With another invention in use, viewers will be also able to watch TV while walking to the office, taking a bus or simply waiting in line for lunch.
     A Beijing-based company named Innofidei Inc. claims to have developed the first mobile TV chip for
the market, which can change hundreds of thousands of mobiles into micro-TVs.
     With this chip, people can receive TV signals on their phones and watch programs without any time or space limitations.
     "As long as the handset terminal (接收终端设备) has a colored screen and a battery, our chip can turn it into a mobile TV," said Meng Fei, director of Innofidei's business development department. The chip can be placed into a cell phone, a PDA, an MP4, a digital camera or even a laptop. He said that this, together with plans by China's state broadcaster, would ensure the 2008 Games lives up to its promise as a
"People's Olympics".
     "Our chips are cheap so that cell phones with them will not be much different in price from regular
phones," Meng said. "CCTV will offer some free channels during the Games, so people can enjoy the
Olympics for free."
     SARFT(国家广播电影电视总局) is planning to build a regional test network in Beijing and hopes to start trials as soon as possible. The goal is to deploy CMMB (部署中国移动多媒体广播) on a national level by the first half of 2008.
     Innofidei is now busy selling their chips to cell phone makers so that the new generation of phones
reaches the market in early 2008.
     "Our invention successfully combines the good points of the two best-selling consumer products in
history-TV sets and cell phones, " said Meng. "In the near future, soccer fans won't be tearing their hair out because they are stuck in traffic and missing the chance to see their favorite team's play."
     Local baseball fans, meanwhile, will be able to draw comfort from the knowledge that-both at the
Olympics and afterwards-their teams will be playing on a field designed to help recycle water.

1. Which of the following CANNOT be turned into a mobile TV according to the passage?

A. A cell phone.      
B. A PDA.          
C. An MP3.        
D. A laptop.

2. Which of the following would possibly happen with the invention of the chip?

A. Sports fans watch Olympic Games on cell phones in 2008.
B. People watch video CDs on the MP4.
C. A game addict plays 3D games on a PDA.
D. Listening to news broadcast on radio.

3. We can infer from the passage that _______.

A. we cannot buy a mobile TV before the 2008 Olympic Games.
B. soccer fans will be angry when they miss the chance to see a TV program.
C. the baseball field will play a part in helping recycle water.
D. the invention of the chip successfully combines TV sets and cell phones.

4. The best title for this passage would be "_______".

A. A new invention for Olympics          
B. A new generation of cell phones
C. Watching live games on TV for free      
D. People's Olympics

     Why do we call the sounds of birds, whales and insects songs? Because something about what we hear seems to have beauty, and some mellifluous (动听的) structure that touches us more than any possible
message. Though for many years science has cautioned against hearing too much of what we humans
would like to hear when we are trying to understand animal sounds, the musicality in some sounds is now
starting to have an effect on the science of animal communication itself.
     Many specific animal sounds express aggression(进攻), warning, or food, but such practical
explanations are tough to apply to the long songs. Some whale songs can go on for up to 24 hours. The
usual explanation for birdsong is that the birds are singing to attract mates or to announce the limits of their area. But the audience is not always evident for these long love songs, which have many of the elements
related to human music: rhythm, melody (旋律), themes, repeating patterns, organization, variety, interest - all adding up to something humans have found beautiful for thousands of years. "Birds taught man," wrote Roman poet and philosopher (哲学家) Lucretius, "and taught them songs before their art began."
     What is the scientific value of such sounds? The advantage of hearing music in nature and trying to
reach out to nature through music is that though we don't fully understand it, it is so accessible.
     Music refuses explanation, but it clearly expresses something deep and important, which humans can't
live without. Finding music in the sound of birds, whales and other animals makes the farther frontiers
(边缘) of nature see much closer to us.

1. The underlined phrase "cautioned against" in Paragraph 1 probably means "_____".

A. warned against            
B. fought against
C. been filled with            
D. been satisfied with

2. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

A. We call the songs of birds' sounds because there is beauty that sounds pleasant to the ears.
B. It is believed that birds are singing to attract mates or to warn the limits of their areas.
C. The songs of a bird really carry an emotional message such as "aggression and caring".
D. It is not very long for people to know that birdsong does have something beautiful.

