In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources (资源), the harm from the traditional 
business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and
 the globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, 
and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持续的) ways. That means growth with low 
carbon or development of sustainable products. In other words, we should keep the healthy while using
 its supply of natural resources.
     Today, sustainable development is a popular trend in many countries. According to a recent study,
 the global market for low-carbon energy will become three times bigger over the next decade. China,
 for example, has set its mind on leading that market, hoping to seize chances in the new round of the
 global energy resolution. It is now trying hard to made full use of wind and solar energy, and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and high-speed trains. In addition, we are also seeing 
great growth in the global markets for sustainable products such as palm oil (棕榈油), which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest. In recent years the markets for sustainable products have 
grown more than 50%.
     Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets. First, they can set high  targets for
 reducing carbon emissions (排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy. Besides, stronger 
arrangement of public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development. Finally,
 governments can avoid the huge public expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction, and 
redirecting some of those expenses can accelerate the change from the traditional model to a sustainable
 one.
     The major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of a growing population within 
the limits of this single planet. That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable
 product industries.

1. The traditional business model is harmful because of all the following EXCEPT that ____.

A. it makes the world warmer               
B. it consumes natural resources
C. it brings severe damage to future          
D. it makes growth hard to continue

2. What can we infer from Paragraph 2?

A. China lacks wind and solar energy
B. China is the leader of the low-carbon market
C. High-speed trains are a low-carbon development
D. Palm oil is made at the cost of valuable forests

3. To fully develop the low-carbon markets governments can ______.

A. cut public expenses                    
B. forbid carbon emission
C. develop public resources                
D. encourage energy conservation

4. We can learn from the last paragraph that business have many chances to _______.

A. develop sustainable products            
B. explore new natural resources
C. make full use of natural resources        
D. deal with the major challenge

5. What is the main purpose of the passage?

A. To introduce a new business model       
B. To compare two business models
C. To predict a change of the global markets  
D. To advocate sustainable development

     You might think tha t"global warming" means nothing more than a rise in the world's temperature But rising
sea levels caused by it have resulted in the first evacuation (撤离) of an island nation-the citizens of Tuvalu will
have to leave their homeland.
     During the 20th century,sea level rose 8-12 inches. As a result.Tuvalu has experienced lowland flooding of
salt water which has polluted the country's drinking water.
     Paani Laupepa, a Tuvaluan government official,reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation suffered
an unusaually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years.Many scientists connect higher surface water
temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damagingtorms.
     Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol, an
international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions (导致温室效
应的气体排放), which are a main cause of global warming. "By refusing to sign the agreement, the US has
effectively taken away the freedom of future generations of Tuvaluans to live where their forefathers have lived
for thousands of years," Laupepa told the BBC.
     Tuvalu has asked Australia and New Zealand to allow the gradual move of its people to both countries.
      Tuvalu is not the only country that is vulnerable (易受影响的) to rising sea levels.Maumoon Gayoon,
president of the Maldives, told the United Nations that global warming has made his country of 311,000 an
"endangered nation".

1. The text is mainly about _____.

A. rapid changes in earth's temperature
B. bad effects of global warming
C. moving of a country to a new place
D. reasons for lowland flooding

2. According to scientists,the DIRECT cause of more and fiercer storms is _____.

A. greenhouse gas emissions in industrialized nations
B. higher surface water temperatures of the sea
C. continuous global warming
D. rising sea levels

3. Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not _____.

A. agree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions
B. sign an agreement with Tuvalu
C. allow Tuvaluans to move to the US
D. believe the problems facing Tuvalu were real

