Communication Principles How you see yourself can make a great difference in how you communicate. ——青夏教育精英家教网—

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科目： 来源：同步题 题型：阅读理解

                                                            Communication Principles
    How you see yourself can make a great difference in how you communicate. " Every individual exists in
a continually changing world of experience of which he( or she) is the center". Many communication
scholars and social scientists believe that people are products of how others treat them and of the messages others send them. But every day we experience the centrality of ourselves in communication. A student, for
instance, may describe a
conflict with a teacher as unfair treatment: "I know my teacher doesn't like the fact that I don't agree with
his opinions , and that is why he gave me such a poor grade in that class. " The teacher might say the
opposite. Each person may believe that he is correct and that the other person's view is wrong.
     The concept of self originates in communication. Through verbal and nonverbal symbols,a child leams
to accept roles in response to the expectations of others. You establish self-image, the sort of person you
believe you are, by how others think of you. Positive, negative,and neutral messages that you receive from
others all play a role in determining who you are. Communication itself is probably best understood as a
dialogue process. Our understanding of communication comes from our interactions with other people. In
a more obvious way,communication involves others in the sense that a competent communicator considers what the other person needs and expects when selecting messages to share. So, the communication begins with the self, as defined largely by others, and involves others , as defined largely by the self.
    Communication occurs almost every minute of your life. If you are not communicating with  yourself
( thinking, planning, reacting to the world around you), you are observing others and drawing inferences
from their behavior. Even if the other person did not intend a message for you, you gather observations
and draw specific conclusions. A person yawns and you believe that person is bored with your message.
A second person looks away from you and you conclude that person is not listening to you. A third person
smile ( perhaps because of a memory of a joke he heard recently) and you lieve that he is attracted to you. We are continually picking up meanings from others' behaviors and we are constantly providing behaviors
that have communicative value for them.
     More often than not, you may have hurt someone accidentally and you may have tried to explain that
you did not mean that. You may have told the other person that you were sorry for your statement. You
may have made a joke out of your rude statement. Nonetheless, your comment remains both in the mind
of the other person and in your own mind. You cannot go back in time and erase your messages to others. Communication cannot be reversed(倒退) ,nor can it be repeated. When you tried to re-create the
atmosphere , the conversation , and the  setting, nothing seemed  right. Your second experience with a
similar setting and person made far different
results.

Paragraph Outline	Supporting Details
Communication begins with the self	●People are somewhat products of others' treatment and messages. ●We are always 1 in communication with others.
Communication 2 others	●Experiences of others help children learn to accept roles. ●Messages from others help you 3 who you are. ●Needs and 4 of others should be considered,
Communication 5 everywhere	●We are communicating with ourselves by thinking,planning and reacting to the outside world. ●We are always 6 other people by observing even if they do not intend any message for you. ●We are constantly collecting meanings from others' 7 . ●We are constantly 8 meanings by what we do.
Communication cannot	●You may explain what you have done,but you cannot 9 what remains in the other person's mind. ●You may redo the conversation,but you 10 achieve the same result.

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科目： 来源：同步题 题型：阅读理解

阅读理解

     Fear and its companion pain are two of the most useful things that men and animals possess,if they
are properly used. If fire did not hurt when it burnt, children would play it until their hands were bumt
away. Similarly , if pain existed but fear did not,a child would bum itself again and again , because fear
would not warn the child to keep away from the fire that had burnt him or her before. A really fearless
soldier-and some do exist-is not a good soldier because he is soon killed;and a dead soldier is of no use
to his army. Fear and pain are therefore two guards without which men and animals might soon die out.
     In our first sentence we suggested that fear ought to be properly used. If, for example ,you  never go
out of your house  because  of the danger of being knocked down and killed in the street by a car, you
are letting fear rule you too much. Even in your house you are not absolutely safe:a plane may crash on
your house, or ants may eat away some of the wood in your roof , and they later may fall on you , or
you may get cancer!
     The important thing is not to let fear rule you , but instead to use fear as your servant and guide. Fear
will warn you of dangers; then you have to decide what action to take.
     In many cases, you can take quick and successful action to avoid the danger. For example , you see
a car coming straight towards you ; fear warns  you , you jump  out of  the  way , and  all  is  OK.
     In some cases, however, you decide that there is nothing that you can do to avoid the danger. For
example, you cannot prevent a plane from crashing into your house , and you may not want to go and
live in a desert where there are no plants. In this case , fear has given you its waming;you have examined
it and decided on your course of action,so fear of this particular danger is no longer of any use to you ,
and you have to try to overcome it.

