There are many acceptable varieties of English throughout the world. Whichever variety is
used in your country, the most important thing is that students' pronunciation must be good
enough for another person to understand what they are trying to say.
     In a PPP lesson, teachers naturally include a good model of the pronunciation when they
are presenting new vocabulary, grammar or functional language. It is important to start by
helping your students recognize sounds before you expect them to produce them.
     Spoken British English has 44 sounds, but there are only 26 letters in the alphabet for
written English. This sometimes makes English pronunciation and spelling different, so it is not
always best to write words on the blackboard at the early stages. Also, some sounds in English
do not exist in some other languages. This can make it very difficult for students to recognize
these sounds and even more difficult for them to pronounce them correctly. So some students
need to do a lot of work on these sounds, listening to them, trying to recognize them and trying
to copy them.
     If you can understand and pronounce the symbols of the phonetic alphabet, this will help
you to pronounce any word in the dictionary. You can teach this phonetic alphabet to your
students and this will make teaching pronunciation much easier. However, you can teach
pronunciation effectively without knowing the phonetic alphabet. Pronouncing English well is
not just about getting the individual sounds right. Students need to know:
* which parts of a word are stressed (spoken louder and longer);
* which parts of a sentence are stressed;
* basic intonation patterns;
* what it means when we change the intonation in a sentence (the music of the language);
* how to link together the sounds within a sentence.
     Students need practice in all these areas to improve their pronunciation.

1. The passage is most probably from ______.

A. a book for English learning
B. a book for English teaching
C. an ad for English teaching
D. a grammar book for English learning

2. Following up the passage, the author will probably ______.

A. say how to teach the phonetic alphabet
B. emphasize the importance of correct pronunciation
C. explain in detail how to practise the five suggestions
D. write about how to teach pronunciation without the phonetic alphabet

3. In the author's opinion, ______.

A. it is not necessary to pronounce every word correctly
B. the English phonetic alphabet is a must in teaching pronunciation
C. students should pronounce every word as precisely as native speakers
D. pronunciation means more than knowing how to pronounce every single word

4. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A. Suggestions on Teaching English Pronunciation.
B. Listening Comes First in Teaching Pronunciation.
C. The English Phonetic Alphabet and Pronunciation.
D. Other Things to Be Done besides Pronouncing Every Word.

     任务型读写。请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后图表中的空格里填
入最恰当的单词。)注意:每空不超过1个单词。
     Maybe you are an average student. You probably think you will never be a top student.
This is not necessary so, however. Anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to.
Here's how:
     1. Plan your time carefully. When you plan your week, you should make a list of things
that you have to do. After making this list, you should make a schedule of your time. First your
time for eating, sleeping, dressing, etc. then decide a good, regular time for studying. Don't forget
to set aside enough time for entertainment. A weekly schedule may not solve all your problems,
but it will force you to realize wha is happening to your time.
     2. Find a good place to study. Look around the house for a good study area. Keep this
space, which may be a desk or simply a corner of your room, free of everything but study materials.
No games, radios, or television! When you sit down to study, concentrate on the subject.
     3. Make good use of your time in class. Take advantage of class time to listen to everything
the teachers say. Really listening in class means less work later. Taking notes will help you remember
what the teacher says.
     4. Study regularly. When you get home from school, go over your notes. Review the important
points that your teacher mentioned in class. If you know what your teacher is going to discuss the
next day, reading that material will become more meaningful, and you will remember it longer.
     5. Develop a good attitude about tests. The purpose of a test is to show what you have
learned about a subject. They help you remember your new knowledge. The world won't end if
you don't pass a test, so don't be overly worried.
     There are other methods that might help you with your studying. You will probably discover
many others after you have tried these.
                                              How to become a better student

