"I sat-in at a restaurant for six months, and when they finally agreed to serve me, they didn't have what I
wanted"-so went a famous line. In reality, the sit-in movement was not a joke. It began in Greensboro, North
Carolina, at 4:30 P. M., on the afternoon of February 1, 1960. On that day, Ezell Blair Jr., Joseph McNeil,
David Richmond, and Franklin McClain entered an F. W. Woolworth store. They sat down at a segregated (隔
离的) lunch counter, ordered coffee, and then refused to leave when told, 'We don't serve Negroes.'"
     The four young men had expected not to be served. What no one had expected, however, was that they
would sit there and politely, but firmly, refuse to leave. This was 1960, and throughout the South black people
were not allowed to sit at the same lunch counters with whites, swim at the same beaches, use the same water
fountains, or worship at the same churches. Segregation was the law, and it meant separation of the races in
every way.
     The next day, the four returned to Woolworth's-this time accompanied by sixteen other students. Again
they sat at the lunch counter and requested service. Again they were refused. And again, they declined to leave.
On Wednesday, February 3, seventy students filled the Woolworth's store. This time, the group included white
students as well as black. Many brought school books and studied while they waited. By this time, their protest
had become known nationwide as a "sit-in".
     On Thursday, there was trouble. An angry group of white teenagers began shoving (推搡) and cursing them
but were quickly removed by the police. By February 10, the sit-in movement had spread to five other states.
     By September 1961, more than 70,000 people, both black and white, had participated in sit-ins at segregated
restaurants and lunch counters, kneel-ins at segregated churches, read-ins at segregated libraries, and swim-ins
at segregated pools and beaches. Over 3,600 people had been arrested, and more than 100 students had been
driven away. But they were getting results. On June 10, 1964, the U. S Senate passed a major civil rights bill
outlawing (宣布为非法) racial discrimination in all public places. President Lyndon Johnson signed it on July 2,
and it became law. But the highest credit still goes to the four brave students from North Carolina who first
sat-in and waited it out.

1. In this passage, "sit-in" refers to _____.

A. an activity where people sit together and drink coffee freely
B. a bill which outlaws racial discrimination in all public places
C. a form in which people peacefully sit and decline to leave
D. a polite behavior that everyone enjoys

2. Which statement can be concluded from the fifth paragraph in the passage?

A. The sit-in movement was not successful.
B. The sit-in movement had a positive result.
C. Only black people participated in sit-ins.
D. A lot of protesters were arrested, with some students driven away from school

3. What was the purpose of the civil rights bill passed in 1964?

A. The highest credit went to the four brave students.
B. It declared that segregation was a law.
C. The students were allowed to participate in sit-ins.
D. It made racial segregation against the law in all public places.

4. What is the passage mainly about?

A. Segregation was the law in the South.
B. The first sit-in was in 1960.
C. The sit-ins helped to end segregation.
D. The civil rights bill was passed in 1964 by the U. S. Senate.

     In Western countries people have been using the installment plan since the first half of the twentieth
century. Today, a large number of families in Great Britain buy furniture, household goods and cars by
installments. In the U. S., the figure is much higher than in Great Britain, and people there spend over 10
percent of their income on the installment plan.
     The price of an article bought on installments is always higher than the price that would be paid by cash.
There is a charge for interest. The buyer pays one quarter or one third of the price as a down payment when
the goods are delivered to him. He then makes regular payments, weekly or monthly, until the full price is paid
up. The legal ownership of the goods remains with the seller until the final payment has been made.
     Installment buying has advantages and disadvantages. It can help couples with small incomes to furnish
their homes and start housekeeping. It increases the demand for goods, and in this way helps business and
employment. There is, however, the danger that when business is bad, installment buying may end suddenly,
making business much worse. This may result in a great increase in unemployment. If the people on the
installment plan lose their jobs, they will probably not be able to make their payments. If great numbers of
people are not able to pay their installment debts there is a possibility that businessmen cannot collect their
debts and will therefore lose money. If businessmen lose money or fail to make a satisfactory profit, it
becomes more likely to have a depression. This is why, in some countries, the government controls the
installment plan by fixing the amount of the down payment and installments to discourage people from
buying more than they can pay for on the installment plan.

1. Which of the following is NOT true about the installment plan?

A. A lot of British families use the installment plan.
B. More than 10 percent American families buy things on installments.
C. Americans depend more on installment than British people do.
D. Americans spend one tenth of their income on installment buying.

