The emoji was first invented in Japan in the late 1990s and the word “emoji” comes from the Japanese words for “picture” and “character”. The number of different images has greatly increased since then and now we have a picture for nearly every mood or situation.

Why are emojis widely used today? Professor Vyv Evans says, “Increasingly, what we’re finding is that digital communication is replacing face-to-face talk in some ways. One of the reasons why emojis are so interesting is that they really do enable us to express our emotional selves much more effectively.”

Another advantage of emojis is that they are an international language—they don’t use words but tell a message with pictures so they can be easily understood whatever your native language is.

But as linguist (语言学家) Neil Cohn says, “To many, emojis are an exciting evolution (进化) of the way we communicate; but to others, they are linguistic Armageddon.” It does show by using emojis, there is a lot more to our communication than words alone, but does this also mean that the traditional writing will die out one day?

【1】What is implied(暗示) in Paragraph 2?

A. The emoji was first invented in Japan.

B. The word “emoji” only means “picture” and “character”.

C. More and more pictures are used to express our mood today.

D. The number of emoji images will increase rapidly in the future.

【2】Why do people use emojis so widely?

A. Emojis can never be misunderstood.

B. Emojis are similar to some native languages.

C. Emojis make us communicate more effectively.

D. Emojis can replace face-to-face communication.

【3】What does the phrase “linguistic Armageddon” mean?

A. The power of languages.

B. The beauty of languages.

C. The development of languages.

D. The disappearance of languages.

【4】What is the structure of the passage?

A. B.

C. D.

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下画—横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Today is Mother’s Day. I love mother so much that I’ve done many things for him. In the morning I buy some flowers with my pocket money and put them in a vase. In the afternoon, I went to buy some vegetable and cooked simple but delicious dinner for my family. After the meal, I gave mother a card what I made myself and said “Happy Mother’s Day” to her. Then I told her to pay more attention on her health and not overwork. I also promised to help her to do some housework from today on. Heard the words, mother was moved to tears.

Today is a specially day, warm but meaningful.

Babies don't learn to talk just from hearing sounds. They are lipreaders too. It happens during the stage when a baby's babbling (咿呀声) gradually changes from unclear voices into that first “mama” or “dada”. The baby in order to do like you has to figure out how to shape their lips to make that particular sound they are hearing, according to developmental psychologist David Lewkowicz of Florida Atlantic University, who led the study.

Apparently it doesn't take them too long to absorb the movements that match basic sounds. By their first birthdays, babies start changing back to look you in the eye again. It offers more evidence that quality facetime with babies is very important for speech development more than, say, turning on the latest baby DVD.

But Lewkowicz went a step further. He and his student Amy HansenTift tested nearly 180 babies, groups of them at ages 4,6,8,10 and 12 months. How? They showed videos of a woman speaking in English or Spanish to babies of English speakers. They found that when the speaker used English, the 4montholds gazed mostly into her eyes. The 6montholds spent equal amounts of time looking at the eyes and the mouth. The 8and 10montholds studied mostly the mouth. At 12 months, attention started changing back toward the speaker's eyes.

But what happened when these babies accustomed to English heard Spanish? The 12montholds studied the mouth longer, just like younger babies. They needed the extra information to recognize the unfamiliar sounds. That fits with research into bilingualism (双语) that shows babies' brains adjust themselves to distinguishing the sounds of their native language over other languages in the first year of life.

The continued lipreading shows the 1yearolds clearly still are fit for learning. Babies are so hard to study that this is “a fairly heroic data set”， says Duke University cognitive neuroscientist Greg Appelbaum, who found the research so fascinating that he wants to know more.

【1】According to the first paragraph, babies________.

A．might get its voice “mama” by lipreading

B．learn to talk just from hearing the sounds

C．like to figure out how to shape their lips

D．communicate with parents through gestures

【2】What is necessary in developing babies' speech according to Lewkowicz?

A．Playing baby DVD nearby.

B．Teaching babies to read English.

C．Speaking with babies face to face.

D．Speaking different languages in front of babies.

【3】Which of the following shows the right change of babies' eye gaze according to the text?

【4】What would be the best title of the text?