3. By saying "Birds taught man", what did Lucretius mean?

A. People teach rhythm, melody, themes, repeating patterns to birds.
B. Birds can teach people how to go on singing a song up to 24 hours.
C. Human music has, in fact, come from the sounds of birds in nature.
D. Humans learned something beautiful from the sounds of many animals

4. From the passage we know that music in nature _____.

A. can't be explained at all  
B. is very easy to pick up and listen to
C. can't be understood at all  
D. is of no scientific value

     Try imagining what the world will be like in the year 3000. Some serious thinkers are starting to imagine just that.
     Bart: I don't know that present-day electronic chips are, but some sort of chips - I'd guess maybe
plastic. Our three-pound brain is definitely a wonder, perhaps the greatest wonder of natural biology. In
this coming century, we'll be re-engineering the brain a piece at a time, first with implants (植入物) and
finally engineering an complete replacement. There's no question that in the distant future we'll play the
music of the mind on instruments different from the current ones. So, yes, chips are our destiny (命运).
     Edward: In 3000 perhaps the biggest difference from today is that there will be no more men. Females can have female children, without any need for men. In about ten years, we'll find the cocktail that women can take to have female children. There'll be no need for men at all.
     Greg: What is Heaven? Heaven's a place where you can create worlds at will, and the ideal Heaven is where you run the whole thing yourself. The current means of getting to Heaven involve various
supernatural systems for which, at this point, there's no scientific evidence. So I think we can reduce
Heaven to an engineering project which we're doing. The demand for Heaven is great-witness the desire of every human heart, from the people who built the ancient pyramids to modern society, to live beyond one's given time. Our plan is to change human consciousness from the brain to bits of information in a computer
chip, or some other kind of computational medium, so that just by thinking we'll be able to create our own personal world. And I think the first stage of Heaven will be the feeling world, and beyond that I think we'd find a higher, more spiritual plane.

1. According to Bart, the brain may be the greatest wonder in the future because _____.

A. it may weigh as much as 3 pounds  
B. it may be driven by plastic chips
C. it may be replaced by robots    
D. it may play the music of the mind

2. What does Bart refer to by saying "chips are our destiny"?

A. Chips are our last choice in the future.
B. Chips are on the way to controlling mind.
C. Chips are the production of future technology.
D. Chips are the implants in the distant future.

3. In 3000, what about the population of the world?

A. It will be all made up of females.  
B. It will be larger than that of present.
C. It will mainly consists of children.
D. It will be reduced by a drink of cocktail.

4. According to Greg, Heaven in the future is a place where _____.

A. your scientific idea exists    
B. you have once traveled
C. your own thought travels  
D. your material world is formed

     From the jagged (锯齿状的) peaks of the Himalayas to the powerful Yangtze River that flows into the Pacific, China's vast terrain (地带) and varied climate make it the sixth most biologically diverse nation on
the planet.
     Since 1998, The Nature Conservancy has been working in China's northwest Yunnan Province to
protect some of the amazing natural and cultural diversity unique to this country for its future generations. In cooperation with Chinese local and state government agencies, the Conservancy established the Yunnan
Great Rivers Project, which protects an area about the size of West Virginia.
     Did you know?
     ●China contains 10% of the world's total species.
     ●At least 15% of China's mammal species and 8% of its bird species are found nowhere else on
Earth.
     ●Nearly 15,000 plant species are native to Yunnan Province.
     ●Yunnan is home to 75% of Tibetan medicinal herbs and 30 endangered species.
     What is the Nature Conservancy trying to do?
     Education for Sustainability (可持续性)
     The Nature Conservancy recognizes that environmental education is an important element of working
closely with local communities to achieve sustainable conservation results. In response, the Conservancy
launched a new program called Education for Sustainability which tests means of teaching and learning that combine conservation goals, social justice, and appropriate development and participation in a vision and mission for personal and social change.
     Promoting Green Tourism
     Tourism is both an environmental threat and an economic opportunity, with the potential to provide
extremely needed income to northwest Yunnan. The Conservancy is working with local communities,
government agencies, and tourism ,enterprises(企业) to develop strategies for "green" tourism which will
limit the footprint of mass tourism while generating income for local people. In addition to combining
tourism development and management at our five action sites, we assisted with regional marketing efforts
to promote eco-tourism opportunities.