2. Goods bought on installments are more expensive than goods bought by cash because _____.

A. the buyer has to pay extra money as interest
B. the delivery of the goods charges extra money
C. the buyer has to pay a down payment
D. the service offered by installment plan charged extra money

3. What will happen to a buyer if he fails to make the full payment for an item bought on installments?

A. He might lose his job.
B. He will stop owning the item he has bought.
C. He will have to sell what he has bought.
D. He will go into debt.

4. The advantage of installment buying might include all the following EXCEPT that _____.

A. purchasing power is strengthened
B. employment might be increased
C. people develop a good habit of saving money
D. young couples are able to furnish their homes

5. In some countries, the governments control the installment plan to _____.

A. increase employment
B. avoid depressions
C. ensure that businesses make good profits
D. ensure that people can pay for what hey buy

     "Who made your T-shirt?" A Geo letown University student raised that question. Pietra Rivoli, a professor
of business, wanted to find the answer. A few weeks later, she bought a T-shirt and began to follow its path
from Texas cotton. rim to Chinese factory to charity bin (慈善捐赠箱). The result is an interesting new book.
The trat ' s of a T-shirt in the Global Economy (经济).
      Following a T-shirt around the world in a way to make her point more interesting, but it also frees Rivoli
from the usual arguments over global trade. She goes wherever the T-shirt goes, and there are surprises
around every corner. In China, Rivoli shows why a clothing factory, even with its poor conditions, means a
step toward a better are for the people who word there. In the colorful used-clothing markets of Tanzania, she
realizes that "it is only in this final stage of life that the T-shirt will meet a real market," where the price of a
shirt changes by the hour and is different by its size and even color.
     Rivoli's book is full of me able people and scenes, like the noise, the bad air and the"muddy-sweet smell
(泥土香味) of the cotton." She says, "Here in the factory, Shanghai smells like Shallo water Texas." Rivoli is
her best when making those sorts of unexpected connections, She even finds one between the free traders and
those who are against globalization. The chances opened up by trade are vast, she argues, but free markets
need the correcting force of politics to keep them in check. True economic progress needs them both.

1. What do we learn about Professor Rivoli?

A. She used to work on a cotton farm.
B. She wrote a book about world trade.
C. She wants to give up her teaching job.
D. She wears a T-shirt wherever she goes.

2. By saying T-shirts "meet a real market", Rivoli means in Tanzania _____.

A. cheaper T-shirts are needed
B. used T-shirts are hard to sell
C. prices of T-shirts rise and fall frequently
D. prices of T-shirts are usually reasonable

3. What does the word"them" underlined in the last paragraph refer to?

A. Free markets.
B. Price changes.
C. Unexpected connections.
D. Chances opened up by trade.

4. What would be the best title for the text?

A. What T-shirts Can Do to Help Cotton Farms
B. How T-shirts Are Made in Shanghai
C. How T-shirts Are Sold in Tanzania
D. What T-shirts Can Teach Us

     Last year more than one million Filipinos worked abroad as servants, nurses, sailors and in other difficult
but low-paid jobs. Southeast Asians leave their poorer countries for their richer neighbours.
     Many of these wage-earners return in the end. In the meantime, they send home huge amounts of money-
in the Philippines' case, over 10% of its GDP. Between January and November, the amount was up 18% on
the same period of 2005, Poverty and unemployment are still high in the Philippines and other labour-exporting
(劳务输出) countries. They would be far worse but for this outflow of bodies and inflow of dollars. As for
those Asian countries that import (输入) labour, as in Europe, falling birth rates mean they are going to need
more foreign workers.
     On January 13th leaders of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) signed an agreement to
help migrant (流动的) workers-with the realization that the flow of labour between their countries is a growing
problem that they cannot blame on outsiders. A 2005 study showed that 8.4 million Southeast Asians worked
outside their home countries, but this did not include the huge numbers of Indonesians doing so without papers.
So the true total is probably rather higher.
     Of the ten ASEAN countries, the Philippines, Indonesia, Myanmar, Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos export
labour, Singapore and Brunei import it, and Thailand and Malaysia do both. Sziraczki of the UN's International
Labour Organization points out that, in the next ten years, the total labour force of the worker exporting
countries should grow by about a third. It makes sense to work on the problem before it gets out of control.
     People in the receiving countries seem to be worried about competition for their jobs. Most Thais said their
government should admit (准入) no more foreign workers, and a few thought otherwise. Even in Singapore,
just over ball of people are against admitting more foreign workers. Malaysians think that the increase in foreign
workers has worsened crime rates (犯罪率).

