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    科目： 来源：河南省专项题 题型：阅读理解

    阅读理解
         The human brain contains 10 thousand million cells and each of these may have a thousand connections. Such enormous numbers used to discourage us and ease us to dismiss the possibility of making a machine with human-like ability, but now that we have grown used to moving forward at such a pace we can be
    less sure. Quite soon, in only l0 or 20 years, perhaps, we will be able to assemble a machine as complex
    as the human brain, and if we can we will. It may then take us a long time to render it intelligent by loading
    in the right software or by altering the architecture but that too will happen.
         I think it certain that in decades, not centuries, machines of silicon(硅) will arise first to rival and then
    exceed(超越) their human ancestors. Once they exceed us they will be capable of their own design in a
    real sense they will be able to reproduce themselves. Silicon will have ended carbon's long control. And
    we will no longer be able to claim ourselves to be the finest intelligence in the known universe.
         As the intelligence of robots increases to match that of humans and as their cost declines through
    economies of scale we may use them to expand our frontiers, first on earth through their ability to withstand environments, harmful to ourselves. Thus, deserts may bloom and the ocean be mined. Further ahead, by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide, the construction
    of a vast, man-created world in space, home to thousands or millions of people, will be within our power.
    1. In what way can we make a machine intelligent?
    A. By making it work in such environments as deserts, oceans or space.
    B. By working hard for 10 or 20 years.
    C. By either properly programming it or changing its structure.
    D. By reproducing it.
    2. What does the writer think about machines with human-like ability?
    A. He believes they will be useful to human beings.
    B. He believes that they will control us in the future.
    C. He is not quite sure in what way they may influence us.
    D. He doesn't consider the construction of such machines possible.
    3. The underlined word"carbon"in Para. 2 stands for         .
    A. intelligent robots          
    B. a chemical element       
    C. an organic substance        
    D. human beings
    4. A robot can be used to expand our frontiers when         .
    A. its intelligence and cost are beyond question
    B. it is able to bear the rough environment
    C. it is made as complex as the human brain
    D. its architecture is different from that of the present ones
    5. It can be inferred from the passage that          .
    A. after the installation of a great number of cells and connections, robots will be capable of
        self-reproduction.
    B. with the rapid development of technology, people have come to realize the possibility of making a
         machine with human-like ability
    C. once we make a machine as complex as the human brain. it will possess intelligence
    D. robots will have control of the vast, man-made world in space

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    科目： 来源：专项题 题型：阅读理解

    阅读理解。
         Even plants can run a fever, especially when they're under attack by insects or disease.
    But unlike humans, plants can have their temperature taken from 3,000 feet away-straight up.
    A decade ago, adapting the infrared (红外线) scanning technology developed for military
    purposes and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick way to take the
    temperature of crops to determine which ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmers
    precisely target pesticide (杀虫剂) spraying rather than rain poison on a whole field, which
    invariably includes plants that don't have pest problems.
         Even better, Paley's Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problems
    before they became visible to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3,000 feet at night, an
    infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops. The data were transformed into a
    color-coded map showing where plants were running "fevers". Farmers could then spot-spray,
    using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they otherwise would.
         The bad news is that Paley's company closed down in l984, after only three years. Farmers
    resisted the new technology and long-term backers were hard to find. But with the renewed
    concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to get
    back into operation. Agriculture experts have no doubt the technology works. "This technique
    can be used on 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States", says George Oerther of
    Texas A & M. Ray Jackson, who recently retired from the Department of Agriculture, thinks
    remote infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. But only if Paley  
    finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago.
    1. Plants will emit an increased amount of heat when they are ________.
    A. sprayed with pesticides        
    B. facing an infrared scanner  
    C. in poor physical condition      
    D. exposed to excessive sun rays
    2. In order to apply pesticide spraying precisely, we can use infrared scanning to       .
    A. estimate the damage to the crops      
    B. draw a color-coded map            
    C. measure the size of the affected area    
    D. locate the problem area
    3. Farmers can save a considerable amount of pesticide by        .
    A. resorting to spot-spraying          
    B. consulting infrared scanning experts  
    C. transforming poisoned rain         
    D. detecting crop problems at an early date
    4. The application of infrared scanning technology to agriculture met with some difficulties due to       .
    A. the lack of official support      
    B. its high cost              
    C. the lack of financial support      
    D. its failure to help increase production
    5. Infrared scanning technology may be brought back into operation because of       .
    A. the desire of farmers to improve the quality of their produce
    B. growing concern about the excessive use of pesticides on crops
    C. the forceful promotion by the Department of Agriculture
    D. full support from agricultural experts