1. China ranks _____ among the most biologically diverse nations on the planet.

A. tenth
B. sixth
C. fifteenth
D. eighth

2. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the text?

A. The Nature Conservancy has been working in China's
B. The Nature Conservancy cooperated agencies in the Yunnan Great Rivers Project.
C. Nearly 10% of the world's plant species are native to Yunnan Province.
D. For the moment the Nature Conservancy is devoting itself to education for sustainability as well as eco-tourism.

3. To develop strategies for eco-tourism, the Nature Conservancy is working with the following EXCEPT _________.

A. West Virginia            
B. local communities
C. government agencies
D. tourism enterprises

4. Which of the following best shows the author's attitude towards tourism?

A. We should greatly promote tourism as it has no disadvantages.
B. Tourism is extremely helpful to people in Yunnan.
C. Tourism does no good to our environment.
D. Tourism is an opportunity for the economy as well as threat to the environment.

      As you dash outdoors in the middle of winter, you might make it halfway down the block before realizing
that your ears are freezing because you forgot your hat.
      Now, scientists have shown that even though you've had an apparent memory lapse (丧失), your brain
never forgot what you should have done.
      Memory works mainly by association. For example, as you try to remember where you left your keys,
you might recall you last had them in the living room, which reminds you that there was an ad for soap on
television, which reminds you that you need soap, and so on. And then, as you're heading out of the door to
buy soap, you remember that your keys are on the kitchen counter. Your brain knew where the keys were
all along. It just took a round-about way to get there. 
      Now, scientists at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies are studying associative memory in monkeys
to figure out just how this complicated process works. 
      First, the researchers trained a group of monkeys to remember arbitrary (任意的) pairs of symbols. The
researchers showed the monkeys one symbol (cold weather) and then gave them the choice of two other
symbols, one of which (a hat) would be associated with the first. A correct choice would earn them a sip of
their favorite juice.
      Most of the monkeys performed the test perfectly, but one kept making mistakes.
      "We wondered what happened in the brain when the monkey made the wrong choice, although it
apparently learned the right pairing of symbols," said study leader Thomas Albright.
      Albright and his team observed signals from the nerve cells in the monkey's inferior temporal cortex (ITC),
an area of its brain used for visual pattern recognition and for storing this type of memory.
      As the monkey was deciding which symbol to choose, about a quarter of the activity in the ITC was due
to the choice behavior.
      Meanwhile, more than half the activity was in a different group of nerve cells, which scientists believe
represent the monkey's memory of the correct symbol pairing, and surprisingly, these cells continued to fire
even when the monkey chose the wrong symbol.
      "In this sense, the cells 'knew' more than the monkeys let on in their behavior," Albright said. "Thus,
behavior may vary, but knowledge endures."

1. The example of the keys and soap is given to explain the relationship between ______.

A. memory lapse and human brain
B. memory and association
C. memory and television ads
D. memory and our daily life

2. Which of the following best expresses the general idea of the text?

A. Your brain may forget something, but not always.
B. Activity is a round-about way to memory.
C. Your brain remembers what you forget.
D. Monkeys have better memory than us.

3. The researchers believe the monkey that made the wrong choice ______.

A. also knew the correct answer
B. had the worst memory
C. failed to see the objects well
D. had some trouble with its nerve system

4. The underlined word "endures" may be best replaced by ______.

A. disappears
B. increases
C. improves
D. remains

     For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies-and other creatures-learn to do things because
certain acts lead to "rewards"; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely
believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological
(生理的) "drive" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort
of physical comfort, not otherwise.
     It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with
no reward except the successful outcome.
     Paousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so teach them to
carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a
baby who had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with
clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children's response in situation where no milk was provided.
He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the
movement"switched on a display of lights-and indeed that they were able to learn quite complicated turns to
bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side. 
     Papousek's light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation
that sometimes they would turn back to watch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble" when
the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of lights which pleased them, it
was the success that they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a
fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.

