The richest country
     To reach the world's richest country, you needn't set out for the Middle East, but for the South Pacific, to a
tiny dot just south of the equator, called Nauru. Only 8.2 square miles in size, the whole of this country can be
seen from the air as the plane comes into land. The blue South Pacific reaches for thousands of miles in all
directions, the nearest piece of land being Ocean Island 200 miles to the east.
      Nauro is so small that the plane lands in what is best regarded as the capital's main street. The seaward
side of the runway has traffic lights at each end to stop cars when planes are landing. The tiny bus station
outside the airport is crowded with well-fed and brightly clothed Naurans with their modern cars.
     With Naurans now getting an average(平均) of $44,500 a year, the island's 60,000 people seem to have little
to worry about. A trip to the island's central hump(隆峰) tells a slightly different story.
     The hump with a great deal of phosphate (磷酸盐) round is Nauru's wealth. When Nauru gained freedom
from the British government in 1908, about 40 million tons of the earliest 100 million tons of phosphate were
left. Since it has taken out another 10 million tons, which leaves enough only for another 20-25 years.

1. The best title of the text should be______.

A. Wealth and population of Nauru
B. The most beautiful country in the world
C. A small island surrounded by the Pacific
D. A small but rich island country

2. It can be inferred from the text that______.

A. Nauru has not built a runway in the airport yet
B. Nauru is not large enough to build the runway of the plane the
C. Naurans are not rich enough to build a runway of the plane
D. no cars run on the main street

3. From the last sentence of the text we can learn that the writer wants to tell us______.

A. why Naurans are so rich
B. something more about Nauru
C. something for Naurans to worry about
D. how the British robbed Nauru of their wealth

4. How many tons of phosphate will probably be taken out in Nauru a year?

A. 2,000,000 to 2,500,000 tons
B. 2,800,000 to 3,500,000 tons
C. 1,200,000 to 1,500,000 tons
D. 400,000 to 500,000 tons

     Tell the truth or just lie?
     You're busy filling out the application form for a position you really need; let's assume you once actually
completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isn't it tempting to lie
just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra
couple of years back at State University?
     More and more people are turning to final trick like this to land their job or to move ahead in their careers,
for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a
good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a
well-known university. Registrars at most well known colleges say they deal with deceitful like these at the
rate of about one per week.
     Personnel officers do check up degrees listed on application forms, then. If it turns out that an applicant is
lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them"impostors (骗子)"; Another refers to them as"special cases" one well-known West Coast school, in perhaps the most
delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made by"no such people."
      To avoid total lies, some job-seekers claim that they "attended" or "were associated with" a college or
university. After carefully checking, a personal officer may discover that"attending" means being dismissed
after one semester. It may be that"being associated with" a college means that the job seeker visited his
younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claim says that the practice
dates back at least to the turn of the century-that's when they began keeping records, anyhow.
     If you don't want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a phony (假的)
diploma. One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma
from any number of nonexistent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from
" Smoot State University." The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the"University of Purdue." As there
is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana is properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather
high for one sheet of paper.

 1.The main idea of this passage is that______.

A. employers are checking more closely on applicants now
B. lying about college degrees has become a widespread problem
C. college degrees can now be purchased easily
D. employers are no longer interested in college degrees

2. According to the passage,"special cases" refers to cases where______.

A. students attend a school only part-time
B. students never attended a school they listed on their application
C. students buy false degrees from commercial firms
D. students attended a famous school

3. We can infer from the passage that______.

A. performance is a better judge of ability than a college degree
B. experience is the best teacher
C. past work histories influence personnel officers more than degrees do
D. a degree from a famous school enables an applicant to gain advantage over others in job competition

4. This passage implies that______.

A. buying a false degree is not normal
B. personnel officers only consider applicants from famous schools
C. most people lie on applications because they were dismissed from school
D. society should be greatly responsible for lying on applications