1. It can be inferred from the case of the Philippines that _____. 

A. the country is Asia's main source of migrant workers
B. labour exports lead to a 10% growth of its GDP
C. the outflow of labour helps solve its social problems
D. the country both exports and imports labour force

2. The flow of labour is a growing problem because _____.

A. there is a greater flow of labour than reported
B. more Indonesians work abroad without papers
C. some countries suffer from low birth rates
D. the ASEAN is against admitting foreign workers

3. For the labour-importing countries, the flow of labour may lead to _____.

A. higher birth rates
B. lower crime rates
C. greater money inflows
D. stronger job competition

4. The writer of the text seems to _____.

A. support the flow of labour between countries
B. report fairly on the question of labour flow
C. express his worries over the ASEAN's decision
D. regard the outflow of labour as a serious problem

     As societies develop, their members start to see things not so much according to what they need, but
according to what they want. When people have enough money, these wants become demands.
     Now, it's important for the managers in a company to understand what their customers want if they
are going to develop effective marketing strategies (策略). There are various ways of doing this. One way
at supermarkets (超市), for example, is to interview (采访) customers while they' re doing their shopping.
They can be asked what they prefer to buy and then the results of the research can be studied. This provides
information on which to base future marketing strategies. It's also quite normal for top managers from
department stores to spend a day or two each month visiting stores and mixing freely with the public, as if
they were ordinary customers, to get an idea of how customers act.
     Another way to get information from customers is to give them something. For example, some fast food
restaurants give away tickets in magazines or on the street that permit customers to get part of their meal for
nothing. As well as being a good way of attracting customers into the restaurants to spend their money, it
also allows the managers to get a feel for where to attract customers and which age-groups to attract. Another
strategy used at some well-known parks such as Disneyland is for top managers to spend at least one day in
their work, touting the park dressed as Mickey Mouse or something like that. This provides them with a
perfect chance to examine the scene and watch the customers without being noticed.

1. The text is designed for _____.

A. mangers
B. salesmen
C. researchers
D. customers

2. Which of the following can help managers get useful information?

A. Visiting customers themselves.
B. Giving customers free food on the street.
C. Visiting parks as ordinary customers.
D. Asking customers questions at supermarkets.

3. What does the word "this" underlined in the last sentence refer to?

A. Visiting Disneyland.
B. Wearing attractive clothes.
C. Acting Mickey Mouse.
D. Dressing up and walking around.

4. The main idea of the text is _____.

A. how to do market research
B. how to develop marketing strategies
C. how to find out customers' social needs
D. how to encourage customers to spend more money

     Recently, another study has been carried out about who is the greatest American president. Sixty-five
presidential historians took part in it and they judged the past forty-two American leaders based on ten qualities
of leadership, which include public persuasion, crisis (危机) leadership, the management of economy, moral
leadership and international relations. The historians also looked at administrative (行政的) ability, relations
with Congress, goal setting and pursuit (追求) of equal justice for all. Finally, the experts considered
performance based on the historical period in which the president lived.
     The historians chose Abraham Lincoln as America's greatest president. He had also been named best
president in a similar study in 2000. Abraham Lincoln was the only president in American history to lead the
nation during the Civil War in the 1860s. He united the nation at last. And he took the first steps that detroyed
the institution of slavery in America.
     Edna Medford is a professor of history at Howard University in Washington, D.C. She was an adviser on
this study and the ealier one. She says Abraham Lincoln is seen to represent the values that the nation most
honors like truthfulness, moderation (温和) and respect for human rights.
     The historians named America's first president, George Washington, as second on the list of greatest
presidents. Franklin D. Roosevelt, theodore Roosevelt and Harry Truman are next in that order. John F.
Kennedy, the coutry's first Roman Catholic president, is sixth on the list. Like Abraham Lincoln, John F.
Kennedy was murdered while in office. Among recent presidents, Ronald Reagan was named the tenth best
president. Bill Clinton was rated fifteenth. And the historians rated former president George W. Bush as number
thirty-six. His fathter, George H.W. Bush, did much better. He was rated as number eighteen.

1. Abrahm Lincoln was chosen as America's greatest president mainly because ______.

A. he led the people to end slavery and united the nation
B. he caused the Civil War and fought against slavery
C. he was the only president to join in a civil war
D. he owned the ten qualities of leadership

2. According to the recent study, a good president wouldn't ______.

A. persuade the public to follow some rules
B. take measures to deal with an economic crisis
C. start a war between countries
D. run after equal justice for the people

