Culture shock is so named because of the effect it has on people when they enter a new culture.
Experts have been interested in these effects and have agreed on five basic stages of culture shock.
These stages are general and should only be used as a reference. Not every individual will go through
each stage, and one stage may last longer than another for different individuals.
     The hardest thing for most travelers to deal with is the emotional "roller coaster" they seem to be
riding. One moment they feel very positive toward the new culture, and the next moment very negative.
It seems common that international visitors and immigrants vacillate(犹豫不定)between loving and
hating a new country. Feelings of separation and alienation can be intensified if they do not have a
sense of fitting in or belonging.
     Fatigue is another problem people face when entering a new culture. There can be a sense of
greater need for sleep. This is due not only to physical tiredness, but also to mental fatigue. This
mental fatigue comes from straining to comprehend the language, and coping with new situation.
     The impact of culture shock can vary from person to person. There can be significant differences
because some people may be better prepared to enter a new culture. Four factors which play into
these are personality, language ability, length of stay, and the emotional support received.
      It is logical to think that when people are deprived of heir familiar surroundings they will feel
disoriented. One solution some have found is to bring a few small reminders of home. Pictures, wall
hangings, favorite utensils, and keepsake are all good candidates to make things feel more familiar.
Another helpful activity is to establish little routines that become familiar over time. Even better is
fitting things that were part of the regular routine back in the home country into the routine established
in the new culture. This will make people feel more at home.
     (Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)
1. According to the 1st paragraph, what have experts been interested in?
2. What are the two problems people face when entering a new culture?
3. Coping with new situations may result in__________.
4. The author thinks the more effective way to solve "cultural shock" is__________.

     Culture shock is so named because of the effect it has on people when they enter a new culture.
Experts have been interested in these effects and have agreed on five basic stages of culture shock.
These stages are general and should only be used as a reference. Not every individual will go
through each stage, and one stage may last longer than another for different individuals.
     The hardest thing for most travelers to deal with is the emotional "roller coaster" they seem to be
riding. One moment they feel very positive toward the new culture, and the next moment very
negative. It seems common that international visitors and immigrants vacillate between loving and
hating a new country. Feelings of separation and alienation can be intensified if they do not have a
sense of fitting in or belonging.
     Extreme tiredness is another problem people face when entering a new culture. There can be a
sense of a greater need for sleep. This is due not only to physical tiredness, but also to mental fatigue.
This mental fatigue comes from straining to comprehend the language, and coping with new situations.
     The impact of culture shock can vary from person to person. There can be significant differences
because some people may be better prepared to enter a new culture. Four factors which play into
these are personality, language ability, length of stay, and the emotional support received.
     It is logical to think that when people are deprived of their familiar surroundings they will feel
disoriented. One solution some have found is to bring a few small reminders of home. Pictures,
wall hangings, favorite utensils, and keepsakes(纪念品)are all good candidates to make things feel
more familiar. Another helpful activity is to establish little routines that become familiar over time.
Even better is fitting things that were part of the regular routine back in the home country into the
routine established in the new culture. This will make people feel more at home.

1. A person experiencing "culture shock" is mostly like            .

A. a dog without shelter
B. a bird back home
C. a horse lack of training
D. a fish out of water

2. What does the underlined word "vacillate" in the second paragraph mean?

A hesitate
B. stop
C. watch
D. suffer

3. What is the result for one experiencing "culture shock"?

A. Seeming to be riding a roller coater.
B. Having to agree on five basic stages.
C. Having all home things taken abroad.
D. Suffering both physically and mentally.

4. To overcome "culture shock", one had better         .

A. make some necessary changes in one's way of life
B. recall part of regular routine in the home country
C. buy a few reminders like pictures or wall hangers
D. enjoy things brought from home country more often

1. If you are invited to a formal dinner party in Paris，you’d better ________.

A. reply to it within two days and send flowers in advance
B. arrive exactly on time at the dinner party
C. bring a bottle of good wine to the dinner party
D. telephone to ask if you could bring a good friend to the party

2. Which of the following is TRUE about sending flowers?

A. If someone is dead，send carnations.
B. If someone is ill in hospital，send calla lilies.
C. If you are invited to a dinner party，send red roses to the hostess.
D. If you are in love with someone，send red roses.