1. Children would play with fire until their hands were burnt away if_______.

A. they were given no warning beforehand
B. they didn't have any sense ofpain at all
C. they had never burnt themselves
D. they felt afraid of the fire

2. A really fearless soldier_________.

A. is of a little use to his army
B. is not afraid of battles at all
C. is nothing but a dead soldier
D. is easy to get killed in a battle

3. People sometimes succeed in timely avoiding dangers because________.

A. they are warned of the danger and take quick action
B. they are quick both in mind and in action
C. they are calm in face of danger
D. they have gained much experience

4. It is implied but not stated that________.

A. fear is always something helpful
B. too much fear is harmful
C. fear should be used as a servant and guide
D. fear is something strange and particular

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科目： 来源：同步题 题型：阅读理解

阅读下面短文并回答问题(请注意问题后的词数要求).
     [1] Do you spend over an hour each day texting messages to your friends? Do you frequently ignore
work, study, and other activities to check your phone for messages? Are you anxious and restless if you
are separated from your mobile phone? Do you hardly ever use your phone to talk any more , and do
your thumbs hurt from texting too much?
    [2] lf_________ , then it is very possible that you are a textaholic. A textaholic can be defined as
someone who is addicted to sending and receiving messages. The main symptoms are a strong
desire to text messages, which takes precedence  (优先)  over everything else. And bad moods, low
spirits and a lack of self-confidence if messages fail to come in. The root of the problem, as
with many addictions, is the desire to escape from emotional difficulties such as stress , anxiety and
relationship problems. Expercs warn that text addiction is likely to become the most common form of
addiction in the future , especially among the young.
    [3] So what can you do if you think you may be a textaholic? The key is to get your life back in
balance. Make sure your resist the urge to answer every message you receive, and consider leaving your
mobile phone behind occasionally when you go out. Most importantly,make a point of spending quality
time with friends and family , and make time to re-learn the art of face-to-face conversation instead of
conducting your relationships by means of text messages. Not only will you save time add money, but
you may also rediscover the pleasure of true communication.
1. How does the author introduce the topic of the text?
  ( no more than 5 words)
__________________________________________________________
2. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words.
  ( no more than 8 words)
___________________________________________________________
3. What emotional difficulties may be the causes of text addiction?
  ( no more than 5 words)
①_____________②______________③____________
4. What do experts say about text addiction?
  ( no more than 14 words)
___________________________________________________________
5. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?
  ( no more than 8 words)
____________________________________________________________

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科目： 来源：同步题 题型：阅读理解

阅读理解

     I love charity(慈善)  shops and so do lots of other people in Britain because you find quite a few of
them on every high street.The charity shop is a British institution, selling everything from
clothes to electric goods , all  at very good  prices. You  can  get things you won't find in the shops any
more. The thing I like best about them is that your money is going to a good cause and not into the
pockets of profit-driven companies, and you are not damaging the planet , but finding a new home for
unwanted goods.
     The first charity shop was opened in 1947 by Oxfam. The famous charity's appeal to aid postwar
Greece had been so successful it had been flooded with donations (捐赠物). They decided to set up
a shop to sell some of these donations to raise money for that appeal. Now there are over 7, 000 charity
shops in the UK. My favourite charity shop in my hometown is the Red Cross shop, where I always find
children's books, all 10 or 20 pence each.
      Most of the people working in the charity shops are volunteers , although there is often a manager
who gets paid. Over 90% of the goods in the charity shops are donated by the public. Every moming you
see bags of unwanted items outside the front of shops, although they don't encourage this, rather ask
people to bring things in when the shop is open.
      The shops have very low running costs :  all profits go to charity work .  Charity  shops  raise  more
than ￡110  million  a year ,funding (资助) medical research, overseas aid, supporting sick and poor
children , homeless and disabled people , and much more. What better
place to spend your money? You get something special for a very good price and a good moral sense.
You provide funds to a good cause and tread lightly on the environment.