     When we think of leadership, we often think of strength and power. But what are these
really, and how do they operate?
     Leadership today is not about forcing others to do things. If this is even possible, it is
short-term, and tends to backfire. If you order someone to do something against their will,
they may do it because they feel they must, but the anger they feel do more harm in the long-term.
They will also experience fear.
     Fear causes the thinking brain to shut down, making the person unable to function at his or
her best. If they associate you with his emotion of fear, they will become less functional around
you, and you will have succeeded in not only shooting yourself in the foot, but possibly making
a very good employee or partner unable to perform effectively. Fear has no place in leadership.
     The way we influence people in a lasting way is by our own character, and our understanding
and use of emotion. We can order someone to do something, which may be part of the work day;
or we can employ them at the emotional level, so they become fully devoted to the projects and
provide some of their own motivation. Today's work place is all about relationships.
     Anyone works harder in a positive environment in which they are recognized and valued as a
human being as well as a worker. Everyone produces just a bit more for someone they like.
Leaders understand the way things work. They know the pay check is not the single most
motivating factor in the work life of most people.
    The true strength of leadership is an inner strength that comes from the confidence of emotiona
l intelligence-knowing your own emotions, and how to handle them, and those of others. Developing
your emotional intelligence is the single best thing you can do if you want to develop your relationships
with people around you, which is the key to the leadership skills.

1. An employee may have a feeling of fear in the work place when ________.             

A. he is forced to do things  
B. he can't work at his best
C. he feels his brain shut down  
D. he thinks of his work too heavy

2. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A. People tend to associate leadership with fear.     
B. Working conditions affect people's physical health.
C. Good relationship is the key to business success.  
D. Smart people are more functional in the work place.

3. To positively influence employees, a leader should first of all ______.

A. provide better suggestions  
B. develop his own personality
C. give his employees a pay rise  
D. hide his own emotion of fear

4. Good leadership is mainly seen in a leader's ability to ______.

A. provide a variety of projects for employees  
B. help raise employees' living conditions
C. give employees special instructions  
D. deal wisely with employees' emotions

5. This passage is mainly about ______

A. not forcing others to do things              
B. how to develop your emotional intelligence
C. how to be a good leader                  
D. how to influence people

     In general, people talk about two groups of colors: warm colors and cool colors. Researchers in
psychology think that there are also two groups of people: people who prefer warm colors and people
who prefer cool colors.
    The warm colors are red, orange and yellow. Where there are warm colors and a lot of light, people
usually want to be active. People think that red, for example, is exciting. Sociable people, those who like
to be with others, like red. The cool colors are green, blue and violet. These colors, unlike warm colors,
are relaxing. Where there are cool colors, people are usually quiet. People who like to spend time alone
often prefer blue.
    Red may be exciting, but one researcher says that time seems to pass more slowly in a room with
warm colors than in a room with cool colors. He suggests that a warm color, such as red or orange is a
good color for a living room or restaurant. People who are talking or eating do not want time to pass
quickly. Cool colors are better for offices or factories if the people who are working there want time to
pass quickly.
    Researchers do not know why people think some colors are warm and other colors are cool.
However, almost everyone agrees that red, orange, and yellow are warm and that green, blue, and violet
are cool. Perhaps warm colors remind people of warm days and the cool colors remind them of cool
days. Because in the north the sun is higher during summer, the hot summer sunlight appears yellow. 

1. Which of the following colors belong to cool colors?  

A. Yellow, green.      
B. Blue, violet. 
C. Black, blue.        
D. Brown, white. 

2. Which of the following statements is not true?   

A. Sociable people like warm colors. 
B. Warm colors can make people excited. 
C. People who like to be with others don't like red. 
D. Where there are warm colors, people want to be active. 

3. Which is the right color for different rooms?    

A. Red or orange for offices.  
B. Orange for dining-rooms. 
C. Blue for bedrooms.      
D. Red for studies. 

4. What is the main idea of the last paragraph? 

A. It shows the reason why people think some colors are warm and others are cool. 
B. Warm colors remind people of warm days.
C. Cool colors remind people of cool days.
D. People have an agreeable opinion of warm colors and cool colors.

     We know that many animals do not stay in one place. Birds, fish and other animals move from one
place to another at a certain time. They move for different reasons: most of them move to find food more
easily, but others move to get away from places that are too crowded.
     When cold weather comes, many birds move to warmer places to find food. Some fishes give birth
in warm water and move to cold water to feed. The most famous migration(迁移) is probably the
migration of the fish, which is called "salmon". This fish is born in fresh water but it travels many miles to
salt water. There it spends its life. When it is old, it returns to its birthplace in fresh water. Then it gives
birth and dies there. In northern Europe, there is a kind of mouse. They leave their mountain homes when
they become too crowded. They move down to the low land. Sometimes they move all the way to the
seaside, and many of them are killed when they fall into the sea.
     Recently, scientists have studied the migration of a kind of lobster(龙虾). Every year, when the
season of bad weather arrives, the lobster get into a long line and start to walk across the floor of the
ocean. Nobody knows why they do this, and nobody knows where they go.
     So, sometimes we know why humans and animals move from one place to another, but at other
times we don't. Maybe living things just like travel.

