may cause many terrible personal problem. But how can you deal with pressure? To begin with, anybody has pressure, but you should accept the pressure. If you are in deep pressure, you can distract your attention by doing some interested things, like running,crafting or listening to music. Secondly, you should talk to family members and friends to reducing the stress, maybe they can give you some practical advice. Thirdly, you are need to learn how to self-adjust, that is the most effective way to help yourself. In word, pressure is an inevitable part of your life. You are supposed to make the most of it to promote ourselves.

The main source of public transport in London revolves around the Underground (or the Tube as it is known to Londoners). This network of 12 lines can get you to most places in the center of the city quickly.

It’s almost necessary to get an Oyster Card or a Travelcard. Single tickets are priced starting at the intentionally absurd price of 4.80 (Zone1-3), if you pay cash. Using an Oyster Card, a single fare is 2.30 if you are traveling within the central Zone 1.

On hot days it is also advisable to take a bottle of water with you as Underground trains are not air-conditioned.

Last trains leave central London at around 00:30 weekdays, 23:30 Sundays. First trains leave the suburbs at around 5:00.

The Bus System

Outside the center of London, Tube Stations are farther apart, so buses help fill the gaps. Also, the bus offers a cheaper alternative, even if it is a slower journey.

Cash fares for London buses have been abolished — you cannot pay cash. A bus fare costs 1.50 if people only use buses, and the fare is capped at 4.40 per day for Oyster or contactless card users.

Light Rail and Trains

You can think of the Docklands Light Railway (DLR) and the Tramlink as extensions of the Underground, Travelcards purchased at Tube Stations in East London. The DLR connects with a number of the other train services (including connections at Tower Hill or Bank Stations) and can be used to reach Greenwich, Canary Wharf, and Stratford.

River Services

There are a number of different routes along the River Thames. The faster commuter services operate all day from Greenwich Pier to Embankment and from Putney and Chelsea harbour to Blackfriars during Peak Hours only. These routes will pass a number of places of interest including the Houses of Parliament and London Bridge. A return fare from Putney to Blackfriars will cost about 12 pounds.

National Rail

Once you leave Central London or if you are traveling South of the River Thames, the best public transport option will often be National Rail. There are numerous connections to the Rail System from the Tube. Travelcards can be used for travel on the National Rail (but not the Heathrow Express). Oyster cards can be used up to Zone 6 except certain services including Heathrow Express, Heathrow Connect and HS1.

【1】When taking the London Underground, you _______.

A.should buy tickets with cash

B.can go to any place in London quickly

C.can save more money with a single ticket

D.are advised to take a bottle of water along on hot days

【2】If you use river services along the River Thames, you will pass _______.

A.London BridgeB.Stratford

C.Canary WharfD.Tower Hill

【3】To travel South of the River Thames, it is recommended that you use _______.

A.the London UndergroundB.the Bus System

C.the DLR and the TramlinkD.National Rail

【1】For many older people, driving is important for preserving their ___________( independent).

【2】I owe an _________( apologize) to you because I have failed to accompany you to the bookstore.

【3】The elevator doors slid open, and a couple, ______ (dress) in elegant coats, appeared with shopping bags.

【4】You go ahead, and I’ll catch up on some sports news while _______( wait).

【5】To be brief, great changes _______( take) place in our school over the past three years.

【6】The naughty child ought to be punished. You couldn’t have him_____(behave) rudely to the elderly.

【7】After wandering in the forest, we found ourselves _____ (lose) in a strange path.

【8】It was not until last year _____ they informed the public of the serious problem.

【9】She has written many articles, some of _____are intended for students poor in English.

【10】In fact, tradition also refer ____ the things that have been developing and that are still being created.

To have a fruitful discussion, teachers need to decide what seating arrangement is best for their own class and be prepared to experiment with different methods.【1】 method is adopted, it should help and be productive of dialogue between children as well as between teacher and child. Within the physical setting, children and teachers should agree 【2】 a discussion takes place.

Why are rules necessary for discussion? This may be a question to ask the children. If children are given freedom to talk, why are there rules that will restrict that freedom? The golden rule is of course that one’s own freedom 【3】 not interfere with the freedom of others. Individuals within a democratic community have equal rights. A child who talks all the time 【4】(deny) the rights of others to be heard. Each person should be allowed an equal chance to speak and to put forward their own point of view and if we wish 【5】listen) to, then we should listen to others. There is no point giving a point of view 【6】 someone is listening.【7】 of us are capable of listening to more than one person at a time, so another basic rule should be: only one person to speak at a time. Listening implies not only hearing the words but paying attention to the meaning of 【8】 is being said. This is not a natural thing for children to do. School is typically a place where children learn to listen to the teacher but not to each other. The skills of listening need to be practiced. The ideal discussion,【9】 everyone listens to the speaker and then each is allowed to reply, is rare among adults, let alone children. It works 【10】 (well) when certain ground-rules for discussion are followed.

