The knowledge society will be a highly competitive one, for organizations and individuals alike.
      Information technology, although only one of many new features of the next society, is already
having one hugely important effect: it is allowing knowledge to spread near-instantly , and making
it accessible to everyone. Given the ease and speed at which information travels, every institution
in the knowledge society-not only businesses, but also schools, universities, hospitals and increasingly
government agencies too-has to be globally competitive, even though most organizations will continue
to be local in their activities and in their markets. This is because the Internet will keep customers
everywhere informed on what is available anywhere in the world, and at what price.
      This new knowledge economy will rely heavily on knowledge workers. At present, this term is
widely used to describe people with considerable theoretical knowledge and learning :doctors,
lawyers, teachers, accountants chemical engineers. But the most striking growth will be in “knowledge
technologists”: computer technicians, software designers, analysts in clinical labs, manufacturing
technologists, paralegals. These people are as much manual（体力劳动)workers and they are
knowledge workers; in fact, they usually spend far more time working with their hands than with
their brains, but their manual work is based on a substantial amount of theoretical knowledge which
can be acquired only through formal education ,not through an apprenticeship（学徒期). They
are not, as a rule, much better paid than traditional skilled workers, but they see themselves as
"professionals”, just as unskilled manual workers in manufacturing were the dominant social and
political force in the 21th century, knowledge technologists are likely to become the dominant
social-and perhaps also political-force over the next decades.

1. The chief reason for keen （激烈的）competition in the knowledge society is that _________.

A. organizations and individuals are easily influenced by information
B. customers keep track of new products worldwide
C. anyone can have access to knowledge anytime and anywhere
D. local organizations such as universities and hospitals will be globalized.

2. The quick spread of knowledge in the next society___________.

A. is based on information technology
B. results from a highly competitive society
C. is likely to increase information flow
D. will become the biggest problem to tackle

3. “Knowledge workers” mentioned in the essay most probably refer to ________.

A. those with primary and secondary education
B. those who work with hands rather than brains
C. those who have acquired theoretical knowledge through apprenticeship
D. those who have received higher education and got theoretical knowledge

4. All of the following are characteristic of “knowledge technologist” except that ________.

A. they spend more time on manual work than on mental work
B. they are equipped with a large amount of theoretical knowledge
C. they see themselves professionals rather than traditional skilled workers.
D. They acquire skills through traditional apprenticeship

5. The underlined word “dominant” in this passage probably means________.

A. most influential    
B. most interesting  
C. most diligent  
D. quite available

     There are all sorts of good sensible reasons to avoid getting angry . Not only does it make us feel
bad , it also makes us do stupid things without noticing the risks and it can be self-destructive ( 毁坏
性的) . 1 But like all emotions ,anger has its purposes, which can be used for good effects .
Anger is a motivating force .
      In fact anger itself is a kind of positive energy and a powerful motivating force.    2  .When we see
something as beneficial , we want it more when we are angry . So, when used right, constructive anger
can make us feel strong and powerful and help push us on to get what we want.
     3  
     It may sound like a strange thing to say , but angry people have something in common with happy
people. That's because both tend to expect favorable results. By comparison those experiencing more
fear are more pessimistic (悲观的) about the future and expect further terrors.
     Anger can benefit relationships.
     Society tells us anger is dangerous and we should hide it .The problem is that when we hide our
anger, our partner doesn't know he's done something wrong. And so he keeps doing it   4   The
expression of anger, if reasonable and aimed at finding a solution, can actually benefit and strengthen
relationships.
     Anger provides self-understanding. 
     Anger can also provide understanding into ourselves, if we allow it. Getting angry leads to a positive
outcome. Anger help discover our own faults. If we can notice when we get angry and why, then we
can learn what to do to improve our lives    5    
A. Anger reduces violence.
B. Anger can encourage self-change.
C. Angry people are more optimistic.
D. And that doesn't do our relationship any good.
E. That's because it's a very strong social signal that a situation needs to be solved.
F. Most of us treat our anger as though it's unreasonable, unshowable and unmentionable.
G. Anger can turn us on and thus push on towards our goals in the face of problems and barriers.

     Many of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in history books are great
conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward
are often never mentioned at all.
     We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the
length of the year; but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of
them, so much so that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure
of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries
are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as
conquerors.
     It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight; so do savages;
hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage(野人) is good,
but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them
how to do it most efficiently-this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done-is not being
civilized. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized people ought to be able
to find some way of setting their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater
number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed most has won. And not only
has it won, but because it has won, it had been in the right. For that is what going to war means; it
means saying that might(权利) is right.

1.The author thinks that the conquerors and generals and soldiers ________.

A. only appear glorious in history books
B. are greater than any other people
C. are not as great as described in history books
D. do not really help civilization forward

2. As it is indicated in the passage, the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier is put
    on the highest pillars in the great cities of the world mainly because ________.