1. Most animals move from one place to another at a certain time to _____.

A.  find food more easily                    
B. enjoy warmer weather
C. give birth                          
D. find beautiful places

2. The mice in northern Europe move when _____.  

A. they need fresh water            
B. the weather is bad
C. the place gets too crowded          
D. they haven't enough food

3. This passage is mainly about _____.    

A. why animals move from one place to another
B. how animals can find food easily
C. new discoveries of animals traveling
D. some problems with traveling 

     Have you ever seen people dance? Some dances are fast and others are slow. People's feet always
move when they dance. They keep on moving until the music stops.
     People have enjoyed dancing for a very long time.This story is of a different kind of dance. It is a
dance without people or music. Yet this dance is one of the oldest in the world. It is the dance of bees.
     If you have ever watched bees, you know that they are very clever. They also work hard looking for
food and bringing it back to their home.
     The home of the bees is called a beehive. Here hundreds even thousands of bees live. They work day
and night building small walls of wax. There they make their honey. This is the same honey that we eat.
     Where does the honey come from? Bees live on food from flowers. Have you seen bees flying around a flower garden? When a bee rests on a flower, it tries to go to the centre of it. There it takes in as much
food as its body can hold. Then it flies to take the food back to the hive.
     At the hive, bees change this flower food into honey. Then they fly away for more food.
     How do the bees know where to find the best food in the sweetest flowers? One bee acts as a guide.When it discovers good flowers, it flies back to the hive and tells the others. It does this by dancing for
them. The bee dances on one side. This tells the otherbees which way to go to find the flowers. But that is
not all. The bee dances for some time. And the length of its dance tells the other bees how far they must
fly to reach the flowers. When the bees see the dance, they know where the flowers are.
     They fly away and return with more food for the hive.
     Sometimes we hear the music of the bees as they fly around, but few people have ever seen them
dance. Yet without that dance we might never have sweet honey to eat.

1. The writer believes that       .

A. people dance better than bees
B. people learned dance from bees
C. bees dance more often than people
D. bees don't like music

2. From this passage we know that the dance of bees means      .

A. they are good at dance
B. they want to show their beauty
C. they communicate with each other
D. they have nothing to do

3. Which of the following is TRUE?

A. People get honey from flowers directly.
B. People draw honey from bees' bodies.
C. People produce honey in a secret place.
D. People get honey from bees indirectly.

4. What character do bees have?

A. Dance loving.
B. Hardworking.
C. Music loving.
D. Active.

5. If a bee wants to get some information about the distance of food, he may watch closely at       of the
other bees' dance.

A. the side
B. the length
C. the place
D. the time

     Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills.  With their shining
brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed
for a beginning reader to gain confidence, according to Intermountain Therapy Animals (ITA) in Salt
Lake City.  The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in
children, with the introduction of Reading Edueation Assistance Dogs(READ).  
    The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea.  "Literacy specialists admit that children who
read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group, often have lower
self-respect, and regard reading as a headache," said Lisa Myron, manager of the children's department.  
    Last November, the two groups started "Dog Day Afternoon" in the children's department of the main
library.  About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes, reading for half an
hour.  Those who attended three of the four classes received a "pawgraphed" book at the last class.  
    The program was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in April, according to Dana
Thumpowsky, public relations manager.  

1.  What is mainly discussed in the text?   

A.  Children's reading difficulties.    
B.  Advantages of raising dogs.  
C.  Service in public library.        
D.  A special reading program.  