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    科目： 来源：陕西省同步题 题型：阅读理解

         Go ahead, talk to your dog.
         As many a dog owner will prove, our furry friends are listening. Now, for the doubters, there is
    scientific proof that they understand much of what they hear.A border collie called Rico can fetch at least
    200 objects by name, researchers in Germany say. The dog also appears to learn words for new objects
    as easily as a 3yearold child would.Its wordlearning skill is as good as that of a parrot or chimpanzee.
         In one experiment, the researchers took all 200 items that Rico is supposed to know and divided them randomly into 20 sets of 10 objects each. The dog waited with one of his owners in one room, while an
    experimenter put a set of 10 objects into another room.Then, the owner told the dog to fetch one of the
    items. The dog had to go to the other room and bring the object back
         In four trials, Rico got 37 out of 40 commands right. Because the dog couldn't see anyone to get
    visual clues about what to bring back, the scientists concluded that he must understand the meanings of
    certain words.
         In another experiment, the scientists took one toy that Rico had never seen before and put it in a
    room with seven toys whose names he already knew. The dog's owner then told him to fetch the object,
    using a word Rico had never heard.
         In 7 out of 10 trials, Rico picked the right object, suggesting that he figured out the answer by process of elimination. A month later,he remembered half of the new names, which further impressed the
    researchers.
         Rico is probably smarter than the average dog, the scientists say. For one thing, he's a border collie,
    a breed known for its mental abilities.In addition, the 9yearold dog has been trained to retrieve toys by
    their names since he was 9 months old.
         It's hard to know if all dogs understand at least some of the words we say. Even if they do, they can't
    talk back. Still, it wouldn’t hurt to sweettalk your pup every now and then. You might just get a big, wet
    kiss in return!
    1. It is implied that________.
    A. Rico is probably cleverer than the average dog
    B. Only a few dogs can talk back to its owner
    C. if a chimpanzee is trained, it can also recognize the names of objects
    D. All dogs can understand words
    2. How long is it since Rico's owner began to train him?
    A. nine months  
    B. 3 years.
    C. over nine years.  
    D. more than eight years.
    3. Rico can do all the following except________.
    A. understanding the meanings of certain words
    B. picking the right object by process of elimination
    C. remembering all of the new names he learned
    D. retrieving toys by their names

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    科目： 来源：陕西省同步题 题型：阅读理解

    A. Develop lasting personal relationships
    B. Always stay positive
    C. Educate yourself
    D. Stay in shape
    E. Live below your means
    F. Work towards a dream
    1.                           
         We all want to buy that new piece of technology, treat ourselves to an expensive dinner, or take out a
    loan for the car we can't afford.It might feel great at the time but hasty (匆忙的) spending hurts a lot later
    on.Enjoy life's simple pleasures and save as much as you can. Expensive things don't create lasting
    happiness.
    Careful spending will bring you greater enjoyment in the long run.
    2.                          
         To be happy we need continuous growth. The best way to grow is lifelong education. This doesn' t
    mean you need to pursue a doctorate or spend 2 hours reading every day. Self education can be anything
    that takes you out of your comfort zone. The important part is keeping an open mind and searching for
    fresh ideas.
    3.                        
         Suppose you had everything you wanted. Would you be happy without anyone to share it with?
    The personal relationships we develop with friends and family members are the greatest source of
    happiness in our lives. Don't forget about them.Taking the time to develop and enjoy personal relationships
    is important to longterm happiness.
    4.                       
         Even if your life isn't perfect, you can always build towards a goal. The best way to do this is working
    towards a goal. We can't control everything about our lives, but working towards a goal gives us something positive to focus on and lays the foundation for future success.No matter what your passion is, get out there and start doing something.
    5.                        
         You only get one body. Once it's been ruined there isn’t much you can do about it. Exercise to keep
    the body working well. Avoid eating too much of damaging substances and unhealthy foods. It may feel
    terrible at the time but enjoying good health in your later years is worth the sacrifice.

