The practice of magic includes special words, actions, and objects. Most magic involves a person
called a magician, who claims to have supernatural powers.
     Magic words. To work most magic, the magician sings or speaks special words in a certain order.
These words are called incantations or spells. Some spells form prayers to demons(魔鬼), spirits, or
other supernatural forces. Many societies believe the magic will not work unless the magician recites the
spells perfectly. Other magic words have no meaning, though they supposedly possess power when
spoken by a magician.
     Magic actions accompany the words spoken in performing much magic. Many of these movements
act out the desired effect of the magic. For example, a magician trying to make rain fall may sprinkle(洒)
water on the ground. The magician's combined words and actions form a ceremony.
     Magic objects include certain plants, stones, and other things with supposed supernatural powers. Any such object may be called a fetish(物神). But this term often refers to an object-for example, a carving
or a dried snake-honored by a tribe for its magic powers. Many tribes believe fetishes have magic power
because spirits live in these objects.
     Many people carry magic objects called amulets(护身符)to protect themselves from harm. Many
amulets are stones or rings engraved(雕刻) with magic symbols.
     The  magician. In some  societies,  nearly  everyone  knows  how to  work  some magic. In other
societies, only experts practice magic.Magicians may be called medicine men, medicine women,shamans,
sorcerers, or witch doctors. In many societies, magicians must inherit their powers. In others, any person
may become a magician by studying the magical arts.
     Many societies believe magicians must observe certain rules and taboos (forbidden actions) for their
spells to work. For example, they may be required not to eat various foods or to avoid sexual activity for
a certain period before the ceremony.

1．What do magic words mean to people in some society?

A．They have the power to kill devils.
B．They have power if magician recites the right spells.
C．They have no effect at all.
D．They can be used whenever they want.

2．People believe magic actions will have an effect if they are accompanied by________.

A．the spells
B．magic objects
C．stones or rings engraved with magic symbols
D．medicine

3．Why do many people believe in a fetish?

A．Because it is often a ring which is worth a lot of money.
B．Because it is carved with magic symbols.
C．Because people think spirits live in it.
D．Because it can help them with many things

1．According to the analysis, compared with normal children today, children treated as mentally ill 50 years ago ________.

A．probably suffered less from anxiety
B．were considered less individualistic
C．were less isolated physically
D．were probably less selfcentered

2．What does the author mean by saying "we can't turn the clock back" in the third paragraph?

A．It's impossible to forget the past.
B．The social reality children are facing cannot be forgotten.
C．It's impossible to slow down the pace of change.
D．Lessons learned from the past should not be forgotten

3．The author thinks that the conclusions of any research about people's state of mind are ________.

A．illogical  
B．confusing
C．surprising  
D．questionable

4．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A．To children, anxiety is completely avoidable.
B．TV and computer play an important role in isolating children from the real world.
C．Exercise does not help to lessen children's anxiety.
D．Sometimes local news about crime and murder also affects children a little

     Japanese high school students either walk or ride bicycles if the distance is not too great. In other cases, students must take public buses and trains. After junior high school, students attend schools based on their high school entrance examination scores. So some students travel a great distance to attend the school.
     At school
     The school day begins at 8:30. Then students assemble in their homeroom classes for the day's studies. Each homeroom has an average of 40-45 students. Students stay in their homeroom classrooms for most
of the school day. Only for physical education, laboratory classes, or other subjects requiring special
facilities(设备) do students move to different parts of the school. Between classes and at lunchtime,
classrooms can be noisy, lively places. Some schools may have a cafeteria(自助餐厅), but most do not.
In most schools, students bring a box lunch from home, prepared by the mother in the early morning hours.
     Japanese students spend 240 days a year at school, 60 days more than American students. Students in high schools take three years' each of the following subjects mathematics, social studies, Japanese, science, and English. Other subjects include physical education, music, art, and moral(道德的) studies. All the
students in one grade level study the same subjects. Given the number of required subjects, electives(选修科目) are few.
     Afterschool Activities
    Club activities take place after school every day.Students can join only one club, and they rarely change clubs from year to year, so the clubs are relatively stable. Clubs are made up of sports clubs ( baseball,
soccer, judo, kendo, etc.) and culture clubs(English, broadcasting, science, etc.). New students usually
are encouraged to select a club shortly after the school year begins in April. Clubs meet for two hours after school each day and many clubs continue to meet during school vacations.