1. According to the author, babies learn to do things which _____.

A. are directly related to pleasure
B. will meet their physical needs
C. will bring them a feeling of success
D. will satisfy their curiosity

2. Papousek noticed in the studies that a baby _____.

A. would make learned response when it saw the milk
B. would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drink
C. would continue the simple movements without being given milk
D. would turn its head to right or life when it had enough to drink

3. In Papousek's experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to _____.

A. have the lights turned on
B. be rewarded with milk
C. please their parents
D. be praised

4. According to Papousek, the pleasure babies get in achieving is a reflection of _____.

A. a basic human desire to understand and control the world
B. the satisfaction of certain physiological needs
C. their strong desire to solve complex problem
D. a fundamental human urge to display their learned skills

    For thousands of years, man has enjoyed the taste of apples. Apples, which are about 85 percent water,
grow almost everywhere in the world but the hottest and coldest areas (地区). Among the leading countries
in apple production are China, France and the United States.
    There are various kinds of apples, but a very few make up the majority of those grown for sale. The three
most common kinds grown in the United States are Delicious, golden Delicious, and McIntosh. 　　
     Apples are different in colour, size, and taste. The colour of the skin may be red, green, or yellow. They
have various sizes, with Delicious apples being among the largest. The taste may be sweet or tart (酸的).
Generally, sweet apples are eaten fresh while tart apples are used to make applesauce (苹果酱). 　　
     Apple trees may grow as tall as twelve metres. They do best in areas that have very cold winters. Although
no fruit is yielded during the winter, this cold period is good for the tree.

1. It can be learned from the text that Delicious apples are _____.

A. grown in France　
B. sold everywhere
C. very big　　　　　　
D. quite sweet

2. Cold winter weather is good for _____.

A.the growth of apple trees　
B. producing large apples
C. improving the taste of apples　
D. the increase of water in apples

3. China, France and the United States are considered to _____.

A. be large producers of apples　
B. be large producers of applesauce
C. have the longest history in apple production
D. have the coldest winter among apple producing countries

4. The word yielded in the last sentence means _____.

A.improved
B. increased　
C.produced
D. sold

      Many Chinese students who have learnt English for more than ten years are still unable to speak English
very well when they meet a foreigner. They seem to have mastered the basic language structure (结构), but
a conversation in English will make them feel uneasy. They are afraid that other people might find out their
mistakes.
      It's uncommon that many students who are bad speakers of English can write English perfectly. This
proves that they are unable to organize their idea in English. The center of the problem is that they lack
practice and confidence (自信).
      Why should you be afraid? Do you fear those foreigners with whom you are speaking? Don't be shy,
they will not laugh at you just for a little mistake you make. The best way to get rid of trouble is to learn to
speak by speaking more. I am sure that constant practice will help you succeed.

1. What's the best topic for the passage?

A. How to Speak to Foreigners
B. How to Study English Well
C. How to Organize the Idea in English
D. Practise Speaking English All the Time

2. Many Chinese students can write English very well, but they cannot speak English fluently because _____.

A. they seldom meet foreigners
B. they seldom practise speaking English
C. they had no chance to speak English
D. they think it's enough to master the basic language structure only

3. So many Chinese students are afraid speak to foreigners because _____.

A. they are afraid they can't understand foreigners
B. they don't think their English is poor
C. they worry about making mistakes in their speaking
D. they didn't tike speaking to foreigners

1. What's the importance of Hawking's new findings?    

A. They could help solve the puzzle about black holes.
B. They has solved the mystery of "black holes".
C. We can now know what is going on inside "black holes".
D. Scientists have already predicted the future of "black holes" now.

2. What's the meaning of the underlined word "cosmologist" (in Paragraph 9)?  

A. A person who studies the universe and its origin and development. 
B. A person who studies the stars and their development.
C. A person who travels in a spacecraft.
D. A person who studies the position of the stars and the movements of the planets.

3. Which of the following is TRUE?  

A. Hawking has now studied black holes for more than 40 years.
B. During the course of the black hole's forming the enormous weight of the star's center
moves into the outer layers.
C. Almost nothing can escape from the gravitational pull of the black hole.
D. Scientists have been thinking the black hole contains no information.

4. What would be the best title for the passage?  

A. The Formation of the Black Hole 
B. Black Hole Information Paradox
C. Black Hole Mystery
D. The Cause of the Black Hole