阅读理解
     People are more likely to wash their hands properly after using the toilet if they are shamed into it or
think they are being watched, scientists said on Thursday.
     Hand-washing is the cheapest way of controlling disease but less than one third of men and two thirds
of women wash their hands with soap after going to the toilet, a British study by the London School of
Hygiene and Tropical Medicine showed.
     But when prompted by an electronic message flashing up on a board asking: "Is the person next to you washing with soap?," around 12 percent more men and 11 percent more women used soap.
     Health authorities around the world are stepping up efforts to persuade people to be more hygienic and wash their hands properly to help slow the spread of H1N1 swine flu, which was declared a pandemic
(大流行病) by the World Health Organization in June.
     "Hand-washing with soap has been ranked the most effective way for the worldwide control of
disease," the study's authors wrote.
     "It could save more than a million lives a year from diarrhoeal diseases, and prevent respiratory(呼吸)
infections -- the biggest causes of child mortality(死亡) in developing countries."
     In developed nations, hand-washing can help prevent the spread of viral infections like flu and sickness and diarrhea bugs like norovirus and rotavirus, as well as hospital-acquired infections like MRSA and
C-difficile, the authors said.
     The researchers studied the behavior of a quarter of a million people using toilets at motorway service
stations in Britain over 32 days. Use of soap was monitored by sensors.
     The study, published in the American Journal of Public Health to mark Global Hand-washing Day,
showed that with no reminders, 32 percent of men and 64 percent of women used soap.
1. In which of the following situation can people wash their hands properly?
A. After they going to toilet.
B. when they think they are being watched.
C. When they think their hands are dirty.
D. When they find soap nearby.
2. Which of the following is the main advantage of hand-washing?
A. people can always get their hands clean.
B. People can save a lot of time and water.
C. It is the cheapest way of controlling disease.
D. It wastes no any time and energy.
3. What is the biggest cause of child death in developing countries?
A. respiratory infections.
B. diarrhoeal diseases.
C. H1N1 swine flu.
D. hospital-acquired infections.
4. Which of the following is true according to the seventh paragraph?
A. Hand-washing is popular in the developed countries.
B. They authorities persuaded the people to wash their hands daily.
C. More and more people know to wash their hands properly.
D. The spread of viral infections is a serious problem.
5. We can conclude from the passage that _______.
A. Most people wash their hands after going to toilet.
B. Many people can not wash their hands properly.
C. Few people know Global Hand-washing Day.
D. H1N1 swine flu was declared a pandemic.

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补全短文
     Ancient Rome was one of the world's most powerful empires more than 2 000 years ago.The
Romans' ideas about roads,laws,government and buildings still influence us today.Italy is shaped like a
boot.
     The Colosseum in Rome was built during the time of the Roman Empire,in the first century A. D.__1__It is a popular tourist attraction today.
     Italy  is  wellknown  for  its  designers,who  create  cars,handbags,clothes,shoes and other items that
are in demand for their style and fine workmanship.
     Today,the economy of Italy is stronger than in the past.__2__Today,manufacturing and tourism are the main sources of income.There are  some  big  companies,but  Italy  has  many  smaller companies,too.
__3__The southern part does not offer as many manufacturing jobs,so it is not as prosperous.
     Italy is a member of the European Union,a group of countries that join together for better trade.The
currency,or money,they use is called the"euro".
     Food and eating good meals are important to Italians.__4__
     Popular foods include pasta,risotto,minestrone and pizza.McDonald's is also popular there.
     Many families still eat their main meal in the middle of the day.__5__ Families spend a lot of time
together.
A. The family is very important to the Italian way of life.
B. The country used to depend on agriculture.
C. Mountains cover about threefourths of the country.
D. It could seat about 50 000 people,who went to see fights between animals and people.
E. While there are some supermarkets,many people shop at small,neighborhood markets.
F. Italy has several islands off the coast.
G. The northern part of the country is the main manufacturing center.