A. people respect them very much
B. they fought bravely to protect their cities
C. people think they fought too brutally(野蛮地)
D. they conquered many cities and countries

3.What is the writer's attitude towards the countries that ruled over a large number of other countries ?

A. Positive.    
B. Critical.          
C. Ironic.          
D. Respectful.

4.The author says that civilized people________.

A. should not have any quarrels to settle
B. should not fight when there are no quarrels to settle
C. should settle their quarrels without fighting
D. should settle their quarrels by killing the other side

     If you are a human, you can't help but experience the time when everything seems to be going wrong
and you feel as if your life is completely out of control. It is during the low time that words of
encouragement from family, friends, coworkers or even strangers can boost your spirits.  It is also during
the low time that destructive words can be devastating (毁灭性的) and make you sink deeper and deeper into depression.
     For example, consider this story about a group of frogs who were traveling through the woods when
two of them fell into a deep pit (深坑). All of the other frogs gathered around the pit. When they saw how deep the pit was, they told the two unfortunate frogs they would never get out.
     The two frogs ignored the comments and tried to jump out of the pit. The other frogs kept telling them
to stop. Finally, one of the two frogs took notice of what the other frogs were saying and simply gave up. He died. The other frog continued to jump as hard as he could. Once again the crowd of frogs shouted at him to stop the pain. The more they shouted, the harder he jumped and finally he made it.
     When he got out, the other frogs asked him why he continued to jump when they were all shouting at
him to tell him to give up. The frog explained to them that he was a little bit deaf. He thought they were
encouraging him the whole time.
     Every time you have a chance to say either something positive or negative to another human being, do
choose the chance to say something positive! Don't let those opportunities get away from you. Your words have a large amount of power. Use them wisely. You really never know just how much they can mean to
someone else.

1. Why did the frog that succeeded in jumping to safety neglect the other frogs' comments?

A. Because he would like to jump out of the pit.
B. Because he could hardly hear what the other frogs said.
C. Because he didn't want to give up his hope.
D. Because he had a positive attitude toward life

2. We can infer from the frog succeeding finally that ________.

A. encouragement is not important in our lives
B. persistence is bound to victory
C. miracles sometimes happen by accident
D. success must belong to us if we keep on working

3. What can we infer from the first paragraph?

A. There is no way to go when we go wrong.
B. Life depends on encouragement.
C. Destructive words will lead to death.
D. Words are playing an important role around us.

4. The writer mainly wants to tell us ________ in the last paragraph.

A. the power of words          
B. positive words
C. negative words              
D. the opportunities to say something.

5. Which of the following statements is WRONG according to this passage?

A. The frog that made it finally thought his friends were encouraging him.
B. The frog that died finally ignored the comments and tried to jump out of the pit at first.
C. The two unfortunate frogs would never get out because they are both deaf.
D. The author advised us to choose the chance to say something positive

     Many people think of guys as being carefree when it comes to their appearance. But in fact,  a lot
of guys spend plenty of time in front of the mirror. They care just as much as girls do about their body
image.
     Body image is a person's opinions and feelings about his or her own body and physical appearance.  
   1   You appreciate your body for its capabilities and accept its imperfections.
       2   Here are some ideas.
     Recognize your strengths.  Different body types are good for different things. What does your body
do well? Maybe your speed, strength, or coordination makes you better than others at a certain sport.
That may be basketball, table tennis, mountain biking, dancing, or even running.  Or perhaps you have
nonsports skills, like drawing, painting, singing, playing a musical instrument, writing, or acting.    3  
      Exercise regularly. Exercise can help you look well and feel good about yourself. Good physiques
(体形) don't just happen.  __4 _ A healthy habit can be as simple as exercising 20 minutes to 1 hour
three days a week. Working out can also lift your spirits.
      Respect your body! Practicing good habits-regular showering; taking care of your teeth, hair, and
skin; wearing clean clothes, and so on-can help you build a positive body image.
     __5 _ Your body is just one part of who you are. Your talent for comedy  a quick wit (智慧), and
all the other things make you unique. So try not to let small imperfections take over.
A. Use this as an opportunity to discover what you're good at.
B. Be yourself.
C. Having a positive body image means feeling satisfied with the way you look.
D. Just explore talents that you feel good about.
E. They take hard work, regular workouts, and a healthy diet.
F. The good news is that selfimage and body image can be  changed.
G. So, what can you do to develop a positive body image?