     America is growing older. Fifty years ago, only 4 out of every 100 people in the United States were 65 or
older. Today, 10 out of every 100 Americans are over 65. The aging of the population will affect American
society in many ways - education, medicine, and business. Quietly, the graying of America has made us a very
different society - one in which people have a quite different idea of what kind of behavior is suitable at various
ages.
     A person's age no longer tells you anything about his/her social position, marriage or health. There's no
longer a particular year in which one goes to school or goes to work or gets married or starts a family. The
social clock that keeps us on time and tells us when to go to school, get a job, or stop working isn't as strong
as it used to be. It doesn't surprise us to hear of a 29-year-old university president or a 35-year-old grandmother, or a 70-year-old man who has become a father for the first time. Public ideas are changing.
     Many people say,"I am much younger than my mother-or my father-was at my age. 'No one says Act your
age' any more. We've stopped looking with surprising at older people who act in youthful ways."

1. It can be learnt from the text that the aging of the population in America _________.

A. has made people feel younger
B. has changed people's social position
C. has changed people's understanding of age
D. has slowed down the country's social development

2. The underlined word "one" refers to"________."

A. a society
B. America
C. a place
D. population

3. "Act your age" means people should _________.

A. be active when they are old
B. do the right things at the right age
C. show respect for their parents young or old
D. take more physical exercise suitable to their age

4. If a 25-year-old man becomes general manager of a big firm, the writer of the text
    would most probably consider it _______.

A. normal
B. wonderful
C. unbelievable
D. unreasonable

A. Five Waiters and Ten Waitresses
-Aged less than 22.
-At least high school graduate.
-Good-looking; men at least 1.72 meters tall and women at least 1.60 meters tall.
-Those knowing foreign languages preferred.
-Salary 1,600-2,200 Yuan per month.
B. One Secretary
-Aged less than 30.
-Female preferred.
-Good at writing and skilled at computer. C. Accountant
-Aged between 25 and 40.
-With an experience of at least two years.
-With a degree and an accountant certificate.
-Salary 3,000-4,000 Yuan monthly.
-With a practical knowledge of computer.
D. Salesclerk
-Basic education of 12 years or more.
-Good at computer.
-Salary 1,800-2,200 Yuan monthly.
E. English Teacher
-Aged between 35 and 45.
-With a master degree and a certificate in normal university.
-With an experience abroad preferred. F. Senior Lawyer
-Aged between 45 and 50.
-With doctor degree of law.
-With an experience of senior lawyer for at least three years.
-Those knowing English preferred.

请阅读以下求职者的相关信息,然后匹配和他/她感兴趣的职位:
1. Ann has been a senior lawyer with a doctor degree in the USA for five years. She returned to China last
    week. She wants to have the same job in Beijing.
2. Lisa, a l.7-meter-tall pretty girl, has just graduated from Jingshan High School. She is good at foreign
   languages, especially English.
3. Li Wei became an English teacher in a high school in New York after he had got the master degree and a
   certificate in California University. He came back to China last week and wanted to act as an English teacher
    in Guangzhou.
4. Lanra, who is a 23-year-old lady, is good at writing as well as computer. She would like to be employed as
    a secretary.
5. Lu Bin, who can operate on the computer well, has just graduated from Guangya Middle School. She can
    have the chance to go to university, but she gives it up. She wants learn to do business as a salesgirl first.

求职者 职位
1. Ann A. Five Waiters and Ten Waitresses
2. Lisa B. One Secretary
3. Li Wei .C. Accountant
4. Laura D. Salesclerk
5. Lu Bin E. English Teacher

     The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, pain free life equals happiness actually reduces their
chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to
unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some
pain.
     As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain
inevitably (不可避免的) brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement,
religious commitment (义务), self-improvement.
     Ask a bachelor (单身汉) why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying.
If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most
distinguishing features.
     Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night's sleep or a three-day vacation. I don't know
any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. But couples who decide not to have
children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild.
     Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating
realizations. It liberates (解放)  time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase
our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase
our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are
always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all..