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    科目： 来源：河南省专项题 题型：阅读理解

    阅读理解。
         American society is not nap (午睡)-friendly. In fact, says David Dinges, a sleep specialist
    at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine,"There's even a prohibition against admitting
    we need sleep". Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at work. To quote a
    proverb:"Some sleep five hours, nature requires seven, laziness nine and wickedness eleven."
         Wrong. The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them."We have to
    totally changeour attitude toward napping,"says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University, the
    godfather of sleep research.
         Last year a national commission led by Dement identified an"American sleep debt" which one
    member said was as important as the national debt. The commission was concerned about the
    dangers of sleepiness: people causing industrial accidents or falling asleep while driving. This may
    be why we have a new sleep policy in the White House. According to recent reports, President
    Clinton is trying to take a ha1f-hour snooze (瞌睡) every afternoon.
         About 60 percent of American adults nap when given the opportunity. We seem to have"a
    mid afternoon quiet phase," also called "a secondary sleep gate." Sleeping 15 minutes to two
    hours in the early afternoon can reduce stress and make us refreshed. Clearly, we were born
    to nap.
         We Superstars of Snooze don't nap to replace lost shut-eye or to prepare for a night shift.
    Rather, we "snack" on sleep, whenever, wherever and at whatever time we feel like it. I myself
    have napped in buses, cars, planes and on boats; on floors and beds; and in libraries, offices
    and museums.
    l. It is commonly accepted in American society that too much sleep is ._____
    A. unreasonable
    B. criminal
    C. harmful
    D. costly
    2. The research done by the Dement Commission shows that Americans ________.
    A. don't like to take naps
    B. are terribly worried about their national debt
    C. sleep less than is good for them
    D. have caused many industrial and traffic accidents
    3. The purpose of this article is to.______
    A. warn us of the wickedness of napping
    B. explain the danger of sleepiness
    C. discuss the side effects of napping
    D. convince the reader of the necessity of napping
    4. The underlined phrase "American sleep debt" in Para. 3 is the result of ._____
    A. the traditional misconception the Americans have about sleep
    B. the new sleep policy of the Clinton Administration
    C. the rapid development of American industry
    D. the Americans' worry about the danger of sleepiness
    5. The second sentence of the last paragraph tells us that it is .______
    A. preferable to have a sound sleep before a night shift
    B. good practice to eat something light before we go to bed
    C. essential to make up for cost sleep
    D. natural to take a nap whenever we feel the need for it

