Since many of you are planning to study at a college or university in this country, you may be curious
to know what you usually do in a typical week, how you can get along with your fellow students, and so
on. These are the questions I want to discuss with you today.
     First, let's talk about what your weekly schedule will look like. No matter what your major may be, you
can expect to spend between four and six hours a week for each class attending lectures. Lectures are
usually in very large rooms because some courses such as introduction to sociology or economics often have
as many as two or three hundred students, especially at large universities. In lectures, it's very important for
you to take notes on what the professor says because the information a lecture is often different from the
information in your textbooks. Also, you can expect to have exam questions based on the lectures. So it isn't
enough to just read your textbooks; you have to attend lectures as well. In a typical week you will also have
a couple of hours of discussion for every class you take. The discussion section is a small group meeting
usually with fewer than thirty students where you can ask questions about the lectures, the reading, and the
homework. In large universities, graduate students, called teaching assistants, usually direct discussion
sections.
     If your major is chemistry, or physics, or another science, you'll also have to spend several hours a week
in the lab, or laboratory, doing experiments. This means that science majors spend more time in the classroom
than non science majors do. On the other hand, people who major in subjects like literature or history usually
have to read and write more than science majors do.

1. The main purpose of this text is _____.

A. to help the students to learn about university life
B. to persuade the students to attend lectures
C. to encourage the students to take part in discussions
D. to advise the students to choose proper majors

2. We can learn from the passage that university professors _____.

A. spend about 5 hours on lectures each week
B. must join the students in the discussion sections
C. prefer to use textbooks in their lectures
D. require the students to read beyond the textbooks

3.A discussion section does NOT include _____.

A. working under the guidance of university professors
B. talking over what the students have read about the courses
C. discussing the problems related to the students' homework
D. raising questions about what a professor has said in a lecture

4. According to the author, science majors _____.

A. have to work harder than non science majors
B. spend less time on their studies than non science majors
C. consider experiments more important than discussions
D. read and write less than non science majors

1. The phrase "to sleep on a problem" in Paragraph 1 most likely means "________".    

A. to pay full attention to a problem
B. to wait until the next day for a decision
C. to sleep to forget a problem  
D. to have difficulty in sleeping

2. In the study by the US research team, students were asked to ________.    

A. put together words of similar meanings
B. remember words and their meanings
C. show their knowledge of words  
D. make up lists of related words

3. Which of the following may be easier to remember?

A. Themes learned right before the test.
B. Rules from personal experiences. 
C. Words learned before a good sleep.
D. Ideas stored together in the brain.

4. What may be the importance of the research?

A. It shows that sleep may help us manage information. 
B. It helps find out the common themes of words.
C. It tells us that more sleep can improve health.
D. It proves the value of old-fashioned advice.

     How soon will it be before robots become so intelligent that will be able to do things, such as teaching
languages or looking after patients in hospital? Some experts believe this will happen within twenty years
while others disagree.
     One London company, UAS (Universal Automated Systems) has already developed machines that can be used as "home helps" for old people unable to look after themselves and who are living on their own or
in special homes.These machines can now do such things as cooking eggs and cleaning the floor, and the
company says that future models still accept simple voice instructions and be controlled by a " brain" that is the equivalent(当量) of the latest IBM microcomputer. The director of USA, Mr Henry Jeffries, believes
that in the next five to ten years companies will have developed even more sophisticated(复杂的) robots
for use in industry. By this time, it is likely that they will also have begun to sell new forms of these
machines into ordinary homes. Robots could do a wide range of household tasks, such as preparing meals, washing dishes, cleaning the house and so on. By then, the price of such machines may have come down to as little as $1 000.
     But Dr Sandra Lomax, who has done research into artificial(人工的) intelligence at Sussex University
and MIT ( Massachusetts Institute of Technology) believes we have a long way to go before we can
develop truly intelligent machines,
     "Preparing an omelette (煎蛋)  may seem easy enough. But suppose one of the eggs has gone bad,
even the most "intelligent" robot would probably still use it. If something slightly unusual needs
doing-something that requires even a little bit of ordinary human imagination, a robot is useless. They need programming for even the simplest of tasks and are not able to leam from experience. And teaching a
robot how to recognize a bad egg is far more difficult than teaching it to prepare the omelette the egg goes
into," she says.

1. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?      

A. Servants of the Future
B. How to Make Robots
C. Robots More Clever Than Man
D.The Robots and People

2. Dr Sandra Lomax thinks that .         .     

A. no robot will ever be able to prepare an omelette
B.a robot will soon be able to do unusual house- work people can't do
C. we can programme a robot to learn from experience
D. making an omelette is easier for a robot than recognizing a bad egg

3. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to this passage?      