2.  Specialists use dogs to listen to children reading because they think _________.   

A.  dogs are young children's best friends
B.  children can play with dogs while reading
C.  dogs can provide encouragement for shy children
D.  children and dogs understand each other

3.  By saying "The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea", the writer means the
     library ________.   

A.  uses dogs to attract children    
B.  accepts the idea put forward by ITA
C.  has opened a children's department    
D.  has decided to train some dogs

4.  A "pawgraphed" book is most probably_________.  

A.  a book used in Saturday classes  
B.  a book written by the children
C.  a prize for the children        
D.  a gift from parents

     Educating girls quite possibly harvests a higher rate of return than any other investment available in
the developing world.Women's education may be an unusual field for economists, but increasing women's
contribution to development is actually as much an economic issue as a social one. And economics, with
its focus on incentives(鼓励), provides an explanation for why so many girls are deprived of(剥夺)an
education.
     Parents in low income countries fail to invest in their daughters because they do not expect them to
make an economic contribution to the family: girls grow up only to marry into somebody else' s family
and bear children. Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and are kept at home to do housework
while their brothers are sent to school-the prophecy(预言)becomes self fulfilling, trapping women in a
vicious circle(恶性循环)of neglect. 
     An educated mother, on the other hand,has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an
entirely different set of choices. She is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist on the
development of all her children, ensuring that her daughters are given a fair chance. The education of
her daughters then makes it much more likely that the next generation of girls, as well as of boys, will be
educated and healthy. The vicious circle is thus transformed into a virtuous circle.
     Few will argue that educating women has great social benefits.But it has enormous economic
advantages as well. Most obviously, there is the direct effect of education on the wages of female
workers. Wages rise by 10 to 20 percent for each additional year of schooling. Such big returns are 
impressive by the standard of other available investments, but they are just the beginning. Educating
women also has a significant effect on health practices, including family planning.

     For more than twenty years scientists have been searching for signs of life on other planets. Most of
these searches have been done over the radio. The hope is that someone in outer space may be trying
to get in touch with us. Scientists also have sent radio and television messages on spaceships traveling
through space, on the chance that someone may answer such messages.
     Scientists are using powerful radio telescopes to listen to signals from about 1, 000 stars, all within
100 light years of the earth. In addition, they will scan the entire sky to "listen" for radio messages from
more distant stars. Using a computer, they will be able to monitor more than eight channels at one time.
Scientists are looking for any signal that stands out from the background noise.
     Of the 200 billion stars in the Milky Way galaxy(银河星系), scientists find that 5% are like our sun.
Perhaps half of them have a planet like the earth. Such a planet would be a reasonable distance from the
star for temperatures to be right for the evolution(进化) of life. Based on the inhabitable(适于居住的)
planets in our galaxy, most scientists agree that chances are likely that one or more of these planets
support some life.
     However, many scientists wonder whether intelligent life exists on other planets. Some believe that
twenty years of searching without any intelligible messages shows that no one is out there. They say that
the evolution of intelligence comparable to ours is unlikely.
     Other scientists believe that our search hasn't been long enough to rule out the possibility that intelligent
life exists in our galaxy. If we hope to find intelligent life, these scientists believe that we have to keep
looking.

1. According to the passage, how many planets in our galaxy might be inhabitable?  

A. 5 billion.
B. 10 billion.
C. 15 billion.
D. 200 billion

2. The first paragraph in this passage is mainly about ________ .

A. how scientists are looking for signs of life on other planets
B. why scientists are looking for signs of life on other planets
C. where scientists are looking for signs of life on other planets
D. when scientists are looking for signs of life on other planets

3. The underlined word "monitor" in the 2nd paragraph means " ________ ".

A. find  
B. block
C. check  
D. form

4. Which of these statements is True based on the information in the passage?

A. The earth is one of the oldest planets in our galaxy.
B. Most scientists believe that there is intelligent life on other planets.
C. Scientists don't believe that there might be life on other planets.
D. Scientists are trying different ways to find signs of life on other planets.

     There are two basic ways to see growth:one as a product, the other as a process. People have
generally viewed personal growth as an external(外在的)result or a product that can easily be identified
and measured. The worker who gets a rise, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns
a new language-all these examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.  
     By contrast(对照), the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since it is a
journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but
the attitudes, feelings people have, and their caution or courage, as they meet with new experiences and
unexpected difficulties. In this process, the journey never really ends;there are always new ways to
experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept.  
     In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to face the
unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may "fail" at first. How we see ourselves as we try a
new way of being is necessary for our ability togrow. Do we see ourselves as quick and curious? If so,
we tend to take more chances and be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think we're shy and
indecisive? Then our sense of fear can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and we think we are slow to
adapt?(适应)change or that we're not smart enough to deal with a new challenge. Then we are likely to
take a more passive role or not try at all.  
     These feelings of insecurity(不安全)and self?doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to
change and grow. If we protect ourselves too much, then we stop growing. We become trapped inside a
shell of our own making.