3. Which of the following presidents did worst when he was in power according to the recent study?

A. John F. Kennedy.
B. George Washington
C. Bill Clinton
D. George W. Bush

4. According to the passage, the greatest American president from Mo.1 to No.6 should be ____.

A. Abraham Lincoln → George Washington → Franklin D. Roosevelt → Theodore Roosevelt
     → Harry Truman → John F. Kennedy
B. Abraham Lincoln → George Washington → Theodore Roosevelt→ Franklin D. Roosevelt
    → John F. Kennedy → Harry Truman
C. George Washington →Abraham Lincoln →John F. Kennedy →Theodore Roosevelt →Harry
    Truman → Franklin D. Roosevelt
D. Abraham Lincoln → John F. Kennedy → GeorgeWashington → TheodoreRoosevelt → Harry
    Truman → Franklin D. Roosevelt

     The campaign is over. The celebrations have ended. And the work for US president-elect Barack Obama
has begun.
     The 47-year-old politician rose to the highest post because of his stand against the war in Iraq and his plans
to fix a weak economy. But what will the first 47-year-old African-American president do for race relations?
     Obama's victory appears to have given blacks and other minorities a true national role model. For years,
many looked to athletes and musicians for inspiration. As Darius Turner, an African-American high school
student in Los Angeles, told the Los Angeles Times, "Kobe doesn't have to be everybody's role model
anymore."
     Recent polls (民意测验) also suggest that Obama's victory has given Americans new optimism about race
relations. For example, a USA Today poll found that two-thirds of Americans believe relations between blacks
and whites "will finally be worked out". This is the most hopeful response since the question was first asked
during the civil rights revolution in 1963.
     However, it's still too early to tell whether Obama's presidency will begin to solve many of the social problems facing low-income black communities.
     Although blacks make up only 13 percent of the US population, 55 percent of all prisoners are
African-American. Such numbers can be blamed on any number of factors on America's racist past, a failure
of government policy and the collapse (瓦解) of the family unit in black communities.
     It is unlikely that Obama will be able to reverse (扭转) such trends overnight. However, Bill Bank, an expert
of African-American Studies, says that eventually young blacks need to find role models in their own
communities."That's not Martin Luther King, and not Barack Obama," he told the Los Angeles Times."It's
actually the people closest to them. Barack only has so much influence."
      In the opinion of black British politician Trevor Phillips, Obama's rise will contribute more to
multiculturalism than to race relations in the US.
      "When the G8 meets, the four most important people in the room will be the president of China, the prime
minister of India, the prime minister of Japan and Barak Obama," he told London's The Times newspaper."It
will be the first time we've seen that on our television screens. That will be a huge psychological shift (心理转变) for both the white people and the colored ones in the world."

1. For years, before Obama was elected president of the US, _______.

A. Kobe was the only role model for all the blacks
B. blacks could only find role models on the basketball court
C. minorities in America couldn't find role models in their real life
D. American blacks had no role model who was successful in political area

2. According to Bill Bank, ________.

A. it's better for young blacks to find role models in those who are close to them
B. young blacks should not be so much influenced by Obama
C. blacks should find other role models because Obama is far from their reality
D. Obama is not the proper role model for African-Americans

3. What would be the best title for this passage?

A. The First African-American President
B. America's New Role Model
C. Obama- A Successful Black.
D. Choosing a Right Role Model

4. What will be the huge psychological shift Trevor mentioned at the end of the passage?

A. The other three leaders all support Obama.
B. Obama is an African-American president.
C. None of the four leaders is white.
D. The other three leaders except Obama are from Asian countries.

     Making pulp (纸浆) and paper is a traditional industry in Canada. According to the Canadian Pulp and
Paper Association, Canada supplies 34% of the world's wood pulp and 49% of its newsprint paper. If these
paper products could be produced in some other way, Canadian forests could be left. Recently, a possible
way of producing paper has been suggested by agriculturalists and environmentalists: a plant called hemp (麻).
     Hemp has been grown for a long time. It produces fiber which can be made into paper, fuel, oil, food and
rope. For centuries, it was very important to the economies of many countries because it was used to make
big ropes used on sailing ships. The worldwide trading network would not have been possible without hemp.
Nowadays, ships' ropes are usually made from wire or fibers, but scientists are now suggesting growing hemp.
In fact, four times as much paper can be produced from land using hemp rather than trees, and many
environmentalists believe that the large-scale growing of hemp could reduce the pressure on Canada's forests.
     However, there is a problem: hemp is illegal in many countries of the world. This plant, which is related to
the plant from which a drug called marijuana (大麻毒品) is produced, is very useful for fiber, rope, oil and
fuel. In the late 1930s,a movement to ban the drug marijuana began, resulting in the banning of the growing
not only of the plant used to produce the drug, but also of the commercial fiber producing hemp plant. In fact,
the drug marijuana cannot be produced from the hemp plant, since it doesn't contain the active ingredient (成
分)in the drug. In recent years, many people try to make it legal to grow the plant and sell the fiber for
production.