3. If you are too busy to send flowers in advance，you should ________.

A. bring a bouquet of flowers when you go to the party
B. send a bouquet of flowers afterwards with a thankyou note
C. bring a bottle of wine instead of a bouquet of flowers
D. telephone to tell the hostess the truth

4. The text is mainly about ________.

A. how to hold a dinner party
B. how to send flowers
C. how to behave well at a French dinner party
D. how different countries have different manners

     On Easter Day, 1722, Dutch explorers (探索者) landed on Easter Island (复活岛). It was the first
time that Easter Islanders had met people from the outside world. The strangers were about to discover
something very strange themselves -that they were on an island with hundreds of huge stone statues (雕像). The Dutch explorers wondered where the Islanders had come from and why and how they had built
the statues. Now science is putting together the story.
    The first people to arrive on the island came there around A.D. 700. The society that developed there
was based on fishing and farming to feed the population, which grew to 12,000. Its success showed itself
in a way that has become the island's trademark (标记): hundreds of huge stone figures -the moai.
    None of the moai was standing when scientists first arrived. People put them back up later; but how
had a Stone Age society ever made, moved and set them up there in the first place? And why?
    There are nearly 900 moai on Easter Island, and while the questions about them remain unanswered, no one doubts the years of effort that must have gone into making them.
    The real killer of the Easter Islanders came from across the ocean. After 1722, it became popular for
explorers to visit Easter Island, bringing diseases. The final blow (打击) came in 1862, when slave traders came from Peru and took away 1,500 people, one-third of the population.

1. Before the Dutch explorers arrived on Easter Island, _____.

A. Easter Island was separate from the outside world
B. they knew where Islanders had come from
C. they discovered something dangerous    
D. the huge stone statues were upright

2. When the first explorers arrived on the island, they _____.

A. were frightened by the huge stone statues
B. were surprised by what they saw
C. set many of the moai on the island upright
D. fished and farmed

3. All researchers agree that _____.

A. the natives could hardly support themselves
B. the moai must have taken a great effort to make
C. the Islanders mainly died of diseases brought by explorers
D. the explorers helped the Islanders live better lives

4. The passage implies that _____.

A. the Islanders built the moai to show off their success
B. the Dutch explorers discovered how the moai had been built
C. in 1862, before slave traders came, about 4,500 people were living on Easter Island
D. the natives of Easter Island have been there for about 1,200 years

5. "The real killer" in the last paragraph refers to _____.

A. the slave traders              
B. the scientists
C. the explorers                
D. the moai

     From bankers to factory staff, employees in the West face a cold "prospect" of losing
their jobs as a global recession(衰退) starts to bite. For colleagues in the East, the pain is more
likely to come through a pay cut.
     Human resource experts say cultural differences explain why Asian companies try harder to
preserve jobs in difficult times, which will prevent unemployment and may help Asian economies
survive at a time of slowing exports. The East Asian attitude may also make it easier for companies
to recover quickly from the economic downturn since they will not need to rehire or train new staff,
but build up a more loyal and devoted group.
     "In the Confucian mindset(儒家思想), the right thing to do is to share the burden, which is the
sense of collective(集体的)responsibility. While in the West, it's more about individual survival,"
said Michael Benoliel, associate professor of organizational behavior at Singapore Management
University (SMU).
     In contrast, local Western companies from General Motors to Goldman Sachs plan to lay off
workers by the thousands, but at the Asian units of Western multinationals or western units of Asian
groups, job cuts will probably be less severe.
     Japan's jobless rate was 4 percent in September, up from 3.8 percent in January, while Hong
Kong's was flat at 3.4 percent. But US unemployment is expected to have jumped to 6.3 percent
last month from below 5 percent in January.
     Experts say that while there are noticeable differences in labor practices in East and West, the
gap will narrow as more firms become more multinational and competition forces firms to adopt the
best practices of rivals from abroad.

1. The underlined word "prospect" in the first paragraph most probably means _________.

A. weather    
B. scene    
C. future    
D. place

2. Compared with job cuts, pay cuts can bring the following benefits EXCEPT that _________.

A. it's helpful to the economy recovery
B. it costs the company less money to survive
C. it will keep the experienced and skilled workers
D. it can form a team working harder and more loyally

3. According to Michael Benoliel, the Confucian mindset focuses on _________.
A. human rights                
B. sharing responsibility
C. personal profits              
D. individual survival

4. In which company can we infer the job cuts will be probably the most severe?

A. A local American group.
B. A small Japanese company.
C. A German branch of a Korean multinational.
D. A Hong Kong's unit of a French company.

5. The passage mainly tells us ________.

A. the difficulties all the companies around the world will meet with today
B. the cultural differences between Eastern and Western world at present
C. the ways to cut down the cost of the companies in economic downturn
D. the different labor solutions of Asian and Western in global recession

     The International Red Cross and Red Crescent(弯月) Museum was opened in Geneva in 1988.
   1     tells the story of men and women who, in the course of the major events of the last 150 years,
have given assistance    2   victims of wars and natural disasters.
     The organization    3   (found) in 1863, and was based on an idea by a Swiss businessman called
Henry Dunant. He had witnessed too many    4   (die) and wounds at the Battle of Solferino in Italy
four years    5   (early), in which 40,000 people were killed, wounded or missing. He had seen the
lack of medical
services and the great suffering of many of the wounded,  6   simply died from lack of care. The
International Red Cross/Red Crescent exists    7   (help) the victims of conflicts and disasters
regardless oftheir nationality.
       8   symbol of the organization was originally just the red cross. It has no religious significance;
the founders    9   the movement adopted it in honor of Switzerland. However, the original symbol,
the red cross, could hurt Muslim soldiers' feelings,    10   a second symbol, the red crescent, was used.
Both are now official symbols.