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    科目： 来源：河南省专项题 题型：阅读理解

    阅读理解。
         Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown,
    Maryland, decided to find out whether, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to"think
    and concentrate." Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived
    (被剥夺) of cigarettes through a series of tests.
    In the first test, each subject (试验对象) sat before a computer screen and pressed a key
    as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple test,
    smokers, deprived smokers and non-smokers performed equally well.
         The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters
    and respond the instant one of the letters transformed into a different one. Non-smokers
    were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine, active smokers were faster than deprived
    smokers.
         In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived
    smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers.
         The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it.
    Non-smokers remembered l9 percent more of the most important information than active
    smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before
    testing- Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble
    separating important information from insignificant details.
         "As our tests became more complex." sums up Spilich," non-smokers performed better
    than smokers by wider and wider margins". He predicts, 'smokers might perform adequately
    at many jobs- until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no
    problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity."
    l. The purpose of George Spilich's experiments is ._____
    A. to test whether smoking has a positive effect on the mental capacity of smokers
    B. to show how smoking damages people's mental capacity
    C. to prove that smoking affects people's regular performance
    D. to find out whether smoking helps people's short-term memory
    2. George Spilich's experiment was conducted in such a way as to ._____
    A. compel the subjects to separate major information from minor details
    B. put the subjects through increasingly complex tests
    C. check the effectiveness of nicotine on smokers
    D. register the prompt responses of the subjects
    3. The underlined word "bested" in Para. 5most probably means_____
    A. beat
    B. envied
    C. caught up with
    D. made the best of
    4. Which of the following statements is true?_____
    A. Active smokers in general performed better than deprived smokers.
    B. Active smokers responded more quickly than the other subjects.
    C. Non-smokers were not better than other subjects in performing simple tasks.
    D. Deprived smokers gave the slowest responses to the various tasks.
    5. We can infer from the last paragraph that ._____
    A. smokers should not expect to become airline pilots
    B. smoking in emergency cases causes mental illness
    C. no airline pilots smoke during flights
    D. smokers may prove unequal to handing emergency cases

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    科目： 来源：北京期中题 题型：阅读理解

    阅读理解。
         Our spiritual intelligence quotient(精神智商),or SQ, helps us understand ourselves, and
    live fuller, happier lives.
         Though we're all born with SQ, most of us don't even realize that we have it. Fortunately,
    you don't have to sign up for classes to learn how to improve your SQ. Here are some simple
    steps that can lead you to this new level of understanding.
         Sit Quietly. The process of developing spiritual intelligence begins with solitude(独处)and
    silence. To tune in to your spirit, you have to turn down the volume(强度)in your busy, noisy,
    complicated life and force yourself to do nothing at all. Start small by creating islands for
    silence in your day. In the car, instead of listening to the music, use the time to think. At work,
    shut the door to your office between meetings, take a few breaths and let them out very, very
    slowly. Enjoy the stillness in your home after the kids are finally in bed.
    Step Outside. For many people, nature sets their spirit free. Go outside to watch a beautiful
    sunset. If you are walking with the dog, take the time to admire flowers in bloom; follow the
    flight of a bird and watch clouds float overhead.
         Ask Questions of Yourself. Ask open-ended questions, such as "What am I Feeling? What
    are my choices? Where am I heading?"
         But don't expect an answer to arrive through some supernatural forms of e-mail. "Rarely do
    I get an immediate answer to my question," says Reverend Joan Carter, a Presbyterian minister
    in Sausalito, California. "But later that day I suddenly find myself thinking about a problem in a
    perspective(角度) I never considered before."
         Trust Your Spirit. While most of us rely on gut(本能的)feeling to realize danger, spiritual
    intelligence pushes us, not away from, but towards some action that will lead to a greater good.
    1. The passage is mainly about______.
    A. what your SQ is and in what way it can benefit our life
    B. what your SQ is and in what way it can be improved
    C. the relationship between your SQ and your life
    D. advantages and disadvantages of SQ
    2. The underlined phrase "to tune in to your spirit" in the third paragraph probably
    means to_________
    A. get your spirit relaxed
    B. keep up your spirit
    C. keep seated quietly
    D. change your spirit
    3. From the passage, we can know that the most important thing to improve your SQ is______
    A. a peaceful mind
    B. deep thought
    C. spare time and hobbies
    D. good spirits
    4. According to the passage, which of the following is True?_____
    A. Not everyone has SQ.
    B. You have to go to classes to learn how to improve your SQ.
    C. SQ leads us to take wrong actions.
    D. SQ can benefit our life.

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    科目： 来源：北京期中题 题型：阅读理解

    根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项.选项中有两项为多余选项.

         Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a better student in
    several ways. ___1__Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are
    studying for a test. Third, note-taking offers variety to your study time and helps you to hold
    your interest.
         You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a textbook
    or doing research for a report.___2___ Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind
    that note-taking is a selective process. __3__
         The following methods may work best for you.
         ·Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it.
         ·Carefully read the text and watch for words that can show main points and supporting facts.
         ·Write your notes in your own words.
         ·__4__
         ·Note any questions or ideas you may have about what was said or written.
         As you take notes, you may want to use your own shorthand(速记). When you do, be sure
    that you understand your symbols and that you use them all the time. __5_
    A. Use words, not complete sentences.
    B. There are three practical note-taking methods.
    C. You must write your notes on separate paper.
    D. Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later.
    E. You will also want to develop your own method for taking notes.
    F. That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes.
    G. First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it.

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    科目： 来源：广东省期中题 题型：填空题

    语法填空
    仔细阅读下面短文,短文中有10个空格.请按照语境以及括号里所给的词完成短文.
         If you have decided to study abroad, you might be looking for effective ways to prepare your language skills before you depart. Some students attend ESL (English as a Second Language) classes while others
    practice with 1__________conversational partner. However, for those in situations 2__________ these
    two options are not available, studying ESL online might be the next alternative.
         During the past decade, many websites have appeared on the Internet, providing ESL activities
    3___________(help) people practice the major language skills like grammar, reading,  4________
    vocabulary. Perhaps the 5__________ (great) interests for students are websites that focus on listening
    and speaking skills. Since high-speed connections appeared, things 6 _________ (change) greatly.
    7_________ you want to find a site that is suitable for you, you should look among those that combine
    good contents with a user-friendly interface and style.
         Finally, no matter which site you end up 8_________(visit), you should set some goals 9 ________
    your study.  10_________ might include the number of vocabulary you want to learn, specific grammar
    structures you want to review, and even how many minutes you want to read aloud from a newspaper in
    English.

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    科目： 来源：广东省期中题 题型：阅读理解

    阅读理解
         Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness
    called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly. The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever is one of the most common
    symptoms.
        Certain microorganisms(微生物)cause most types of food poisoning. Bacteria and other
    microorganisms can poison eggs ,meat, vegetables, and many other foods. After entering the body, these
    tiny living things release(释放) poisons that make people sick.
        Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning. They are often added to food while it is being grown,
    processed or prepared. For example, many farmers spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds and insects.
    Some people may have a bad reaction to those chemicals when they eat the crops.
        Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people. These include certain kinds of seafood, grains, nuts, seeds, beans, and mushrooms.
        When people handle food properly, the risk of food poisoning is very small. Microorganisms multiply
    rapidly in dirty places and in warm temperatures. This means that people should never touch food with
    dirty hands or put food on unwashed surfaces. Food should be kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms from growing. Meat needs to be cooked thoroughly to kill any dangerous microorganisms. People
    should also wash food covered with chemicals before eating it. Finally, people should not eat wild
    mushrooms or other foods that grow in the wild. Some of these foods may contain natural materials that
    are poisonous to humans. In addition, some types of fish can be poisonous.
         Most people recover from food poisoning after a few days of resting and drinking extra water. If
    people eat natural poisons, they must go to the hospital right away to have their stomachs emptied.
    1. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
    A. Food when poisoned can make people sick.      
    B. Food poisoning means death.
    C. Food poisoning comes in varieties.              
    D. Food poisoning can be serious.
    2. We know from the passage that the symptoms of food poisoning__________.           .
    A. are always accompanied by a fever            
    B. are too common to be noted
    C. can be noticed within hours                  
    D. can be ignored
    3. Food poisoning can be caused by all the following EXCEPT_______________.
    A. some chemicals  
    B. low temperatures
    C. some tiny living things
    D. certain natural materials
    4. From Paragraph 5, we can learn that ______________.
    A. mushrooms should not be eaten    
    B. vegetables are safer than meat and seafood
    C. natural poisons are more dangerous than chemicals 
    D. different types of food should be handled differently
    5. It can be inferred from the passage that ______________.    
    A. natural materials are safe in food processing  
    B. chemicals are needed in food processing
    C. food poisoning can be kept under control    
    D. food poisoning is out of control

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