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     Working from home is more and more popular as a means of escaping the ninetofive office life.Why do you work under the eye of your boss when you can work in front of the TV in your slippers?Armed with
all the necessary things-telephone, computer, email and fax, many workers believe they can work as
effectively as their colleagues in the office.Being able to work wherever you like:from a busy city to a
village, and not having to stand the daily things, make working from home an attractive choice.If you wish, you can even work on a river boat.
     So what will become of the office tomorrow?It is possible that many could go into computer space
creating a new wave of virtual(虚拟的) offices.To minimize office in innercity areas, companies will have a work force made up of a network of home workers linked by an advanced communication and
information system.A central processing computer would be controlled by the manager who sends out
work schedules and oversees(监视) the activity of each employee.
     A video screen would be created, as the need for email or telephone becomes greater.Seeing the
mood and expressions of work colleagues, managers would have the ability to view several employees at
once on their screen.Employees would be encouraged to feed any information that may be useful to fellow workers into the computer to make the company work more effectively.As the company's lifeblood, the
computer would contain a record of all conversations and communication for future reference and hold
secret information such as accounts in password(口令) protected areas.
1. The passage is mainly about ________.
A. the importance of working in the future
B. how to escape your office
C. how to work with a computer
D. virtual offices in the future
2. According to the passage, which of the following things is NOT necessary for a virtual office?
A. A manager.  
B. An office building.
C. A telephone.  
D. A central processing computer.
3. Which of the following is an advantage of a virtual office?
A. There aren't strict time limits.
B. Employees aren't overseen by the manager.
C. Employees needn't see each other every day.
D. Fewer employees are needed in every company.
4. From the passage we can learn that ________.
A. a computer is the only necessary thing in a virtual office.
B. in a virtual office, all information is open to workers.
C. managers can observe their employees in a virtual office.
D. the number of employees will be smaller in a virtual office.

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     Parents and kids today dress alike, listen to the same music, and are friends.Is this a good thing?
Sometimes, when Mr.Ballmer and his 16-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, listen to rock music together and talk about interests both enjoy, such as pop culture, he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager.
     "I would never have said to my mom, 'Hey, the new Weezer album is really great.How do you like
it?'"says Ballmer."There was just a complete gap in taste."
     Music was not the only gulf.From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier
generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits.
     Today, the generation gap has not disappeared, but it is getting narrow in many families.
Conversations on subjects such as sex and drugs would not have taken place a generation ago.Now they
are comfortable and common.And parentchild activities, from shopping to sports, involve a feeling of trust and friendship that can continue into adulthood.
     No wonder greeting cards today carry the message, "To my mother, my best friend."
     But family experts warn that the new equality can also result in less respect for parents.
     "There's still a lot of strictness and authority on the part of parents, but there is a change happening, "
says Kerrie, a psychology professor at Lebanon Valley College."In the middle of that change, there is a
lot of confusion among parents."
     Family researchers offer a variety of reasons for these evolving roles and attitudes.They see the 1960s
as a turning point.Great cultural changes led to more open communication and a more democratic process that encourages everyone to have a say.
     "My parents were on the 'before' side of that change, but today's parents, the 40yearolds, were on the 'after' side, "explains Mr.Ballmer."It's not something easily accomplished by parents these days, because
life is more difficult to understand or deal with, but sharing interests does make it more fun to be a parent
now."
1. The underlined word gulf in Para.3 most probably means ________.
A. interest  
B. distance  
C. difference  
D. separation
2. Which of the following shows that the generation gap is disappearing?
A. Parents help their children develop interests in more activities.
B. Parents put more trust in their children's abilities.
C. Parents and children talk more about sex and drugs.
D. Parents share more interests with their children
3. The change in today's parentchild relationship is ________.
A. more confusion among parents
B. new equality between parents and children
C. less respect for parents from children
D. more strictness and authority on the part of parents
4. By saying "today's parents, the 40yearolds, were on the 'after' side, "the author means that today's
parents ________.
A. follow the trend of the change
B. can set a limit to the change
C. fail to take the change seriously
D. have little difficulty adjusting to the change

阅读理解
     People from all over the world like to travel to the US.Millions of people visit it each year, and they
spend billions of dollars.Tourism is actually one of the leading industries.Many people like to visit famous
US cities, such as New York City, Washington D. C., Miami, Chicago, Dallas, New Orleans, Denver,
Los Angeles, or San Francisco.Each of those has many tourist attractions.For example, New York has
Broadway plays, and it also has some of the tallest buildings in the world, such as the Empire State Building and the   World Trade Center. The World Trade Center that was 411 metres high and had 110 storeys with a twin tower used to be an office building for 1,200 firms. But it was destroyed completely by the
planes of the terrorists on Sept.11,2001. Washington has government buildings as well as monuments and museums. Dallas has the site of President Kennedy's murder. New Orleans has jazz music and the cities
in California have many ethnic groups with lots of good food.Disneyland in California and Disney World in Florida are very popular attractions for tourists with children.The space centers in Florida and Texas are
popular sites for people at all ages to visit. Some tourists prefer to find sites with natural beauty in rural
settings. The mountains in the east and the west are very popular with campers, hikers, and climbers.Some come just to ski and stay in fancy ski resorts like Aspen or Vail. Other come just to golf at nice golf
resorts like Pinewest, which is now partly owned by the Japanese who love golf. Some come to watch
sports, but tickets can be expensive.It costs $100 just to get a back row seat to see a Chicago Bulls game.Two of the most popular places for tourists to visit are the Grand Canyon(大峡谷) and  Yellowstone
Park.At times Yellowstone is so crowded with tourists that it almost seems like a city.With the growing
popularity at country music, many people now visit Nashville where most of the recordings are made or
Branson where many stars have their own theatres.
1. Today a tourist visiting New York can't visit ________.
A. Broadway  
B. the Empire State Building
C. the World Trade Center  
D. New York Port
2. If you are interested in politics, the city that you are most likely to visit is ________.
A. Washington D. C.  
B. New York
C. New Orleans  
D. Chicago
3. The following places are some attractions that have something to do with music except ________.
A. Nashville  
B. Branson
C. New Orleans  
D. Dallas