     Just like the United States,Britain is divided into different areas. Britain is one of the most
diverse nations in Europe with over 250 different languages being spoken in London alone.
With such a various culture,adapting to it can be a challenge for anyone. Following these steps
should be of great help to you.
     Forget the stereotypes (成见). Many of the long formed stereotypes simply have nothing
to do with Britain today. Don't think that everyone enjoys drinking tea or beer. Abandoning some
old ideas of people and culture will allow you to be more open-minded and easily get into the culture.
     Understand the differences. Britain is made up of different areas that have their different
traditions and languages. Understanding different cultures will help you avoid making mistakes.
     Get used to small spaces. The US is a huge country where people are used to bigger cars,
houses and spaces.__________, Britain does not have the luxury of space. Houses,apartments
and cars are all smaller than you are used to,so trying to become familiar with smaller areas is very
necessary.
     Be polite. Always apologize for knocking into someone, even if it was their fault. Respect
people's personal space and always wait in line. Bill Brysons' book Notes from a small island is
filled with many useful tips.
     Accept the jokes. One of the most confusing aspects of British culture is humor. Kidding,
teasing,or "taking the mick" are all ways to describe making fun of someone but this isn't necessarily
a bad thing. Playing tricks on someone is a common way to show affection. As Britons usually put
it,"you never make fun of someone you don't like".

1. What's the best title of the passage? (no more than 6 words)
_______________________________________________________________________

2. Complete the following statement with words from Paragraph 1.(no more than 2 words)Because
    of a different culture, it is a very difficult task for anyone to ______it.
_______________________________________________________________________

3. Why does Britain have so many different cultures? (no more than 15 words)
_______________________________________________________________________

4. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4. (no more than 4 words)
_______________________________________________________________________

5. What does the word "this" (Line 3,Paragraph 6) probably refer to? (no more than 5 words)
_____________________________________________________________________

     When the Japanese attacked America's ships at Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941,they did it secretly. The makers of the movie Pearl Harbor have behaved differently.
     The noise about Pearl Harbor,made by Disney,has reached its highest point with its premiere (首次公演) before the movie opens in cinemas across the US at the start of the Memorial Day holiday weekend,a time to recall national heroes who sacrificed their lives on the battlefield.
     As Ben Affleck is the main star,the movie seems sure to become a success in the United States at least.
At almost three hours in length,it promises to be a good old Hollywood movie. There is a love story. Affleck and his co－star,Josh Hartnett,both fall in love with the navy nurse,Kate Beckinsale and,of course,there is much human courage and love of country.
     It's certain that Disney will be accused of "changing" history.The showing of actual events in a movie always causes arguments.
     Bits of the story are deliberately not mentioned in the movie.It does not address the theory held by some historians that President Franklin Roosevelt knew about Japan's intention to attack the ships in Pearl Harbor.It is said he did nothing,as he was aware that such a blow would allow him to take America into the Second World War.
     Japan remains sensitive about being accused of wartime atrocities (暴行).And Disney is sensitive about its business in Japan,where it has a theme park.
     Not all the reviews of the movie have been full of praise.A reviewer for Newsweek,who was given an early preview,acknowledged that the 40－minute sequence (连续镜头) showing the attack itself was powerful.The attack comes quite late in the movie,however,and the reviewer was less impressed with the characters and the love story.
     "Almost every line of the dialogue sounds like it comes from an old movie," the reviewer wrote.

1. From the passage we can infer that the Memorial Day refers to________.

A.the day the United States was founded
B.the day people remember their ancestors
C.a day people celebrate the victories of World War Ⅱ
D.a day people remember those who died in wars

2. From the passage we know that Ben Affleck________.

A.regarded Josh Hartnett as an enemy
B.may be a very popular movie star
C.experienced the Pearl Harbor Incident
D.was in love with the actress Kate Beckinsale

3. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Pearl Harbor?

A.The movie will cause a lot of arguments.
B.The movie has made the Japanese angry.
C.The movie truly describes the Pearl Harbor Incident.
D.The movie shows that President Roosevelt knew about Japan's intention.

4. According to the passage,what does the reviewer for Newsweek think of the movie?

A.The scenes of the attack leave no impression.
B.The dialogue in the movie is original and creative.
C.The attack scenes occupy too much time of the movie.
D. The characters and the love story are less attractive.

5. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A.Ben Affleck in Pearl Harbor.
B.The True Fact of Pearl Harbor.
C.Reviewer:Pearl Harbor is a success.
D.Attention!Pearl Harbor is arriving.