1．Most Japanese high school students often have their lunch________.

A．in restaurants  
B．in school cafeterias
C．at home    
D．in homeroom classrooms

2．Students in the USA go to school________days a year.

A．180  
B．200  
C．240  
D．300

3．The underlined word "rarely" in the fourth paragraph means "________"．

A．always  
B．never  
C．seldom  
D．often

4．From the passage we know that________.

A．there are less than 40 students in each class in Japanese high schools
B．students must stay in homeroom classrooms for physical education
C．there are few subjects for students to choose except the required ones
D．there will not be any club activities during school vacations

     Even plants can run a fever, especially when they're under attack by insects or disease. But unlike
human, plants can have their temperature taken from 3,000 feet away-straight up. A decade ago,
adopting the infrared(红外线)scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites,
physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine which
ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmers precisely target pesticide(杀虫剂)spraying rather than
rain poison on a whole field, which invariably includes plants that don't have pest problems.
      Even better, Paley's Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problems before they
became visible to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3,000 feet at night, an infrared scanner measured
the heat emitted by crops. The data were transformed into a colourcoded map showing where plants
were running "fevers". Farmers could then spotspray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they
otherwise would.
     The bad news is that Paley's company closed down in 1984, after only three years. Farmers resisted
the new technology and longterm backers were hard to find. But with the renewed concern about
pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to get back into operation.
Agriculture experts have no doubt the technology works. "This technique can be used on 75 percent of
agricultural land in the United States, " says George Oerther of Texas A & M. Ray Jackson, who
recently retired from the Department of Agriculture, thinks remote infrared crop scanning could be
adopted by the end of the decade. But only if Paley finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain
10 years ago.

1. Plants will send out an increased amount of heat when they are________.
A. facing an infrared scanner
B. sprayed with pesticides
C. in poor physical condition
D. exposed to excessive sun rays

2. In order to apply pesticide spraying precisely, we can use infrared scanning to________.
A. estimate the damage to the crops
B. draw a colourcoded map
C. measure the size of the affected area
D. locate the problem area

3. Farmers can save a considerable amount of pesticide by________.
A. resorting to spotspraying
B. transforming poisoned rain
C. consulting infrared scanning experts
D. detecting crop problems at an early stage

4. The application of infrared scanning technology to agriculture met with some difficulties-_______.
A. its high cost
B. the lack of official support
C. the lack of financial support
D. its failure to help increase production

5. Infrared scanning technology may be brought back into operation because of________.
A. full support from agricultural experts
B. growing concern about the excessive use of pesticides on crops
C. the forceful promotion by the Department of Agriculture
D. the desire of farmers to improve the quality of their produce

     Nuclearpowered aircraft carriers are considered one of the most important marine weapons in the
20th century. So far, only two countries in the world, the USA and France, have ever produced them.
But these fearful fighting machines are about to enter Asia.
    The US Navy said last month that one of its nine nuclearpowered aircraft carriers will be sent to
Japan to replace the diesel(柴油)powered carrier Kitty Hawk in 2008. In an agreement on October
30, the two countries also planned to level up their military (军事的) cooperation and the USA called
for Japan to take a larger role in alliance military moves.
     It will be the first time that a nuclearpowered carrier is based in Japan. Bombed by US forces in
World War ? at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan is the only world country to have been attacked by
a nuclear weapon. Therefore, the citizens are highly sensitive to where nuclearpowered weapons are
based.
     "A radiation leak at Yokosuka would kill 100,000 people as far away as Tokyo, and could cause
billions of dollars in damage, " said Masahiko Goto, leader of a protest group in Yokosuka. His group
has collected more than 300,000 signatures of people across Japan opposed to the nuclear carrier.
     The 44yearold Kitty Hawk, the US Navy's oldest active ship, has been based in Yokosuka since
1998. It had returned to the US to be decommissioned in 2008. The new carrier, yet to be unveiled,_
will travel faster, be capable of supporting longer operations and carry with it the Navy's most modern
technology.
     Experts pointed that this change is not only to strengthen the USJapan military alliance but also to
keep the military power of China and North Korea within limits. However, even Japanese experts don't
believe that the two countries are threats to the region.
    "There is no need for Japan to have a nuclear carrier as defense, " said Tetsuo Maeda, an international
relations professor at Tokyo International University. He said that the change of ship indicates an
increased military capability in the region, much more than what is needed.