A．Babies Have Different Methods to Talk

B．Babies Try Lipreading in Learning to Talk

C．Babies Are Suitable to Learn Two Languages

D．Babies Can Easily Accept Foreign Language

增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(/\)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Today, my presentation is about A-Long, a online painter, and his paintings. A-Long is fond of Chinese national treasures, the giant panda. Recently, she has combined the panda image with various internationally famous paintings, caused Internet excitement, He has been planning to do these creative paintings for some time, and are glad that So many people like their style. After all, Chinese giant pandas are born to be models and can be easily adapted so many oil paintings. He paid attention to Chinese traditional paintings, and western masterpieces as well as. His strong belief is what the Chinese panda matches good not only the Chinese style elements but also the world culture.

Robots performing tasks according to a predetermined set of instructions are nothing new.But robots able to learn how to cook by watching videos are a completely different approach, which is conducted by a group of researchers at the University of Maryland.

If you have posted a video of your favorite recipe on the popular website YouTube, chances are that it will be used by a robot.University of Maryland's professor Yiannis Aloimonos, leader of the group, said “There exists a large amount of video information on the Internet that our robots can capitalize_on.”

“At present, the videos are fed electronically，”said research scientist Cornelia Fermuller.“Originally, we took our own videos, our cameras looking at us doing the cooking，”she explained.“And, as the robot advances, it reacts to good quality videos.And it will react to even lower quality homemade videos.”

So far, the robot named Julia can make a simple salad by breaking each task into basic parts, such as grasping a spoon, bringing it to the bowl, stirring the salad and observing the results.

But why teach a robot how to understand a video when it can easily follow a fixed program？Aloimonos believes predetermined instructions lack flexibility.He thinks one of the problems is how to make the robot understand and use what it learns during a certain task, the socalled feedback (反馈意见); another is the introduction of language.

“I believe it will take quite some time before the robots are able to understand metaphorical (比喻性的) laguage，”he added.“But，” he said，“we don't need that to create a new world where the robots will be working for us.”

【1】The underlined phrase “capitalize on” in Paragraph 2 probably can be replaced by ________.

A．take hold of B．make use of

C．keep track of D．catch sight of

【2】Aloimonos probably agrees that at present the robot ________.

A．can not fully digest what it learns

B．can not make a simple salad

C．can follow homemade videos

D．can understand metaphorical language

【3】Robots are taught to understand a video mainly because ________.

A．they can easily follow fixed programs

B．they are smart enough to learn cooking

C．cooking videos are more interesting to watch

D．predetermined instructions are not flexible

【4】Which of the following might best serve as the title of the passage?

A．Robots Creating a New World

B．Robots Making Cooking Videos

C．Robots Learning to Cook by Watching Videos

D．Robots Performing Tasks by Following Instructions

【题目】

A lot of people are determined to become a millionaire. They spend half their time 【1】ways of getting rich, and the rest of their time thinking about all the enjoyable things they would do once they got rich. Some millionaires continue to 【2】 money when they become millionaires. But Charles Gray is one of the people who have 【3】 their millions. He used to be a college professor with a huge six-bedroom house and $ 2 million. However, he 【4】 being a person who had everything in a world where many people had nothing. Therefore, he 【5】 to give all his money away.

Now he appreciates this change and feels much happier.

Many of the world's countries have reached or are approaching zero population growth (ZPG). Nearly all such lands are economically well developed. They include much of Europe (including Russia), the United States, Canada, Japan, and Australia. As the rate of natural increase (RNI) declines, two things happen. First, the population begins to decline if the loss is not balanced by immigration. Second, a country's population ages because there are fewer births.

Is achieving ZPG good or bad? What happens when a country's population begins to drop? Many people, after all, believe that population decline is a good thing. But is it good for everyone? Does everyone agree?

An aging population can create many problems. Senior citizens require more health care and medical attention. Rather than paying into retirement programs, they begin to draw from their pensions. In the US, the Social Security program, according to many experts, will be used up by 2018. It will pay out more money than it takes in. Additionally, a great number of jobs go begging in search of people willing or able to do them. Many of these jobs are entrylevel positions that pay low wages. With an aging population, who will fill them? At the other extreme, some positions require a large number of training and highly specialized skills. Who will fill these positions as retirees leave the workforce?

The answer to the problem of declining and aging population is simple: increased migration. Today many people, particularly those from less developed countries, are migrating in search of employment. Many are willing to take jobs that cannot (or will not) be filled by the_domestic_population. Others are well educated and highly skilled. Both groups contribute to a country's economy progress in many ways. Further, they add to the richness of a country's culture. Of greatest importance, perhaps, is the fact that they have become absolutely necessary to the economy of many lands. As you can see, for many countries and for most immigrants, migration is a winwin situation.