4. The country whose situation is similar to that of Tuvalu is _____.

A. Australia
B. New Zealand
C. the Maldives
D. the United States

     Throw out the bottles and boxes of drugs in your house. A new theory suggests that medicine could 
be bad for your health. This new theory argues that healing（the process of becoming healthy and strong
 again）is at our fingertips: we can be healthy by doing Reiki on a regular basis. 
      Supporters of medical treatment argue that medicine should be trusted since it is effective and 
scientifically proven. They say that there is no need for spiritual methods such as Reiki, Yoga, Tai Chi. 
These waste our time, something that is quite precious in our material world. There is medicine that can 
kill our pain and x-rays that show us our broken bones. We must admit that these methods are very 
effective in the examples that they provide. However, there are some "everyday complaints” such as
 back pains, headaches, which are treated currently with medicine. When you have a headache, you take
 an Aspirin; when you cannot sleep, you take Xanax without thinking of the side effects of these. When
 you use these pills for a long period, you become dependent on them; you cannot sleep without them. 
We pay huge amounts of money and but never get better. How about a safer and more economical way
 of healing? When doing Reiki to yourself, you do not need anything except your energy so it is very 
economical. Also, there are no side effects and it is scientifically explained.   
     They also claim that serious illnesses such as HIV/AIDS and cancer cannot be treated without drugs.
 They think so because these patients spend the rest of their lives in the hospital taking medicine. How
 can Reiki make these people healthy again? It is very unfortunate that these patients have to live in the
 hospital losing their hair and weight because of the side effects of the medicine they take. Actually, 
instead of drugs which are expensive and have many side effects, you can use your energy to overcome 
the hardships of life, find an emotional balance, leave the stress of everyday life and let go of the
 everyday worries.   
     Some people may still hold that in our material world, everything depends on time. How would it be 
possible to find time to do Reiki? In fact, Reiki does not require more than 15 minutes of our time. It is
 less time consuming than medicine if we think of all the time we spend taking medicine for some 
complaints and taking some more for the side effects as well.   

1. The author’s attitude towards Reiki is _______.   

A. disinterested　　　 
B. serious 　　　
C. positive　　　 
D. doubtful 

2. Which statement does the passage lead you to believe? 

A. Reiki will soon become the most popular exercise around the world.   
B. Reiki is an effective treatment but not scientifically explained.   
C. Reiki can make people less dependent on drugs.   
D. Reiki is a kind of cheap drug but works well.   

3. How many advantages of Reiki are mentioned in the last two paragraphs?   

A. One. 　　　
B. Three.　　　 
C. Five. 　　　
D. Seven.   

4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A. A New Way of Treating Illness   
B. Health and Healing at Your Fingers   
C. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Reiki   
D. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Medicine 

     Many people believe they are supposed to drink eight glasses of water a day, or about two liters (升).
Why? Because that is the amount of water they have been told all their life. But a recent report offers some
different advice. Experts suggest people should obey their bodies: they should drink as much water as they
feel like drinking. The report says most healthy people meet their daily needs for liquid by letting thirst be
their guide.
     The report is from the Institute of Medicine, which provides scientific and technical advice to the
government and the public. The report contains some general suggestions. It says women should get about
2.7 liters of water daily and men about 3.7 liters. But wait-in each case, that is more than eight glasses.
     There is one important difference. The report does not tell people how many glasses of water are needed
to meet these guidelines. This is because the daily water requirement can include the water content in foods. 
     As you might expect, the Institute of Medicine says people need to drink more water when they are
physically active. The same is true of those who live in hot climates. Depending on heat and activity, people
could need twice as much water as others do.

                            How much water people should (1) _______ every day

     Scientists are trying to make the deserts into good land again. They want to bring water to the deserts, so
people can live and grow food. They are learning a lot about the deserts. But more and more of the earth is
becoming desert all the time. Scientists may not be able to change the desert in time.
     Why is more and more land becoming desert? Scientists think that people make deserts. People are doing
bad things to the earth.
     Some places on the earth don't get much rain. But they still don't become deserts. This is because some
green plants are growing there. Small green plants and grass are very important to dry places. Plants don't let
the sun make the earth even drier. Plants do not let the wind blow the dirt away. When a bit of rain falls, the
plants hold the water. Without plants, the land can become desert more easily.

1. Deserts _____.

A. never have any plants or animals in them
B. can all be turned into good land before long
C. are becoming smaller and smaller
D. get very little rain

2. Small green plants are very important to dry places because _____.

A. they don't let the sun make the earth even drier
B. they don't let the wind blow the soil away
C. they hold water
D. All of the above

3. Land is becoming desert little by little because _____.

A. plants can't grow there
B. there is not enough rain
C. people haven't done what scientists wish them to do
D. scientists know little about the deserts

4. Which is the main idea of the first paragraph?

A. Scientists know how to change desert into good land.
B. Land is becoming desert faster than scientists can change it back into good land.
C. If scientists can bring water to desert, people can live and grow food there.
D. More and more places are becoming deserts all the time.