1. With such a formidable weapon to enter its country, Japanese citizens ________.
A. are aware of its benefits to the country
B. are anxious about its potential danger
C. are curious about the advanced technology
D. are against where the carrier will be based

2. The replacement of the aircraft carrier is intended to________.
A. set up a kind of base in Japan
B. strengthen the USJapan military alliance
C. show Japan's greater military capability
D. get rid of the dated marine weapon

3. From the story, we learn that________.
A. no other countries except the USA and France possess aircraft carriers
B. Japan has long planned to increase its military capability with new weapons
C. Japan will be the first country in Asia to have a nuclear aircraft carrier
D. Japan will be the third country to produce a nuclearpowered aircraft carrier

4. The underlined word "unveiled" in the fifth paragraph probably means________.
A. perfected  
B. discussed about
C. produced  
D. brought to view

5. By his remark in the last paragraph, the professor means that________.
A. he is quite confident of their military defense
B. he is completely opposed to a new nuclear carrier
C. what is needed is far more than a nuclear carrier
D. it is unnecessary to guard against the two countries

     I heard many parents complaining that their teenage children are rebelling. I wish it were so. At your
age you ought to be growing away from your parents. You should be learning to stand on your own two
feet. But take a good look at the present rebellion. It seems that teenagers are taking the same way of
showing that they disagree with their parents. Instead of striking out boldly on their own, most of them
are clutching (紧握) at one another's hands for reassurance.
     They claim they want to dress as they please. But they all wear the same clothes. They set off in new
directions in music. But somehow they all end up huddled (聚在一起) round listening to the same record. Their reason for thinking or acting in thusandsuch a way is that the crowd is doing it. They have come out
of their cocoon (蚕茧) into a larger_cocoon.
     It has become harder and harder for a teenager to stand up against the popularity wave and to go his
or her own way. Industry has firmly carved out a teenage market. These days every teenager can learn
from the advertisements what a teenager should have and be. And many of today's parents have come
to award high marks for the popularity of their children. All this adds up to a great barrier for the
teenager who wants to find his or her own path.
     But the barrier is worth climbing over. The path is worth following. You may want to listen to
classical music instead of going to a party. You may want to collect rocks when everyone else is
collecting records. You may have some thoughts that you don't care to share at once with your
classmates. Well, go to it. Find yourself. Be yourself. Popularity will come-with the people who respect
you for who you are. That is the only kind of popularity that really counts.

1. In this passage, the author wants to tell ________.
A. teenagers to try to pursue their real selves
B. readers to try to be popular with people around
C. parents to try to control and guide their children
D. people to try to understand and respect each other

2. The author disapproves of rebelling teenagers ________.
A. growing away from their parents
B. following the popularity trend
C. walking a new way on their own
D. turning to their friends for help

3.The phrase "larger cocoon" at the end of the second paragraph refers to ________.
A. the distractive and variable society
B. the dazzling music world
C. the parental care and love
D. the popularity wave in the society

4. What does the author think of advertisements?
A. Convincing. 
B. Instructive.
C. Influential.  
D. Authoritative.

5. According to the author, what might happen when a teenager stands up against the popularity
    wave and follows his/her own path?
A. He/She falls behind the time.
B. He/She loses good friends.
C. He/She faces all kinds of criticism.
D. He/She gains valuable popularity.