A. All experts agree that there will soon be robots that can teach languages and look after patients in
     hospital.
B. Dr Sandra Lomax believes there are very great problems in developing intelligent robots.
C. Robots have taken an important part in people's daily life.
D. Such machines are already being sold into ordinary homes.

4. A London company called UAS has already developed a machine which _      .      

A. can teach languages and care for the patients in hospital
B. can help old people do certain jobs in the house
C.is controlled by microcomputer "brain"
D. can accept simple voice instructions

5. The director of UAS believes that in the next five to  ten years new forms of machines will         .      

A. be able to "think" with their own brains and do  anything with imagination
B. cost much less than $1 000
C. be used more in ordinary homes than in industry
D. do more housework

   The sea has always interested man. From it he can get food, minerals, and treasure. For thousands of years,
he could sail on it. But he could not go far beneath its surface.
    Man wants to explore deep into the sea. However, he is not a fish. He must breathe air, so he can't stay
under the water's surface for any length of time. To explore deep water, man faces even more dangers and
problems.
    A diver who wants to stay under water for more than a few minutes must breathe air or a special mixture
of gases. He can wear a diving suit and have air pumped to him from above. He can carry a tank of air on his
back and breathe through a hose and a mouthpiece. Water weighs 800 times as much as air. Tons of water
pushes against a diver deep in the sea. His body is under great pressure.
    When a diver is under great pressure, his blood takes in some of the gases he breathes. As he rises to
surface, the water pressure becomes less. If the diver rises too quickly, the gases in his blood form bubbles
(气泡). The diver is then suffering from the bends. The bends can cause a diver to double up in pain. They
can even kill him.

1. On the whole, this text is about _____.

A. special mixtures of gases in deep sea
B. the problems a diver faces in deep sea
C. air pressure under the surface of sea water
D. a kind of illness that man suffers in the sea

2. The text does not say so, but it makes you think that _____.

A. deep-sea divers should be in good health
B. divers explore the deep sea only for treasure
C. there is a special mixture of gases under the sea
D. diving under the water too quickly causes a kind of illness

3. Why does a diver get the bends?

A. The air in his blood is used up
B. His diving suit weighs too much
C. He comes to the surface too quickly
D. He tries to do exercise under the sea

4. From the text we can learn that _____.

A. man cannot stay under water for more than a few minutes
B. the sea began to interest man in the last few years
C. all divers will get the bends sooner or later
D. the bends may kill a diver

A．Half of these children were given a normal infant (幼儿) formula for 9 months.
B．When they grow up,they might have high blood pressure.
C．These babies have very little energy because they are so small.
D．Six to eight years later,the researchers gave the children a series of measurements and tests.
E．The results were quite surprising.
F．Tiny babies will grow much slower if they are not specially fed.
G．His advice to parents:Be patient.Don't rush a child's growth.

       It’s true that teens don’t get enough sleep，but changing the school starting time would have a chaoticeffect and throw everyone off balance.
       Scientists have shown that teens are more active later at night than children and adults，so most
teens areprobably staying up later for whatever reasons.“The researchers measured the presence of the
sleeppromoting hormone (荷尔蒙) in teenagers’ saliva (唾液) at different time of the day.They learned
that the hormone levels rise later at night than they do in children and adults-and remain at a higher level
later in the morning.Measuring the hormone in the saliva is a good way to show that most teens have
sleep problems，but changing school schedules isn’t the best way to fix this.Most people arguing against
changing school schedules would say that it would only cause teens to stay up and wake up later，thus
leaving them with the same problem.
      The biggest problem schools would come across from changing their schedules would be the after
school and job conflicts students and teachers would meet.“Teachers reported that students were more
alert，and research showed that afterschool sports and jobs would suffer.Students in that area might have been able to deal with less time for jobs and sports somehow，but some of them have practice and earlier plans that would become conflicted if this change were to occur.Most students rarely have time to play a
sport and do homework before 9 or 10 o’clock.Opening schools later may have worked for some areas，but the reality is often very different.

1．The meaning of the underlined word “chaotic”in the 1st paragraph is close to________.

A．positive 
B．apparent
C．negative 
D．ambiguous

2．Most teens have sleep problems because________.

A．they are more active than children and adults
B．school work takes up most of their time
C．their hormone levels are higher later at night
D．they probably like staying up for no reason

3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．There are many conflicts between students and teachers.
B．Some of the teachers have practice and earlier plans.
C．Most students are able to do sport and homework before 9?00.
D．Ways to solve students’ sleep problem vary from area to area.

4．The passage mainly develops by________.