【1】In the writer's view, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A．Not everyone agrees that achieving ZPG is absolutely good.

B．Achieving ZPG is every country's aim in spite of its side effects.

C．Achieving ZPG is bad for senior citizens.

D．Achieving ZPG is good for employment.

【2】According to the passage, the best way to solve the problem of declining and aging population is ________.

A．to improve the health care system

B．to increase RNI

C．to increase employment

D．to increase migration

【3】The underlined words “the domestic population” can be replaced by ________.

A．people within the country

B．people from developing countries

C．people without a college education

D．people living abroad

【4】The main idea of the last paragraph is ________.

A．the advantages of increased migration

B．the problem of declining and aging population

C．how to increase migration

D．some ways to enrich a country's culture

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Jim is one of my close friend. Two months before, his mother bought a computer for him as a birthday present. She hoped Jim will study hard with the help of the computer. To her surprise, Jim just spent a plenty of time play computer games every day. He was interested them. Now he regrets buying the computer. As the matter of fact, a computer can do a lot of everyday jobs for us. It is wide used in factories, hospitals, banks and so on. Many computer scientists are now trying to make the computer “think” like a man. In my opinion, the key is what we should use it wisely.

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均限一词;

2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Dear Tom,

It's my honor to share my dream university to you. I'm glad to tell you that my dream university is Peking University, that is one of the best university in the world.

There are several reasons how I'd like Peking University. At the first, it has first-class teaching staff and equipment, which will help me make progress quickly. Secondly, it is famous for their positive academic atmosphere where students study hardly to meet new challenges. And at last, my brother, who studies there, says he is very satisfying with the university.

It’s not easy enter Peking University, but I think my dream will come true if I worked hard.

Could you tell me something about your dream university?

Yours,

Li Hua

The term “smog” was first used in London during the early 1900's to describe the combination of smoke and fog. What we typically call “smog” today is a mixture of pollutants but is primarily made up of groundlevel ozone (臭氧)．

Ozone can be beneficial or harmful depending on where it stays. The ozone staying high above the Earth protects human health and the environment, but groundlevel ozone is responsible for the choking, coughing, and painful eyes associated with smog. The ozone in smog also prevents plants growth and can cause widespread damage to crops and forest.

Major smog occurrences often are linked to heavy motor vehicle traffic, high temperatures, sunshine, and calm winds. Weather and geography affect the position and severity of smog. Because temperature regulates the length of time it takes for smog to form, smog can form faster and be more severe on a hot and sunny day. When warm air stays near the ground instead of rising and winds are calm, smog may stay trapped over your city for days. As traffic and other sources add more pollutants to the air, the smog gets worse. Smog is often more severe away from the pollution sources because the chemical reactions that cause smog occur in the atmosphere while the reacting chemicals are being moved by the wind.

Smog is a visible example of air pollution. You can look into the distance during the day to see how much smog there is in the air. span>In addition, most cities measure the concentrations of pollutants in the air and report the results to the public.

Environmental Protection Agency sets national standards for pollutants. Areas that fail to meet the standards for at least one air pollutant are called “nonattainment (不达标) areas”. New measures are being taken by local governments across the country to reduce air pollution in nonattainment areas. These include: banning charcoal barbecues and wood burning in stoves or fireplaces when pollution levels are high; developing programs to encourage carpooling and voluntary “ozone actions”； limiting traffic in overcrowded areas; expanding or improving public transportation systems; requiring employers to contribute to employee public transportation costs; assessing “smog fees” on cars according to the number of miles driven and vehicle emissions (排放) produced; and even buying and breaking up older “superdirty” cars.

【1】According to the passage, groundlevel ozone can______.

A．damage the environment

B．benefit human health

C．protect crops and forest

D．limit the spread of smog

【2】Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Air quality is better in time of calm wind.

B．Smog is more severe near pollution sources.

C．It takes more time for smog to form in hot weather.

D．Chemical reactions occur in the moving air and cause smog.

【3】Which indication shows more exact the air is poor?

A．Heavy motor vehicle traffic in big cities.

B．Widespread damage of crops and forest.

C．Clear outlines of hills in the distance.

D．High concentrations of pollutants in the air.

【4】What is included in the measures being taken by the local governments?

A．Uncondtional banning of wood burning.

B．Encouraging carpooling and public transportation.

C．Charging all the vehicles more “smog fees”．

D．Buying new cars to replace superdirty old cars.