1. According to the author, a bachelor resists marriage chiefly because _______.

A. he finds more fun in dating than in marriage
B. he believes that life will be more cheerful if he remains single
C. he is reluctant to take on family responsibilities
D. he fears it will put an end to all his fun adventure and excitement

2. Raising children, in the author's opinion is _______.

A. a rewarding task
B. a thankless job
C. a moral duty
D. a source of inevitable pain

3. From the last paragraph, we learn that envy sometimes stems from(由…造成)_______.

A. hatred　　
B. ignorance
C. prejudice(偏见)　　　
D. misunderstanding

4. To understand what true happiness is one must ________.

A. have as much fun as possible during one's lifetime
B. be able to distinguish happiness from fun
C. put up with pain under all circumstances
D. make every effort to liberate oneself from pain

5. What is the author trying to tell us?

A. It is important to make commitments.
B. One must know how to attain happiness.
C. Happiness often goes hand in hand with pain.
D. It is pain that leads to happiness.

                                                         America's Beloved Best Friend
     Oprah Winfrey revolutionized the talk show market with her unique and natural style and rose to become
the host of the most watched daytime show on television, which boasts 22 million viewers daily (three-fourths
of whom are women).She is the first African American to own her own TV studio. The multitalented Winfrey
is also a millionaire businesswoman, a talented actress, owner of a movie production company, and committed
philanthropist(慈善家).
     "I was taught to read at an early age. By the time I was three, I was reciting speeches in the church.
They'd put me up on the program, and say, 'Little Mistress Winfrey will render a recitation,' and I would do
'Jesus rose on Easter Day, Hallelujah, Hallelujah, all the angels did proclaim.'"
     Oprah Winfrey's public speaking career began in 1957.At three, she was speaking in church, by her teens
she was touring the churches of Nashville, reciting the sermons of James Weldon Johnson. Other children
sang, Oprah talked. And she's still talking -but to much larger audiences. The path that led from her
grandmother's farm in Kosciusko, Mississippi to becoming the first African-American woman billionaire is a
story of unwavering (不动摇的) focus and unrelenting (不屈不挠的) determination.
     Taught to read by her grandmother at an age when most children are only learning to talk, Oprah became a
voracious (如饥似渴的) reader-a habit she retains to this day. Books became her outlet to the world and the
basis of her passionate belief in education. An actress of nomination. Some call her lucky, but Oprah Winfrey
doesn't believe in luck. She believes"luck is preparation meeting opportunity." Her rise from reading the news on a small radio station to being the first woman in history to own and produce her own television talk show proves her point.
     A seeker of truth in herself and in others, her empathy (执著), honesty, and love of people have made her
one of the most beloved women in America; a teacher who educates a devoted audience about subjects as
varied as sexual abuse, divorce, children's issues, and countless other important subjects; a close friend who
visits over 20 million homes a day.

     Do you think why a wonderful host or hostess should have a good knowledge of everything?
____________________________________________________________________________________

     The film "Avatar" has received great popularity around the world. It turned out to be a great success. The
film got ＄1 billion in ticket sales in a very short time. The story in the film happens on an alien planet called
Pandora where many strange species live. Among the planet's inhabitants (居民,栖息动物), the one that has
the most similarities with humans is the Na'vi, and it is the struggle between the Na'vi and human invaders (入
侵者) that forms the story of the film. As to the factors (因素) leading to the film's success, many think that
the entertaining feast (盛宴) for the eyes and the wonderful story shouldn't be forgotten, but the new language
invented especially for the film which provides audiences with a new experience also plays an important part.
      In order to increase the truthfulness of an alien race (外星人), the film's director James Cameron asked an
expert in languages from the University of Southern California to invent a language for the Na'vi. Professor Paul Frommer combined the languages spoken among Indians, Africans and mid-Asians and worked with James
Caneron for four years to create the Na'vi language based on the original 30 words that the director had already
come up with.
     According to Professor Frommer, the most important characteristic of the Na'vi language is that it could be
pronounced."This is an alien language but obviously it has to be spoken by human actors and actresses,"
Professor Frommer told the BBC, "it has to sound natural and it should make human beings comfortable when
using it."
     The language has a vocabulary of around 1000 words but Progessor Formmer hopes to enlarge the
vocabulary in possible follow-ups to the film and in video games. The professor hopes that one day his
creation will be as successful as the Klingon alien language from the"Star Trek"films."There's a translation of
Hamlet into Klingon and it has received great popularity among the audiences," says Professor Frommer, "if
anything like this happens to the Na'vi language, I'd be very happy."