1. The author loves the charity shop mainly because of__________ .

A. its convenient location
B. its great variety of goods
C. its spirit of good will
D. its nice shopping environment

2. The first charity shop in the UK was set up to_________.

A. sell cheap products
B. deal with unwanted things
C. raise money for patients
D. help a foreign country

3. Which of the following is TRUE about charity shops? _________

A. The operating costs are very low.
B. The staff are usually well paid.
C. 90% of the donations are second-hand.
D. They are open twenty-four hours a day.

4. Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?

A. What to Buy a Charity Shops
B. Charity Shop : Its Origin & Development
C. Charity Shop : Where You Buy to Donate
D. The Public's Concern about Charity Shops

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科目： 来源：同步题 题型：阅读理解

阅读理解

     Celebrity (名人)  has  become  one  of the  most  important representatives of popular culture. Fans
used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public tends to base its consumption (消费) on the
interest of celebrity attached to any given product.Besides, fashion magazines have almost abandoned
the practice of putting models on the cover because they don't sell nearly as well as famous faces. As a
result , celebrities have realized their unbelievably
powerful market potential, moving from advertising for others' products to developing their own.
     Celebrity clothing lines aren't a completely new phenomenon,but in the past they were typically aimed
at the ordinary consumers ,and limited to a few TV actresses. Today they're started by first-class stars
whose products enjoy equal fame with some world top brands.The most successful start-ups have been
those by celebrities with specific personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they expand their production scale rapidly,covering almost all the products of daily life.
     However,for every success story , there's a related warning tale of a celebrity who overvalued his
consumer appeal. No matter how famous the product's origin is ,if it fails to impress consumers with its
own qualities it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing. And once the initial (最初的 ) attention dies down, consumer interest might fade , loyalty (忠诚)  returning to tried-and-true labels.
     Today, celebrities face ever more severe embarrassment. The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than
ever, but its rate of turnover has speeded up as well. Each misstep threatens to reduce a celebrity's shelf
life, and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him fame has no problem picking him to
pieces when the opportunity  appears. Still, the ego's  (自我的 ) potential for expansion is limitless.
Having already achieved great wealth and public recognition,many celebrities see fashion as the next
frontier to be conquered. As the saying goes ; success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success
as designers might last only a short time, but fashion-like celebrity-has always been temporary.

1. Fashion magazines today_________.

A. seldom put models on the cover
B. no longer put models on the cover
C. need not worry about celebrities' market potential
D. judge the market potential of every celebrity correctly

2. A change in the consumer market can be found today that________.

A. price rather than brand name is more concerned
B. producers prefer models to celebrities for advertisements
C. producers prefer TV actresses to film stars for advertisements
D. quality rather than the outside of products is more concerned

3. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 indicates that any wrong step will possibly________ .

A. decrease the popularity of a celebrity and the sales of his products
B. damage the image of a celebrity in the eyes of the general public
C. cut short the artistic career of a celebrity in show business
D. influence the price of a celebrity's products

4. The passage is mainly about___________.

A. celebrity and personal style
B. celebrity and market potential
C. celebrity and fashion design
D. celebrity and clothing industry

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科目： 来源：安徽省模拟题 题型：阅读理解

阅读理解.