1. Why is pulp and paper production important to Canada?

A. Canada needs to find a way to use all its spare wood.
B. Canada publishes a lot of newspapers and books.
C. Pulp and paper export is a major source of earning money for Canada.
D. Hemp is a traditional plant of Canada.

2. In the past worldwide trade, the plant hemp was used as _______.

A. a material for ships' ropes
B. a very rewarding export
C. fuel for ships
D. food for sailors

3. Hemp was banned because _______.

A. it is related to the marijuana plant
B. it can be used to produce marijuana
C. it was no longer a useful crop
D. it was harmful to the land

4. According to the passage, what can be used to make paper?

A. Trees.
B. Hemp plant.
C. Marijuana plant.
D. Both trees and hemp plant.

     The new dollar coin honors Thomas Jefferson, the nation's third president. The nation's first president,
George Washington, was honored with a similar coin in February. A coin honoring second president John
Adams appeared in May. And one honoring fourth president James Madison will follow in November.
      Congress created the program in the Presidential Dollar Coin Act of 2005. it calls for the secretary of
the treasury to design and produce presidential dollar coins honoring each president in the order in which
they served. Four coins will be released each year.
     The coins show the president and his years in office on one side. The other side shows the Statue of
Liberty.
     The presidential coins are the same size and color and have an educational value. They can teach the
American public about past presidents.
     A study carried out last month found that the public does not really know much about the presidents.
Only about thirty percent of Americans could name Thomas Jefferson as the nation's third president.
Ninety-four percent knew that George Washington was the first president. But only seven percent could
name the first four presidents in order.

1. How many presidential coins have been released by now according to Para.1 _____.

A. None
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four

 2. According to the passage, presidential coins _____.

A. are released in the order in which presidents served
B. will be released four coins each year
C. are the same size and color and have an educational value
D. all the above

3. A study showed the following statements EXCEPT ______.

A. only about 30% of Americans could know Thomas Jefferson
B. 94percent knew that George Washington was the first president
C. only seven percent could name the first four presidents in order
D. only about 30% of Americans could name Thomas Jefferson as the nation's third president

4. The presidential coins aims to _____.

A. teach the American public about past presidents
B. release some new coins for the public
C. help collectors of coins
D. show America are rich and developed

     For centuries, farmers have used windmills to pump water, crush grain and perform other tasks. Today,
farmers can earn money with high-powered wind turbines (发电机) that produce electricity. Wind power has
become big business, especially in Europe.
     In the United States, less than one percent of electricity is produced from wind energy. But production
increased one hundred sixty percent between 2000 and 2005. So says Keith Collins, the chief economist at
the Department of Agriculture, in a statement he prepared for a Senate committee last month.
     An even greater increase is expected between 2005and 2010. Farmers are providing land to turbine owners
or, in some cases, owing the equipment themselves.
     Mister Collins says one reason for the increase is high prices for natural gas. Another is a federal tax credit (税收抵免) for wind production. The credit is almost two cents per kilowatt hour for the first ten years of
production for a project.
     The production tax credit for renewable forms of energy was supposed to end this December. But
Congress has extended it through 2008
     Other reasons for the expansion include improved turbine technology and lower production costs. They
also include policies that make it easier for wind power producers to sell their electricity. And they include the
growth of markets for "green power"-energy that does not create pollution.
     California is the leading state for wind power. But Mister Collins says production is also growing in
Minnesota and other Midwestern states, all the way down to Texas. And he says many states in the West and
Midwest have the wind resources to produce much more wind power.
     Wind power offers farmers a way to earn money for use of their land or, if they want, to operate their
own turbines. Wind is free, of course. Not only that, the land under the turbines can usually be farmed. And
farmers may be able to earn extra money by charging visitors to see their wind farm.
      But wind farms are not perfect. Keep in mind that there has to be enough wind to earn a profit. Also, the
turbines can kill birds. And people sometimes object to the development of wind farms. They consider them
ugly and noisy.

1. In ____ wind power is widely used to produce electricity.

A. America
B. Midwest
C. Europe
D. West

2. According to Mister Collins the reasons for the increase of wind using are ______.

A. natural gas is expensive
B. the tax is less for wind production
C. wind energy is green energy
D. both A and B

3. Which of the following can replace the underlined word in the last paragraph?

A. refuse
B. accept
C. agree to
D. are afraid of

4. From the passage we can conclude that _____.

A. the government in the USA supports the use of wind power
B. California has the most wind resource in the world
C. visitors can watch the wind farm free
D. wind power can bring farmers some trouble