1. What do we know about "Avatar" from this passage?

A. The story in it is a moving love story.
B. It brings the producer ＄1 billion in total.
C. The story in it happens on an alien planet.
D. It talks about humans and aliens' friendship.

2. The director of"Avatar" James Cameron had a language invented for the Na'vi to _____.

A. make the film a whole mystery
B. make the Na'vi more believable
C. make the Na'vi different from humans
D. make the film have specific characteristics

3. Who first created the basic words of the Na'vi language?

A. Paul Frommer.
B. An Indian.
C. James Cameron
D. Hamlet.

4. The important feature of the Na'vi language is that _____.

A. it can be spoken by humans
B. it has just 30 original words
C. it has a vocabulary of 1000 words.
D. it is like the Klingon alien language

5. We can infer from the passage that _____.

A. James Cameron will produce follow-ups to"Avatar"
B. the Na'vi language is another kind of the Klingon language
C. the director believes the Na'vi language will be popular
D. Paul Frommer hopes to add new words to the Na'vi language

                                                         Talking Dog: Body Language
     Understand what dogs are "saying"
     It's important to understand what dogs are saying with their bodies, not only to know your own dog but to
better predict what other dogs are doing.
     To really read dog body language takes experience. I encourage you to watch your own dog(s) and others.
Go to the dog park and watch dogs interacting. Watch different body parts (ears, tails, eyes, lips, hair, overall
posture) separately for a while. See if you can predict which body stances (姿态) lead to which activities or
outcomes.
     Confidence/Fear
     Signs of confidence: erect stance (standing tall), tail up, tail wagging in a slower sweep, ears pricked up (竖
起) or relaxed, direct look; relaxed, smaller pupils (瞳孔).
     Signs of fear or concern: lowered stance, tail down or tucked under, tail wagging in a quick, frantic (狂乱
的) buzz; looking away or turning head away to look so that whites of eyes show ("whale eye"); dilated (扩大
的) pupils. Dogs often bark out of fear, in an attempt to keep a distance between themselves and the Big Scary
Thing, especially if they are cornered, fenced in, or on a leash (束缚). 
                                                             
     This little puppy is looking confidently at the camera. His tail is up; he looks directly at us with no whites
showing in his eyes, and his ears, though a little hard to see, are pricked forward.
     This dog is relaxed and confident, with her tail curled over her back, her ears relaxed, and comfortably
lying down. Her ball is between her feet in a clear sign of possession.
                                                     
     This black lab pup is unsure about the plastic ducky (and maybe the water, too). Notice most of her body
is still on shore while she stretches her neck out to sniff. She's not fearful, just uncertain.
                                                            
     Here she's a lot more confident looking! Her tail is straight up (starting to curl back), and her body is
compacted and one foot is lifted-she's ready for the next move!
                                                               
     This dog is fearful and lacking in confidence. His back is arched with his butt and head lowered, his legs
are bent, his tail is down (though not tucked under his body). He's looking at the thing that's scaring him.
                                                                
     This puppy is clearly fearful and hiding under his person's legs. His head and back are lowered, his ears are
down, and his pupils are dilated (showing red in the camera flash).I would not reach out to this puppy-I would
expect him to back away, growl, and maybe even snap at such an invasion of his space.(Instead, I would use
Calming Signals such as turning sideways, looking away, yawning, touching the ground in an imitation of dog
sniffing, and if the dog seems to relax I might hold my hand out to a neutral space between us for him to sniff).
     If playing dogs get too aroused, you might want to intervene. If your dog is getting overwhelmed or is
overwhelming someone else, invite them to take a short break. No punishment is necessary.