     In the US and Britain, the slogan around colleges was "Save water. Shower with a
friend." Now, Wuhan University has come up with another system for the campus
bathhouse. It charges students for the amount of time in a shower. Before entering
the bathhouse, students pay for the amount of time they want in the shower with
cash or their student ID card. The clock starts ticking the minute the tape is turned
on. It pauses when a button is pressed for soap. An integrated circuit (IC) card
reader at each tap shows the time. No money, no water. The benefits of the new
system can be seen with the old system, which charged 1 Yuan for each person
regardless of time in the shower. The university used about 320 tones of water daily
under the old system, but only 160 tons now.
     Many students use the new system but opinions on it are divided. Some students
say it is bad because bathing had become a sort of race. Many people using it for
the first time are not sure how long they need to shower. Some might be embarrassed
if their time is up and they' re still covered in soap. They have to ask the bathhouse
worker to help them buy extra time.
     "It's a flaw in the system that you can not buy extra time on the ID card," said Ren,
a freshman in Wuhan University. The university is also considering some students'
suggestions that they be allowed to pay after they've finished the shower. Not
surprisingly, some are complaining about losing the hour shower. But many students
say the move helps them develop a water- saving sense.
     Without the time limits, most students tended to shower for 30 to an hour in the
bathhouse.
     Some even used the hot water to wash their clothes. "In my experience, l0 -20
minutes is enough," said Dai Zhihua, a third -year student who usually takes 8 minutes.
     A similar system has been installed in other universities. Shanghai Normal University
introduced it at its Fengxiang Campus in September. The bathing fee there is 0.2 Yuan
per minute. One male student responded by setting a record with a two -minute shower.

1. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

A. Students pay for the amount of time they want in the shower.
B. The clock times all through while the student is bathing except when the bather paused for soap.
C If money runs out, there will be no water.
D. Having finished bathing, the student has to pay for it.

2. The underline word "flaw" (Paragraph 3) most probably means _____.

A. perfection
B. advantage
C. pity
D. fault

3. Since the new system has performed, _____ of water can be saved.

A. a quarter
B. one third
C. one half
D. two thirds

4. It can be inferred from the passage that _____.

A. the new operation can solve the water crisis.
B. The new operation can raise students' environmental awareness.
C. a similar operation has been set in other universities.
D. The university has saved a lot of water by using the new system.

5. In which column can you find this passage?______

A. People.
B. Society
C. Campus Life.
D. Lifestyle

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科目： 来源：同步题 题型：完形填空

完形填空

     It  was  her  giggling that  drew  my  attention. Note taking really wasn't all that funny.
     Walking over to the offender , I asked for the__1__. Frozen , she refused to give it to me. I waited, all
attention in the classroom on the quiet   2    between teacher and student. When she finally   3   it over she
whispered , " Okay , but I didn't draw it. "
      It was a hand-drawn    4    0f me, teeth blackened and the words "I' m stupid" coming out of my mouth.
      I managed to fold it up calmly. My mind,    5    , was working angrily as I struggled not to    6   . I figured I knew the two most likely candidates for drawing the picture. It would do them some   7   to teach them
a lesson,and maybe it was high time that I did it !
     Thankfully, Iwas able to keep myself   8  .
     When there were about six minutes remaining, I showed the class the picture. They were all silent as I
told them how    9   this was for me. I told them there must be a reason 10  and now was their chance to
write down anything they needed to tell me. Then I let them write silently while I sniffed in the back of the
classroom.
      As I 11 the notes later,many of them said something like, "I' ve got nothing 12 you. "or" I'm sorry you
were hurt. " Some kids said , " We' re afraid of you. " But two notes , from the girls who I   13    were
behind the picture, had a list of issues. I was too  14  ,too strict…

(     )1. A. note
(     )2. A. battle
(     )3. A. took
(     )4. A. statue
(     )5. A. otherwise
(     )6. A. leave
(     )7. A. good
(     )8. A. amused
(     )9. A. meaningful
(     )10. A. aside
(     )11. A. wrote
(     )12. A. beyond
(     )13. A. figured
(     )14. A. talkative
(     )15. A.forcing
(     )16. A. appreciate
(     )17. A. actually
(     )18. A. decorated
(     )19 . A. thankfulness
(     )20. A. friendship