     It is quite reasonable to blame traffic jams,the cost of gas and the great speed of modern life,
but manners on the road are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men would
become fierce tigers behind the wheel. It is all right to have a tiger in a cage,but to have one in the
driver's seat is another matter.
     Road politeness is not only good manners,but good sense. It takes the most cool－headed
drivers great patience to give up the desire to beat back when forced to face rude driving. On the
other hand,a little politeness goes a long way towards reducing the possibility of quarrelling and
fighting. A friendly nod or a wave of thanks in answer to an act of politeness helps to create an
atmosphere of good will and becomes so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such behaviors
of politeness are by no means enough. Many drivers nowadays don't even seem able to recognize
politeness when they see it.
     However,misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who
waves a child crossing the street at a wrong place into the path of oncoming cars that may not be
able to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and
whenever they want to.
     An experienced driver,whose manners are faultless,told me it would help if drivers learnt to
correctly join in traffic stream without causing total blockages that give rise to unpleasant feelings.
Unfortunately,modern drivers can't even learn to drive,let alone master the road man ship. ears
ago,experts warned us that the fast increase of the car ownership would demand more give-and-take
from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.

1. The passage mainly talks about________.

A. traffic jams
B. road politeness
C. good manners  
D. modern drivers

2. Troubles on the road are often caused by________.

A. the behavior of the drivers
B. traffic jams
C. great speed  
D. terrible road conditions

3. According to the writer,a good driver should________.

A.be able to recognize politeness when he sees it
B. beat back when forced to face rude driving
C. encourage old ladies to cross the roads whenever they want to
D. join in traffic stream quickly however other people feel

4. The following statements are right EXCEPT that________.

A. some modern drivers are not good at driving
B. road politeness is good sense as well as good manners
C. a friendly driver should nod or wave thanks in answer to an act of politeness
D.it is also right to have a tiger in the driver's seat

5. It is not always right for drivers to________.

A. master road man ship
B. recognize politeness when they see it
C. give a friendly nod in answer to an act of politeness
D. encourage old ladies to cross the road whenever and wherever they want

     I believe that my country, Poland, is a perfect example for a place where food is particularly important.
When we were little children, we began to understand how much a loaf of bread meant to our parents-to
some it might sound silly but for me the custom of kissing bread before you started cutting it was simply
amazing. It's not so common nowadays to treat food that way, since you hardly ever bake your own bread.
Besides, everyone would call you crazy if you tried to kiss every bread roll before you ate them! But though
we no longer make our food from scratch (起点), some customs have been kept--that's why I feel so sorry
every time I have to throw any food away-even though I no longer live with my parents and nobody would
blame me for this anymore!
     Many people of our nation are still working as farmers, eating what they grow and harvest and therefore
enjoying everything more. It's widely known that you value more anything that needs your effort in the first
place. In most homes in Poland, especially those of farmers, the whole family would try and have their meals
together--extremely difficult now, but so rewarding (值得)! You can share other members' troubles and
successes, give your children some attention, or just sit down for a moment instead of rushing through life
aimlessly. Furthermore, your body, and stomach in particular will be very grateful (感激) for such a time!
     In Poland, a wedding, Christmas or even a birthday is celebrated with a great meal. Women in the house
get together and cook, sometimes for a few days before the event, and the extremely good or unusual food
will be remembered and widely talked about.
     You cannot over-value the importance of food in the country. What@^@^@s more, almost everyone in Poland
will be as interested in the topic as I am.

1. When the writer was a child, he / she ______.

A. found people were crazy about bread
B. learned people hardly baked their own bread
C. thought that cutting bread was amazing
D. began to realize the importance of food

2. The writer feels very sorry when he/she has to throw away any food because ______. 

A. he/she makes food from scratch
B. his/her parents would blame him/her
C. some customs still have effect on him/her
D. many people are still working hard as farmers

3. From the text, we can learn that, in Poland, ______. 

A. most meals can be interesting topics for a long time
B. family members can know more about each other by having meals together
C. it's common for women to get together to cook for a few days
D. the whole family often have meals together nowadays

     The population of the United States is growing older and will continue to do so. According to a report,
39 million Americans will be 65 or older by the year 2010, 51 million by 2020,and 65 million by 2030.
      The "graying" of the United States is mainly due to the fact that people in the U.S. are living longer. As
a matter of fact, the number of U.S citizens 85 years old and older is growing six times as fast as the rest
of the population. It is also largely due to the old- growing of the "baby boomers", the generation born after
World War Ⅱ. In 1957,over 4.3 million babies were born. More than 75 million Americans were born between
1946 and 1964,the largest generation in U.S. history. In less than twenty years, millions of them will become
elderly people.
      The "graying" of the U. S. will greatly affect the nation's family and workforce. One likely development
will be a gradual change in the family unit; it will move away from the nuclear family and towards a
multigenerational family. The other likely development will be a change in the proportion (比例) of the nation's
workforce. In 1989 there were 3.5 workers for every person 65 or older; by the year 2030, there will only be
2 workers for every person 65 and older.

                                     Title:    1   . U.S.