阅读理解。

     A primary school teacher who left a class of 25 pupils in tears after she told them Santa Claus did
not exist has been fired. When excited youngsters became rowdy as they talked about Santa, the supply
teacher said out suddenly, "It's your parents who leave out presents on Christmas Day."
     The class of sevenyearolds at Blackshaw Lane Primary School, Royton,Greater Manchester burst
into tears and told their parents when they arrived home. Mothers and fathers then complained about the
incident and were sent a letter by the school saying the teacher, who only worked at the school for one
day last week, has been disciplined.
     The school has now said it will not hire her again.
     One father said, "My son came home and said that his teacher had told the class that Santa doesn't
exist and it's their mum and dad that put out presents for them. Obviously, they were all talking about
Christmas and being a bit rowdy. She just came straight out with it."
     "My son was in tears and so was everyone else in the class-especially as it was so close to
Christmas. I thought it was wrong. He was crazy about it. He's only seven years old and it's part of the
magic of  Christmas to him."
     "We told him that she did not believe in Father Christmas because of  her religion and he's fine now."
     "The father described the incident as 'shocking' and believed it was done with malicious
intent(恶意地). A lot of parents were angry and complained to the school.The teacher,who was
supplied by Rochdale and Oldham Supply Agency,is still listed and will work with other schools,"the
agency said.
     However,t he head teacher in Angela McCormick refused to comment on the incident.

1. Who felt the angriest about the incident?

A. The teacher who was fired.
B. The pupils who were in tears.
C. The parents whose children cried.
D. Santa Claus the teacher talked about.

2. The sevenyearold children cried because of ________.

A. their teacher's leaving      
B. the letters by the school
C. something about Santa Claus  
D. the presents left out by the parents

3. We can infer from the passage that ________.

A. the teacher was fired and couldn't continue her career in teaching
B. the parents complained about the discipline of the school
C. the little pupils felt disappointed after hearing the news told by the teacher
D. in reality,Santa Claus exists and gives out presents once a year.

4. What's the meaning of the underlined word"rowdy"?

A.Surprised.      
B.Noisy.
C.Discouraged.  
D.Annoyed.

阅读理解。
     Shoppers who carefully plan their visit to the grocery store can save money on their grocery bills.
__1__
     Shoppers should visit the grocery, store on a full stomach by scheduling their trip immediately
after a large meal.If that's not possible, they should find something healthy to eat while preparing a
grocery list.__2__
     Although having a list and sticking to it is the most important factor in saving money, shoppers must
prepare lists wisely in order to save.__3__ Many special buys are announced through the local
newspapers, so buying the"grocery issue"is worth the investment(投资).  However, it's important to
remember that many newer, more expensive products first offered through coupons may not produce
enough savings for shoppers to give up the product they usually buy.
     __4__ Once at the store, the shopper who wants to save money should follow a few more rules.The
shopper should not stay longer than necessary, because bills go up each minute the shopper is in the
store.So, setting a time limit and a cost limit can hold down the bill.__5__ If the grocery list is a short
one, some shoppers choose to use the small handheld basket instead of the roomy grocery cart.

A.  A carefully, planned list should include inseason produce and any items on sale or discounted
     through coupons(优惠券).  
B.  Of course, the shopper should stick strictly to the shopping list and resist the temptation to buy
     additional items.
C.  People who are full are less tired and more likely to buy what they want.
D.  Now that the shopper has completed the grocery list, it's time to leave for the store.
E.  You shouid keep your shopping list carefully in case you can exchange it for coupons.
F.  Most shoppers are less persuaded to buy extra goods when they are not hungry.
G.  Shopping when not hungry, sticking to a grocery list, and following a few simple rules will cut down
     the grocery bill.