B. advice
B. competition
B. thought
B. graph
B. however
B. cry
B. harm
B. controlled
B. forgetful
B. above
B. finished
B. from
B. promised
B. mean
B. encouraging
B. apologize
B. normally
B. offered
B. forgiveness
B. education

C. reason
C. argument
C. turned
C. picture
C. therefore
C. explain
C. favor
C. uninterested
C. regretful
C. beneath
C. read
C. against
C.  concluded
C. clumsy
C. comforting
C. compromise
C. immediately
C. signed
C. compensation
C. knowledge

D. help
D. conversation
D. handed
D. poster
D.  besides
D. argue
D. punishment
D. relaxed
D. hurtful
D. behind
D. collected
D. for
D.  confirmed
D. considerate
D. teaching
D. achieve
D. generally
D. bought
D. communication
D. future

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科目： 来源：同步题 题型：阅读理解

阅读理解

     If your boss asks you to work in Moscow this year, he'd better offer you more money to do so-or
even double that depending on where you live now. That's because Moscow has just been found to be
the world's most expensive city for the second year in a row by Mercer Human Resources Consulting.
     Using the cost of living in New York as a base, Mercer determined Moscow is 34. 4 percent more
expensive including the cost of housing, transportation , food , clothing, household  goods  and
entertainment (娱乐) .
     A two-bedroom flat in Moscow now costs $4,000 a month;a CD  $24. 83, and an international
newspaper  $6. 30, according to Mercer. By comparison,a fast food meal with a hamburger(汉堡包)is
a stea at $ 4. 80.
     London takes the No. 2 place , up from No. 5  a year ago, thanks to higher cost of housing and a
stronger British pound relative to the dollar. Mercer estimates (估算)  London is 26 percent more
expensive than New York these days. Following London closely are Seoul and Tokyo , both of which
are 22  percent more  expensive  than New York ,while No. 5  Hong Kong is 19 percent more costly.
     Among North American cities, New York and Los Angeles are the most expensive and are the only
two listed in the top 50 0f the world's most expensive cities. But both have fallen since last year's
study-New York came in 15th, down from lOth place, while Los Angeles fell t0 42nd from 29th place
a year ago. San Francisco came in a distant third at No. 54, down 20 places from a year earlier.
     Toronto , meanwhile ,is Canada's most expensive city but fell 35 places to take 82nd place worldwide. In Australia, Sydney is the priciest place to live in and No. 21 worldwide.

1. What do the underlined words "a steal" in Paragraph 3 mean?_________

A. An act of stealing.
B. Something delicious.
C. Something very cheap.
D. An act of buying.

2. London has become the second most expensive city because of_________.

A. the high cost of clothing
B. the stronger pound against the dollar
C. its expensive transportation
D. the high prices of fast food meals

3. Which city is the third most expensive on the list?_________

A. Tokyo.
B. Hong Kong.
C. Moscow.
D. Sydney.

4. Which city has dropped most on the list in North America?_________

A. New York.
B. Los Angeles.
C. San Francisco.
D. Toronto.

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科目： 来源：同步题 题型：阅读理解

阅读理解。

   Napoleon, as a character in Tolstoy's War and Peace, is more than once described as having"fat
little hands".  Nor does he"sit well or firmly on the horse".  He is said to be"undersized",with"short
legs"and a"round stomach". The issue here is not the accuracy of Tolstoy's  description-it seems not
  that far off from historical accounts-but his choice of facts:other things that could be said of the man
are not said. We are meant to understand the difference of a warring commander in the body of a fat
littleFrenchman. Tolstoy's Napoleon could be any man wandering in the streets and putting a little of
powdered tobacco up his nose-and that is the point.
    It is a way the novelist uses to show the moral nature of acharacter.And it turns out that,as Tolstoy
has it,Napoleon is acrazy man. In a scene in Book Three of War and Peace, the war shaving reached
the critical year of 1812, Napoleon receives arepresentative from the Tsar(沙皇),who bas come with
peaceterms. Napoleon is very angry:doesn't he have more army?He,notthe Tsar,is the one to make
the terms. He will destroy all of Europeif his army is stopped. "Thhat is what you will have gained by
engaging me in the war!" he shouts. And then, Tolstoy writes,Napoleon"walked silently several times
up and down the room,hisfat shoulders moving quickly".
    Still later, after reviewing his army amid cheering crowds, Napoleon invites the shaken Russian to
dinner."He raised his handto the Russian's face,"Tolstoy writes,and"taking him by the earpulled it
gently…"To have one's ear pulled by the Emperor wasconsidered the greatest honor and mark of
favor at the French court."Well,well,why don't you say anything?"said he,as if it wasridiculous in his
presence to respect any one but himself, Napoleon.
     Tolstoy did his research, but the composition is his own.