【个性思考】 In what other ways do you think a dog can show his feelings?
     In my view ____________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

                                                          Sending Signals Without Words 
                                                                      
     Body language is extremely important in an interviewing situation. Some would argue that it is just as
important as what you say and what is on your resume (个人简历). Why? Because we can learn quite a bit
about people from their non-verbal actions. This is one of the ways that an interviewer tries to size you up
as a candidate (求职应征者).
     When we are in stressful or uncomfortable situations, many of us have habits that can be distracting (使
不安的) to other people. Certainly biting ones nails or fidgeting with ones' hands could be distracting from
what you are trying to say. These are examples of body language that can be harmful in an interviewing
situation. Used correctly, however, body language can reinforce (加强,增强) what you are saying and give
greater impact to your statements. The following are tips to help you give the right non-verbal clues.
     The Seven Signals for Success
     So far we have focused primarily on the pitfalls (缺陷) to avoid; but what messages should be sent, and how? Here are seven general suggestions on good body language for the interview.
     1. Walk slowly, deliberately, and tall upon entering the room.
     2. On greeting the interviewer, give (and, hopefully, receive) a friendly "eyebrow flash": that brief, slight
raising of the brows that calls attention to the face, encourages eye contact, and (when accompanied by a
natural smile)sends the strong positive signal that the interview has gotten off to a good start.
     3. Use mirroring techniques. In other words, make an effort-subtly!-to reproduce the positive signals your
interviewer sends. (Of course, you should never mirror negative body signals.) Say the interviewer leans
forward to make a point; a few moments later, you lean forward slightly in order to hear better. Say the
interviewer leans back and laughs; you "laugh beneath" the interviewer's laughter, taking care not to overwhelm
your interviewer by using an inappropriate volume level. This technique may seem contrived at first, but you
will learn that it is far from that, if only you experiment a little.
     4. Maintain a naturally alert head position; keep your head up and your eyes front at all times.
     5. Remember to avert your gaze from time to time so as to avoid the impression that you are staring; when
you do so, look confidently and calmly to the right or left; never look down.
     6. Do not hurry any movement. 7.Relax with every breath.

【个性思考】 What can make you succeed except what we know in this passage?
     In my view ____________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

                                                           How to make friends
Choosing friends
     Before you make friends, you have to decide who you want to be your friends. Mo.st people like to have
friends who like to do the same kind of things as they do. That doesn't mean you have to be exactly like each
other, just that you enjoy some of the same things. Think about your favorite things to do and try to talk to
your classmates at lunch or rest about your hobbies. You are sure to find at least one person who's excited
about the same things that excite and interest you, too.
Making friends
      ①The quickest way to make a friend is to smile. When you smile, people think you are friendly and easy
to talk to. It may not be easy at first to smile. But you can practice smiling in front of a mirror. When you
look at yourself in the mirror, think if you'd rather talk to your smiling face or your usual scared or angry face.
     ②One easy way to start a conversation with someone is to say something nice about them. Think about
how great you feel when someone says something nice to you. Doesn't it make you want to talk to him?
     ③Ask your new friend's questions about themselves. It's the only way to get to know what they're like
and it's the only way they'll know that you are interested in them.
     ④Make sure you have something to add to the conversation, too. When someone asks you a question, do
have an answer for them. There is nothing that will stop a conversation quicker than a shrug (耸肩) for an
answer. Activities
     After you've made a friend who shares the same interests with you, it's always fun to plan activities together
that you'll both enjoy. Inviting a friend to your house after school is a great way to make your friendship closer.
If you know a game your friend likes to play, you can plan to do that together. When you play a computer
game, one person is always left sitting with nothing to do but watch Not fun.

1. Before you make friends with someone, make sure _____.

A. both of you are exactly like each other
B. both of you enjoy some of the same interests
C. you have talked to him or her at lunch or rest about your hobbies
D. you have little in common with each other

2. When you want to make friends with someone, you should do all the following except _____.

A. smiling at him or her before talking
B. starting a conversation first
C. asking some questions about him or her
D. giving a shrug instead of an answer

3. To make your friendship last long, you shouldn't _____.

A. do something that interests both of you together
B. invite your friend to your house at weekends
C. be always doing something by yourself with your friend left doing nothing
D. play basketball together in your free time