A．giving reasons  
B．showing examples
C．comparing facts 
D．offering solutions

    The over55s who grew up watching blackandwhite programs and films are more likely to dream in grey,
research suggests.
    And the under25s who have watched color TV all their lives tend to have colorful adventures in_the_
land_of_nod.
    Research from the first half of the 20th century,especially in the 1930s and 1950s,suggested that most
dreams are in black and white.
    But results from tests in the 1960s and later suggested that up to 80 per cent of dreams contain some
colors.
    Since this period marked the transition  (过渡) from blackandwhite films and TV to widespread
Technicolor (彩色印片法),an obvious explanation was that television was influencing dreams,but
differences  between  the  studies  prevented  the researchers from drawing any firm conclusions.
    Later studies asked subjects  (实验对象)  to complete dream diaries immediately they woke up,but  
the  earlier  research  used  questionnaires completed in the middle of the day,so the subjects might have
simply forgotten color elements in their dreams and assumed they were grey.
    To solve the problem,psychologist Eva Murzyn asked 60 subjects,half of whom were under 25 and half
over 55,to answer a questionnaire on the color of their dreams and their childhood exposure (暴露) to
films and TV.
    The subjects then recorded different aspects of their dreams in a diary every morning.
    She found there was no significant difference between results drawn from the questionnaires and the
dream diaries.
    She then analyzed data to find out whether an early exposure to blackandwhite TV or films could still
have a lasting effect on her subjects'dreams,40 years later.
    Less than five per cent of the under25s'dreams were black and white.But the over55s who had access
to blackandwhite media in their younger days reported dreaming in black and white roughly a quarter of
the time.
    Murzyn said,"There could be a critical period in our childhood when watching films has a big influence
on the way dreams are formed." People's attention might be heightened during the time they are watching
TV or films.

1. "this period" in  the fifth paragraph refers to________.

A．the 20th century  
B．the 1930s
C．the 1950s  
D．the 1960s and later

2．The underlined words "in the land of nod" in Paragraph 2 means________.

A．in the evening  
B．during travelling
C．in a dream world  
D．when they are thinking

3．Murzyn's study was different from other studies because  ________.

A．more people of different ages were involved
B．both diaries and questionnaires were used
C．more advanced technology was used
D．subjects were given more time to record their dreams

4．From the passage,we can learn that________.

A．studies on the color of dreams have been going on for many years
B．the results of the previous studies on dreams couldn't be trusted
C．older people are more likely to be influenced by TV viewing
D．the colors of TV sets are more likely to appear in viewers'dreams

5．What is the main idea of the passage?

A．The color of people's dreams changes along with their ages.
B．TV  viewing has  different  influences  on different people.
C．Childhood TV viewing may determine the color of dreams.
D．Childhood TV  viewing  may  influence  a person's later life.

     Americans are thinking about national education standards recently developed by teachers and other
education experts. The National Governors Association (NGA) and the Council of Chief State School
Officers (CCSSO) led the effort.
     The United States, unlike other nations, has never had the same school standards across the country. What is the reason? Education is not discussed in the Constitution.  That document limits the
responsibilities of the federal government. Other responsibilites,     like education, fall to each state.
     Local control of education probably was a good idea two hundred years ago. People stayed in the
same place and schools knew what students needed to learn. But today, people move to different  cities.
And some people work at jobs that did not exist even twenty years ago.
     Many American educators say that getting a good education should not depend on where you live.
They say that some states have lowered their standards in order to increase student scores on tests
required by the No Child Left behind Act.
     Kara Schlosser is communications director for the CCSSO. She says the new standards clearly state
what a student should be able to do to be successful in college and work.
     Forty--eight states have a1ready shown approval for the standards. Two states refuse to accept the
idea. Critics say that working toward the same standards in every state will not guarantee excellence for
all. Some educators in Massachusetts say adopting the national standards will hurt their students because
the state standards are even higher. Others say the change will be too costly, requiring new textbooks
and different kinds of training for teachers. Still others fear federal control.
     Supporters say the standards are goals and do not tell states or teachers how to teach. They also say
the federal government is not forcing acceptance. However, approving the standards will help states
qualify (取得资格)for some federal grant money.

1. What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Local Control of Education Standards out of Date
B. American National Education Standards under Consideration
C. Education Standards in Each State--Good or Bad.
D. Acceptance of the New Standards in the United States

2. Why is local control of education no 1onger a good idea today?

A. Because local standards are limited.
B. Because it is required by the federal government.
C. Because people today moves among states more often than before.
D. Because America has never had the same school standards throughout the  country.

3. Some people are against the nationa1 education standards because__________

A. the standards are higher than those of each state
B. they are not yet prepared for the new standards
C. the standards may prevent some students gaining excellence
D. they don't want the federal government to train their teachers

4. If a state agrees to accept the national standards, it will probably get ________.

A. more students      
B. advice on how to improve teaching
C. better textbooks    
D. money from the federal government