1. Tolstoy's description of Napoleon in War and Peace is .

A. far from the historical facts
B. based on the Russian history
C. based on his selection of facts
D. not related to historical details

2. What did Napoleon expect the Russian representative to do?

A. To walk out of the room in anrger.
B. To show agreementt with him.
C. To say something about the Tsar.
D. To express his admiration.

3. Tolstoy intended to present Napoleon as a man who is

A. ill-mannered in dealing with foreign guests
B. fond of showing off his iron will
C. determined in destroying all of Europe
D. crazy for power and respect

4. What does the last sentence of the passage imply?

A. A writer doesn't have to be faithful to his findings.
B. A writer may write about a hero in his own way.
C. A writer may not be responsible for what he writes.
D. A writer has hardly any freedom to show his feelings.

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科目： 来源：同步题 题型：完形填空

完形填空.
Last weekend, my kids along with few other kids from the neighborhood volunteered to help me wash my car. My l0-year-old daughter came up with the idea of ___l___other people's cars as well. It was pretty _2 _ outside and I had no plans to __3__being in the bright sun.She __4_ _wantedtogivelemonade (柠檬汽水 ) to passers-by for free. I had seen little kids__5__and sell fresh lemonade for a small cost but not free. Although I felt __6__,I decided to help her. __7__she asked me, "What if we__8__this a smile car wash?"I couldn't hold back my tears and__9__her and the other kids to go inside the house and come up with__10__ideas. While I kept myself busy in drying the car,the gang walked up to me with a(n)__11__with beautiful images of smiles. They had " Free Car Wash" written on it and the__12__of their exercise was "smile" . It was pretty neat to see a team of kids ranging 5-11 years with the __13__to do something for others. All that seemed__14__and came right from their heart. Nothing seemed to__15__to them : their playtime,the heat outside-they just wanted to__16__others and do something nice in the community! I helped them make some fresh lemonade and brought out some additional__17__to help clean cars. Passersby were__18__and one even shouted back to them saying " God Bless You, my kids..."One of them even tried giving them a$5 , which they refused. A pretty heartwarming__19__! I feel blessed by being__20__by such wonderful and loving souls.
( )1.A. drying ( )2.A. quiet ( )3. A. suggest ( )4. A. further ( )5. A. choose ( )6. A. worried ( )7. A. Finally ( )8. A. show ( )9. A. challenged ( )10. A. creative ( )11. A. board ( )12. A. purpose ( )13. A. need ( )14. A. important ( )15. A. matter ( )16. A. relax ( )17. A. friends ( )18. A. interested ( )19. A. scene ( )20. A. supported	B.repairing B. hot B. avoid B. therefore B. enjoy B. popular B. Simply B. leave B. expected B. ready B. picture B. trouble B. duty B. disappointing B. object B. try B. rags B. amazed B. gift B. understood	C. washing C. different C. continue C. already C. buy C. confused C. Then C. make C. invited C. changed C. idea C. secret C. imagination C. hopeful C. belong C. help C. children C. bored C. story C. refused	D.decorating D. dirty D. practise D. hardly D. serve D. difficult D. Luckily D. order D. encouraged D. familiar D. car D. theme D. skill D. natural D. refer D. smile D. fruit D. frightened D. explanation D. surrounded

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