Difficult decisions like these remind me of a comment made by Scott McNealy, CEO of Sun Microsystems for years during a lecture while I was in a business school at Stanford. He was asked how he made decisions and responded, “Its important to make good decisions. But I spend much less time and energy worrying about making the right decision and much more time and energy ensuring that any decision I make turns out right.”

In fact, before we make any decisions, particularly those difficult ones, were anxious to focus on identifying the “best” option because of the risk of being “wrong”. But a side effect of that mindset(观念模式) is that we pay too much attention to the moment of choice and lose sight of everything that follows. Its what happens next that finally determines whether a given decision was “right”．

Another aspect of this mindset is that our focus on making the “right” decision can easily lead to paralysis(麻痹), because the options were choosing among are so difficult to rank in the first place. How can we definitively determine in advance what career path will be “the best”， or what job offer we should accept? Obviously, we cant.

Focusing on the effort after our decision not only helps us succeed, but also reminds us that we play a role in every outcome. Our control should be in our day-to-day activities rather than in our one-time decision.

【1】What is the authors job?

A. To teach people to choose good careers.

B. To tell people how to adapt to a new city.

C. To help people make a vital choice.

D. To advise people to ask for a high salary.

【2】Which of the following about Scott McNealy is TRUE?

A. He tries his best to make his decision right in the end.

B. He never cares about whether his decision is good or not.

C. Making decisions is not very important for him.

D. He only focuses on the process rather than the outcome.

【3】Most people feel anxious when making an important decision because they ________.

A. dont know what to do next

B. cant find a good coach to give them advice

C. worry about the undesired result it may bring about

D. have no idea of what to expect

【4】What is the text mainly about?

A. Making the right decision is very important.

B. Stop worrying about making the right decision.

C. Believe in yourself and choose what you want.

D. Help others make the right decision.

注意：1. 词数100左右 (开头和结合已给出，但不计入总词数)；

2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Sally,

I'm writing to tell you about my ideas about taking part in various camp activities.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

We called animal doctor Jeremiah Poghon immediately. He removed the head of a poisoned arrow from the elephants body, and let out over 100 litters of pus(脓)—the result of the elephants meeting with a poacher(偷猎者) months before.

Todays poacher shoots from a blind. He fires an arrow, covered with poison, into the body of an elephant. If the poacher is lucky, the elephant might die in an hour or two; if not, he might have to follow the elephant for days before it dies. Often the arrow head fails to kill the elephant at once—it doesnt mean the poison wont finally kill the elephant, but it will be a slow death. Living in Tsavo through these times, I could see the results of poaching from time to time.

When I think about the death of that elephant, what stays with me is the extraordinary silence after the shocking sound of his body hitting the ground. I took some comfort from the knowledge that as the dead body returned to the soil, some animals would benefit—but I couldnt escape the feeling that with the death of such a large animal, the world seemed a poorer and emptier place.

【1】While filming near the water hole, the author and his team ________.

A. knew the elephant was injured

B. found the elephant acted violently

C. thought the elephant was in good condition

D. tried their best to save the elephant

【2】Further examination showed that the dead elephant ________.

A. had wounds all over it

B. had suffered a lot

C. had drunk some deadly water

D. had had a good fight with a poacher

【3】Further examination showed that the dead elephant ________.

A. Embarrassed.

B. Funny

C. Relieved

D. Upset

【4】Why did the author write the text?

A. To introduce African elephant.

B. To ask readers to protect wild animals.

C. To describe his filming experience.

D. To show the cruelty of poaching.

Moods and Emotions

Moods, say the experts, are emotions that tend to become fixed, 【1】 (influence) one's outlook for hours, days or even weeks. That's great 【2】 your mood is a pleasant one, which is likely to motivate you, but a problem if you are sad, anxious, angry【3】 simply lonely.

Perhaps the best way to deal with such moods is to talk them out; sometimes , though, there is no one 【4】(listen) when you need audience. Modern medicine offers an abundance of tranquilizers(镇静剂)， antidepressants and anti-anxiety drugs. 【5】many people don't realize, however, is that scientists have discovered the effectiveness of several non-drug approaches to make you loose from an unwanted mood. These can be just as useful as drugs, and have the added benefit of being nonpoisonous, So next time you feel out of sorts, don't head for the drug-store but 【6】 (try) the following approach.

Of all the mood altering self-help techniques, aerobic -exercise seems to be 【7】(efficient)cure for a bad mood. "If you 【8】keep the exercise, you would be in high spirits, "says Kathryn Lance, author of Running for Health and Beauty.

Researchers have explained biochemical and various other changes that make exercise compare favorably to drugs 【9】a mood-raiser. Physical efforts such as housework, however, do little. The key is aerobic exercise ---running , cycling, walking, swimming or other repetitive and sustained activities 【10】boost the heart rate, increase circulation and improve the body's utilization of oxygen. Do them for at least 20 minutes a session three to five times a week.